We reported previously (J. Jpn. Prosthodont. Soc., 30 : 88-99, 1986) on the good results of our high vertical dimension splint (HV-splint) therapy for temporomandibular disorders. In the experimental study, the therapeutic mechanism of HV-splint indicated that condyle traction was obtained by use of this splint. The HV-splint, when set on either the maxilla or the mandible, provides a minimum of 10mm of interocclusal space between the upper and lower first premolars and allows only the molar regions to come in contact during centric relation and eccentric movement. The original articulator however could not be used for fabrication of this splint, because of the need for high interocclusal distance and adjustment of occlusion. We therefore improved the Tsubone's articulator Model MS for fabrication of this splint on the articulator. The improved points were as follows : 1. The bilateral condylar posts and the incisal guide pin were made 50mm longer. 2. The T-attachment of face-bow was also made 50mm longer. 3. The lower mounting plate was made to be adjustable in vertical direction. With use of this articulator, not only fabrication of the HV-splint but also adjustment of occlusion have been made easier.

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The present study was undertaken to determine the difference morphologically and longitudinally between normal occlusion and maxillary protrusion with more than overjet 5 mm. The 42 subjects comprised of 11 males and 10 females with normal occlusion and 11 males and 10 females with maxillary protrusion. Lateral roentgenocephalograms taken at 6 years and 12 years were mainly used. The results were as follows : On the mean growth of both male and female, there were significant differences between normal occlusion and maxillary protrusion in ANB angle, A-B distance, overbite, and overjet. The mean values for maxillary protrusion were bigger than those for normal occlusion with aging. On the individual growth of both male and female, facial axis did not change in 60% of normal occlusion but decreased in 60% of maxillary protrusion. The mandible also rotated posteroinferiorly. Ramal plane angle ∠BN-CG increased in 60% of normal occlusion, and did not change in 30%. The angle increased in 90% of maxillary protrusion, and opened. Mandibular plane angle ∠BN-GG decreased in 50% and did not change in 30% of normal occlusion. This angle did not change in 40% and decreased in 30% of maxillary protrusion, then gonial angle decreased. Palatal plane angle ∠BN-PP increased in 70% of both normal occlusion and maxillary protrusion ; clockwise rotation was found. Occlusal plane angle ∠BN-Occ showed no change or decrease in 100% of normal occlusion and in 80% of maxillary protrusion. Condyle growth direction index ∠CDC' showed increase or no change in 80% of both normal occlusion and maxillary protrusion ; condyle had a tendency to grow anterosuperiorly. The above results showed many references leading to greater maxillary protrusion tendency for maxillary protrusion as compared with normal occlusion ; for example, opened facial axis and ramal plane angle. There were also strong significant negative correlation coefficients between facial axis and mandibular plane angle ∠BN-GG for both normal occlusion and maxillary protrusion, and both male and female. However, there were no significant correlation coefficients between facial axis and mandibular length Cd-Gna.

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Weanling male rats were fed a zinc-deficient diet, 1.3ppm zinc and controls the same diet supplemented by 40ppm zinc for four weeks. Zinc-deficient rats showed growth retardation, loss of hairs and skin changes similar in appearance to acrodermatitis enteropathica. Hyperparakeratotic alterations of the tongue epithelium were observed in zinc-deficient rats. When observed by scanning electron microscopy, the circumvallate papilla of the zinc-deficient rat was buried by hyperparakeratinized cells and was often difficult to find in the dorsal lingual surface. No discernible change on the activity of ATPase, ALPase and adenylate cyclase in the circumvallate papilla was observed between controls and zinc-deficient rats. It seemed that one of the causes for hypogeusia in zinc-deficient rat might relate to blockage of gustatory substances from the papillary region by hyperparakeratosis. Other plausible pathogenesis was also discussed.

