Using young adult dogs, the present author made a neuro-pathohistological study on the behaviour of the nerve tissues in the wounds created on the body of mandibular bone by surgical resection. Results were as follows : 1. The formation of the new bone was remarkable on the 7th day at the submucosal part and the part of the mandibular canal in the central side, and at the part of the mandibular canal in the peripheral side. 2. A primary degeneration of nerve fibers was observed on the 5th day in the inferior alveolar nerve and on the 3rd day in the central submucosal part and the bone marrow. 3. A secondary degeneration of nerve fibers was found as follows : In the inferior alveolar nerve, the formation of medullary segmentation was observed on the 3rd day, and at the cut-surface, the absorption and disappearance of medullary globules was observed on the 5th day. In the peripheral side, the formation of medullary segmentation and the medullary globules were observed a little. On the 14th day, multiplication of Schwann cells was found in all areas. At the submucosal part and bone marrow, the expansion of nerve fibers was observed on the 3rd day, and the degenerated nerve fibers was not found on the 5th day. The degeneration of the inferior alveolar nerve was invaded from the central side to the peripheral side. 4. The Schwann cell and the histocyte seemed to have had a part in the process of the degeneration, absorption and disappearance of nerve fibers. 5. The regeneration of nerve fibers in the resected part started by the 5th day and was remarkable at the central side. But, at the peripheral side only a little regeneration was found by the 10th day. Its difference suggested that the supply of the blood was the most important factor for regeneration of the nerve fibers. 6. The regenerated nerve fibers extended, begining on the 5th day, from the central cut-surface and reached the zone of the Schwann cell in the peripheral cut-surface on the 30th day. And on the 60th day, they were connected completely between the both cut-surfaces. The way of regeneration appeared to be a continuous one from the central side. 7. The regeneration of nerve fibers in the central cut-surface of the inferior alveolar nerve seemed to follow the usual pattern of the past reports. 8. On the 90th day after the surgical resection, the formation of the inferior canal was found histopathologically. And on the 180th day after the surgical resection the roentogenogram that seemed to be the regenerated mandibular canal was obtained at the part of the surgical resection.

抄録全体を表示

A variety of causes such as inflammation and tumors have been considered for osteosclerosis of human mandibles. However, histopathological studies on osteosclerosis, analysis of its genesis, developments, and state have not been made sufficiently. Consequently, some confusion in roentgenographic diagnosis cannot be denied. In order to ascertain the true state, the author made a comparative study of roentgenological and histopathological findings of the mandibles of autopsy cases. For the materials, 85 parts of 41 cases roentgenologically proven to be osteosclerosis, among 195 mandibles ranging in age from 13 to 83, were selected. Osteosclerosis was roentgenologically classified into diffuse type and localized types (L-1, L-2, L-3). All the specimens were undecalcified and comparison with microradiogram was made for each specimen. The results were as follows : 1. A large number of incidence of osteosclerosis was found in the middle and old ages of males. 2. Osteosclerosis was most frequently found in the premolar and molar regions. 3. Hypertrophy and proliferation of the cortical bone and trabecular bone were found, in agreement with the roentgenological osteosclerosis. 4. Microradiograms of sclerotic bone revealed low calcification. 5. There were no remarkable changes of the mandibular canals. 6. Osteosclerosis was histopathologically classified into inflammatory type and non-inflammatory type. Inflammatory type was subdivided into active inflammatory type and inactive inflammatory type. 7. Eighty-seven per cent of osteosclerosis revealed a close relation with inflammatory changes, and histopathological findings were as follows ; a. Fibrous changes and inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the bone marrow in and about the sclerotic lesions. b. New bone formation and bone resorption were observed on the surface of sclerotic bone. c. A variety of regressive changes of osteocytes (atrophy, swelling, clearing, disappearance of osteocytic process, necrosis), empty lacunae, and enlarged lacunae were very frequently observed in sclerotic bone. d. The matrix of sclerotic bone was stained deeply and irregularly. Lamella of sclerotic bone was irregular and vague. e. In the cases of inactive inflammatory type, inflammatory cell infiltration, new bone formation, and bone resorption were hardly observed. 8. Among the cases classified as non-inflammatory type, enostosis, exostosis, and cementoid mass were found. Roentgenologically, exostosis and cementoid mass revealed L-3 type and enostosis revealed L-2 type. Based on the foregoings, it may be suggested that osteosclerosis is of significance for defence and repair process of human beings and a considerable relation is found between roentgenological and histopathological findings.