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Clinico-statistical study of 11 cases with parotid gland tumors at the First Department of Oral Surgery, Kyushu Dental College Hospital and the Division of Dentistry, Kyushu Kousei Nenkin Hospital during the 4 years from 1985 to 1988 was made. Histopathologically, 9 cases (82%) of the benign tumors and 2 cases of the malignant tumors were diagnosed. The benign tumors were 7 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and 2 cases of adenolymphoma. The malignant tumors were 2 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The ratio of men to women of the benign tumors was 3 : 6 and the malignant tumors 1 : 1. By age, 4 cases of the benign tumors were in patients in sixties. The mean age for the benign tumors was 53.8 years old and for the malignant tumors 57 years old. One case was treated by total parotidectomy, and the other cases were treated by superficial lobectomy. One case of the benign tumors had Frey syndrome. One case of the malignant tumors had the facial nerve palsy, but the facial nerve palsy disappeared one year after the operation.

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Composite resin restorations have to tolerate the occlusal force and environmental changes during drinking and food-taking. In this study, the degradation of the composite resin was examined in terms of the changes in Knoop hardness when the specimen was stored in air or water at various temperatures (25-70℃). The effects of ethanol and three kinds of organic acids were also determined. It was found that the surface hardness of the specimen decreased with increase in temperature either in air or in water condition. The decrease was smaller in air than in water. The resins containing crystallized filler seemed to show larger reduction in hardness than those containing non-crystallized filler. The resins stored either in ethanol or in any of the organic acids appeared to have a marked decrease in hardness as compared to those stored in air. The decrease was the most prominent in ethanol or acetic acid, next in propionic acid and the least in lactic acid.

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Psychosedation is the most desirable accessory treatment for a patient with dentalphobia and/or systematic complications. It enables a patient to be treated without the tention assosiated with tranquilizers which produce an excited state of the autonomic nervous system. Intravenous injection of benzodiazepine is a superior method with a steady effect ; However, it cannot be adopted for a patient with a phobia of the injection needle. Accordingly, sublingual administration of flunitrazepam (FNZP) was examined as a new method for sedation. Seventeen healthy male volunteers with an average age of 24.8 years were administered 1.5 mg (0.75ml) of FNZP sublingually. The degree of sedation and disturbances of respiratory, circulatory and mental function were measured. Nine of the 17 cases were monitored just before the medication, and 30 and 120 minutes after administration (Group F1). The remaining 8 cases were monitored just before the medication, and 60 minutes and 180 minutes after medication (Group F2). Extra five healthy male volunteers with an average age of 21.5 years were given 0.75ml of normal saline solution sublingually as controls (Group C) and observed at the same points as Group F (Group F1 plus Group F2). The results obtained were as follows : 1. Conscious levels were between I and II-20 by Ohta's 3-3-9 classification during the entire time course in all cases of Group F. Group F appeared to be in mild sedation from 30 to 120 minutes after the administration. Desirable amnesia was obserbed between 30 and 60 minutes after the administration. 2. Paco_2, HCO^-_3 and Base Exess increased remarkablly 60 minutes after the administration of FNZP. However, all changes were within normal ranges. 3. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and probably rate pressure product decreased in both Group F and Group C. On the other hand, diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase in Group C in contrast to a tendency to decrease in Group F. Statistical defferences were observed between the two groups at each point of the time course. 4. Times required for the caliculation and key sellection were prolonged until 180 minutes after the administration. The effects were greatest at 30 and 60 minutes after the administration. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that 1.5mg of FNZP given sublingually produces mild sedation between 30 and 60 minutes after the administration with no particular respirocirculatory and mental complication.

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Five types of bite plates of lower full denture, with labial anterior region, lingual anterior region, buccal molar region, or lingual molar region cut off, and ordinary type, were prepared with ten edentulous patients as the subjects and the occlusal force of each bite plate was measured by strain gauge method. The actual basal surface area of the lower full dentures was measured by sticking aluminum foil on the lower jaw casts. The projected basal surface area of the lower full dentures was measured by photographs of the lower jaw casts taken from a point vertical to the occlusal plane. Occlusal forces and two kinds of measurement of surface area were compared and the bearing ability for occlusal force of five regions of the basal surface area was calculated per given area. The bearing ability of five regions of the basal surface area on occlusal force was then examined. The results were as follows : 1. In comparison of the occlusal force of the subjects, male subjects showed 21.9±4.64kg and female subjects 9.1±5.57kg, which were higher than the value generally reported. 2. Male subjects have comparatively greater occlusal force, about 2.4 times greater than female subjects. 3. The actual basal surface area of lower full denture was the largest at the lingual molar region (8.3cm^2), followed by the buccal molar region, labial anterior region, and lingual anterior region, in descending order. 4. The projected basal surface area was the largest at the buccal molar region (5.5cm^2), followed by lingual molar region, labial anterior region, and lingual anterior region, in descending order. 5. Bearing ability for occlusal force per given area of the actual basal surface area was the largest at the buccal molar region (0.25kg/cm^2), followed by lingual molar region, lingual anterior region, and labial anterior region, in descending order. 6. Bearing ability for occlusal force per given area of the projected basal surface area was the largest at the buccal molar region (0.18kg/cm^2), followed by lingual molar region, lingual anterior region, and labial anterior region, in descending order. From these results, the buccal molar region of the basal surface area of lower full denture plays a very important role in bearing occlusal force. In preparing lower full dentures, therefore, it is considered important to make this area as large as possible. Occlusal force in full dentures was found to be more closely related with projected basal surface area than with actual basal surface area. Therefore, enlarging horizontal area rather than enlarging vertical area was considered important in order to increase occlusal force in dentures. It was thought that extension of the border of the lingual molar region inferiorly would improve stability but not increase occlusal force.

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Osteoporosis was induced experimentally in male rats of Wistar strain. These rats were then given a standard solid diet (control group) and a calcium-enriched diet (experimental group) and effect of diet on facilitation of formation of bone tissue was investigated. The results were as follows : 1. Radiological, light microscopic, and photo-densitometric findings showed higher bone density of the alveolar bone and tibia in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. Analysis of Ca and P on the X-ray microanalyzer showed high values of Ca in the experimental group with 1% significance level each week. At 10 weeks, high values of P were shown for the experimental group with 5% significance level. The experimental group showed higher relative Ca quantitative ratios (Ca/[Ca]c) and relative P quantitative ratios (P/[P]c) than the control group. 3. In histopatholgical findings, CMR images showed increase in the amount of bone, Haversian canals, and bone lacunae. General tissue findings showed thickening of osseous layers, decrease in resorption findings, regularity of Sharpey's fibers, increase in Haversian canals and bone lacunae. The tibia also showed similar findings. 4. Hemological findings showed high AL-P values at 8 weeks and high LDH and GPT values at 9 weeks. On the basis of the foregoing findings, continuous administration of a calcium-enriched diet on a long-term basis for debilitative alveolar bone and tibia proved to facilitate bone formation (by accelerating formation of bone tissue).

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Various types of artificial teeth have been developed for the purpose of recovering masticatory ability in complete dentures. For denture wearers, it is very important for artificial teeth to have a high level of masticatory performance and also for the artificial teeth to harmonize with the denture wearers' masticatory function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various artificial teeth and occlusion on masticatory function. First, experimental dentures were made which could accomodate four types of artificial molars. These types of occlusion examined were full balanced occlusion (F. B.), lingualized occlusion (L. O.), non-balanced occlusion (0°) and modified 0 degree teeth with a metal cone at first molar to establish balanced occlusion (M. 0°). Next, masticatory performance of five subjects wearing these dentures was examined using artificial test food made of carnauba wax. Also, chewing rhythm and terminal masticatory area were examined during mastication of six kinds of food (boiled carrot, roast beef, fish cake, rice dumpling, sponge cake, and almond). The results were as follows : 1) Characteristics of physical properties of the artificial test food were similar to almond with texturometer. 2) Average masticatory performance in wearing the experimental dentures was 1.68±0.77kg・cm/g (min. 0.88kg・cm/g, max. 4.01kg・cm/g). 3) Masticatory performance of 0°type was higher than those of F. B. and L. O. types. M. 0°type was on a similar level with 0°type. 4) Chewing rhythm with 0°type showed irregularity as compared to F. B. or L. O. types, and M. 0°type was on a similar level with F. B. and L. Otypes. 5) Terminal masticatory area with M. 0°type was smaller than other types with the exception of fish cake. Especially on chewing roast beef which has high cohesiveness, statistics showed the M. 0°type's terminal masticatory area to be significantly smaller. 6) In Comparison of masticatory performance and terminal masticatory area, the subjects with high masticatory parformance showed a small terminal masticatory area. On the other hand, the subjects with low masticatory performance showed a large terminal masticatory area.

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One hundred cases of maxillary sinus disease were analyzed to compare the diagnostic ability of panoramic and Waters' projections. Abnormal radiographic findings of the maxillary sinus on both panoramic and Waters' views were used. A dome-shaped radiopacity, diffuse radiopacity, thickening of mucous membrane, and bony sclerosis of the maxillary sinus were regarded as abnormal radiographic findings. An apical lesion in the maxilla was also regarded as an abnormal radiographic finding. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Dome-shaped radiopacities were seen in the 5 cases (5%) of panoramic views. Of these 5 cases only 2 cases were detected in Water's views. 2. Diffuse radiopacities were seen in the 29 sides (15%) of the maxillary sinus in panoramic views and in the 59 sides (30%) of Waters' views. If the Waters' projection is considered as the accurate projection, then the panoramic projection shows a 34% false positive and a 23% false negative diagnosis on the detection of diffuse radiopacity of the maxillary sinus. 3. Thickening of the mucous membrane was seen in the 38 sides (19%) of the maxillary sinus in panoramic views and in the 69 sides (35%) of Waters' views. If the Waters' projection is considered as the accurate projection, then the panoramic projection shows a 45% false positive and a 29% false negative diagnosis on the detection of thickening of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. 4. Bony sclerosis was seen in the 52 cases (26%) of the maxillary sinus in panoramic views and in the 85 sides (43%) of Waters' views. If the Waters' projection is considered as the accurate projection, then the panoramic projection shows a 6% false positive and a 7% false negative diagnosis on the detection of bony sclerosis of the maxillary sinus. 5. Apical lesions were seen in the 38 sides (19%) of the maxilla in panoramic views and in the 3 sides (2%) of Waters' views. If the panoramic projection is considered as the accurate projection, then the Waters' projection shows a 18% false negative diagnosis in the detection of maxillary apical lesion. False positive diagnosis of maxillary apical lesions was not detected in the Waters' projection. 6. On the visualization of the maxillary sinus on a panoramic radiograph, the maximum convexity of the posterior wall was most clearly detected (59%). Good visualizations continue at the panoramic innominate line (27%), pterygopalatine fossa (17%), boundaries of anterior and medial walls of the maxillary sinus (16%), and maxillary sinus floor. From the above results, it can be said that the panoramic projection is superior to the Waters' projection in the detection of dome-shaped radiopacity in the maxillary sinus and maxillary apical lesion. On the other hand, Waters' projection is superior to the panoramic projection for the detection of diffuse radiopacity and thickening of mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. On a panoramic radiograph, the maximum convexity of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus can be a good radiological anatomic landmark.

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A number of studies have reported comparisons of wear resistance of dental materials in various ways such as toothbrushing and sliding tests. In this study, an impacting-sliding motion was applied for evaluating the relative wear resistance of dental porcelain, Au-Ag-Pd alloy, hard and soft types of Ni-Cr alloys, acrylic resin and tooth enamel. Hemispherical and flat specimens were prepared, and their surfaces were smoothly polished except for those of the porcelain which were finished by glazing. One stroke of the wear test consisted of dropping of the upper hemispherical specimen onto the lower flat specimen and successive sliding along it under a load of 500gf. Such an impacting and sliding motion was repeated 10, 000 times at a rate of 40 strokes/min. Significantly larger wear was generally observed on the lower flat specimen when the upper slider specimen was made of the same material as the lower. Although the porcelain was extremely harder than any other materials, the porcelain slider caused not so larger wear tracks on the tooth enamel and Ni-Cr alloys. The porcelain was also abraded with the metal and enamel sliders, which was probably due to the scratching action of the small porcelain fragments yielded in impacting. The enamel showed significantly larger wear with the enamel slider. It was less abraded with the porcelain and Ni-Cr alloys, and no detectable wear was found with Au-Ag-Pd alloy and acrylic resin. The finely polished harder type Ni-Cr alloy not only caused smaller wear on the other materials but also was less abraded with them. The softer type Ni-Cr alloy and Au-Ag-Pd alloy exhibited significant relative wear with each other. The acrylic resin showed severe wear with the resin while it caused no perceptive wear on any other materials and enamel. The foregoing findings indicate that the relative wear may not always be affected by the hardness but by the other physical and mechanical properties such as configuration, surface aspect, elasticity, plasticity and impact strength of the materials.

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This study was designed to investigate the effects of flunitrazepam administration on catecholamine release from adrenal medulla. Eighteen mongrel, adult male dogs were used as the experimental subjects, and were divided into two groups for flunitrazepam (n=10) and normal saline (n=8) administration. Anesthesia was induced by thiopental and maintained by enflurane and pancuronium bromide. Ventilation was controlled. A femoral artery was cannulated for obtaining blood gas samples and measurement of mean arterial pressure (MAP). A femoral vein was cannulated for fluid and drug administration. A polyethylene catheter (outside diameter 2.2mm) was positioned in the left adrenal vein for obtaining adrenal venosus blood samples. The flunitrazepam group (n=10) was administered 0.1mg/kg flunitrazepam, and the control group (n=8) was administrated 0.25ml/kg normal saline. Adrenal venosus blood were collected at pre-administration of flunitrazepam or normal saline, 5, 15, 30, 50, 80, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes after administration. The epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) were extracted by absorption in Al_2O_3, and measured with a high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). The follwing results were obtained : 1. The EP and NE release into the adrenal vein decreased significantly after 0.1mg/kg flunitrazepam administration. 2. The EP secretion rate was 34.1±8.0 (mean±SD) ng/kg/min at pre-administration of flunitrazepam and decreased 7.3±6.6 (p<0.01), 9.0±8.4 (p<0.01), 12.4±9.7 (p<0.01) and 20.1±10.4 (p<0.05) at 5, 15, 30 and 50 minutes after administration. 3. The NE secretion rate was 4.4±1.3 (mean±SD) ng/kg/min pre-administration of flunitrazepam and decreased 1.0±0.6 (p<0.01), 1.4±0.8 (p<0.01), 1.7±1.1 (p<0.01) and 3.0±1.3 (p<0.01) at 5, 15, 30 and 50 minutes after administration. 4. The significant decrease of EP and NE release continued for 50 minutes after flunitrazepam administration. 5. MAP decreased significantly after flunitrazepam administration, but HR showed no significant changes. From the above results, it is supposed that flunitrazepam produces suppression of sympatho-adrenal function.

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ラットの三叉神経運動核(NTM)にhorseradish peroxidase (HRP)を注入し, 逆行性に標識されたニューロンの分布を顎運動制御との関連において研究した.注入したHRPがNTM内に限局していた場合下位脳幹部には多数の標識細胞が見いだされたが, 前脳部には標識細胞は見いだされなかった.HRPをNTM内と近傍まで注入すると両側の皮質顎運動野(JMA)に少数の標識細胞が見いだされた.左JMA摘除後主に対側NTM内と近傍に変性線維が見いだされ, その一部は三叉神経運動ニューロンに近接していた.また交叉前の同側錐体路にも多数の変性線維が見いだされた.中脳・橋では同側の三叉神経中脳路核, 両側の傍結合腕核を含む三叉神経上野と両側の三叉神経主知覚核と近傍の綱様体に標識細胞が見いだされた.延髓では両側の三叉神経脊髄路核と綱様体に標識細胞があった.脊髄路核ではより吻側で同側に多くの標識細胞があった.最も多くの標識細胞が巨大細胞綱様核の外側に接した両側の綱様体で舌下神経前位核尾端部から舌下神経核前部までの範囲に集中していた.舌下神経核の背外側近傍から内側楔状核の腹側近傍まで吻尾方向に長く続く標識細胞群が同側に見いだされた.

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AIDS is a special infectious disease which mankind had never anticipated. Though much interest in and concern over it were shown temporarily by reason of peculiar disclosures made about homosexuals, attention to the facts and menace of AIDS seems to be lessening gradually in Japan. Mankind have many infectious diseases, i.e. B-type hepatitis, AIDS etc.…, and a new one may appear in the future. The medical staff must keep this in mind and be prepared to prevent infection from all patients and all medical work in daily clinical work.

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