抄録全体を表示

Chemotherapy for oral cancer is an important treatment method following surgery and radiotherapy. A speedy healing of wounds morphologically and functionally in the postoperative period is particularly desirable. On the other hand, an extended administration of anticancer agents is necessary for prevention of local recurrence and metastasis. In view of these, a histopathological investigation was conducted on the effect of Bleomycin and Mitomycin C on healing process of the bone defects experimentally made in the mandibular bones of domestic rabbits. For contrast, Prednisolon was selected. Each agent was administered by group in high-dose and in low-dose. The results were as follows : A. In the group treated with Bleomycin in high-dose (3.0mg/kg/day), a closer relationship to an increase in the amount of dosage and the number of administration was found in : retardation of appearance and proliferation of fibroblasts ; retardation of formation, proliferation, and maturity of granulation tissues ; and retardation of maturity of the newly formed bone trabeculae. However, no significant decrease in the degree of formation of the newly formed bone trabeculae was found in comparison with the Control group. Similar findings in a less degree were also found the group treated in low-dose (1.5mg/kg/day). B. In both groups treated with Mitomycin C in high-dose (0.5mg/kg/day) or in low-dose (0.25mg/kg/day), a closer relationship to an increase in the amount of dosage and the number of administration was found in : retardation of appearance and proliferation of fibroblasts ; retardation of formation, proliferation, and maturity of granulation tissues ; and a decrease in the degree of formation and retardation of maturity of the newly formed bone trabeculae. In the 20-times administered cases, in particular, transudation of erythrocytes through the blood vessels was found in places in the bone defect. In the group treated in low-dose (0.25mg/kg/day), no significant difference was found in comparison with the Control group, although a slight delay in healing was observed. C. In both groups treated with Prednisolon in high-dose (5.0mg/kg/day) or in lowdose (2.5mg/kg/day), a closer relationship to an increase in the amount of dosage and the number of administration was found in : retardation of appearance and proliferation of fibroblasts ; retardation of formation, proliferation, and maturity of granulation tissues ; and a decrease in the degree of formation and retardation of maturity of the newly formed bone trabeculae. These findings were more evident in the group treated in high-dose than in the group treated in low-dose. D. All of Bleomycin, Mitomycin C, and Prednisolon showed a retarding effect. The degree of delay in healing was in the descending order of Prednisolon, Mitomycin C, and Bleomycin. No peculiar histopathological changes were found in any agents or in any experimental group during the present experiment.

抄録全体を表示

The phenomenon of dimorphism exhibited by a number of species of pathogenic fungi has been well known. Candida albicans is one of the dimorphic pathogens which converts the yeast type cell into the germ tube-like filament (germ tube) in invading tissues. In order to study the pathogenicity and the mechanism of Candida albicans infection, the yeast type cells of synchronized growth were innoculated in proline medium to form the germ tubes in vitro, and the initial mechanism of the germ tube formation was investigated by electron microscope using various techniques. The results were as follows : 1. The initial appearance time and the rate of the germ tube formation are closely correlated with the cell size which may reflect cell maturation. The initial appearance in large cells is earlier than small cells and the rate of germ tube formation in the former is higer than in the latter. 2. The thickness of the germ tube wall is about a half of the yeast type cell's. The major part of the germ tube wall consists of the new layer, which is electron less dense, is formed between the inner layer and the cytoplasmic membrane of the mother cell. The electron dense outer layer of the mother cell grows over the germ tube as well, but the inner layer does not continue growing. 3. A great number of intramembranous particles and many invaginations are spreaded over the P. F. surface of the cytoplasmic membrane in freeze etching replica. The invaginations which exist on the germ tube are deformed and fewer than on the yeast type cell. The distribution of the particles becomes sparser toward the tip of the germ tube than that of the yeast type cell. 4. In the tip of the germ tube, the ER-derived vesicles become visible as membrane bounded circles with a diameter of about 100nm, containing some electron less dense granules. 5. With the commencement of germ tube formation, the membranous structures develop quickly, of which the elongating and dividing mitochondria and the lameller ER are found in the cytoplasm. 6. ATPase and acid phosphatase activities are demonstrated in the electron dense vacuoles in the cytochemical methods, which incorporate the phosphorus compounds. 7. As the yeast type cell evaginates, the electron dense vacuoles split and migrate toward the germ tube formation with vesicles, ER and mitochondria. During the development of germ tube, the vacuoles lose their electron density and become the empty structures.

抄録全体を表示

Sinuitis was experimentally induced in domestic rabbits with use of living bacilli of Staphylococcus aureus 209p and a chronological investigation was made of changes in the T and B cells in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes. Ratio of spleen wet weight to body weight was also determined and correlation between the ratio and the T and B cells in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes was examined. Furthermore, Mitomycin C was administered in peritoneal cavity during the course of sinuitis when the rates of the T and B cells in peripheral lymphocytes were on the rise, and the effect of Mitomycin C on the T and B cells in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes was studied. The results were as follows : 1. The rate of T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes reached a maximum on the 14th day after infection and that of B cells on the 21th day. 2. The rate of T cells in spleen lymphocytes reached a maximum on the third day after infection and that of B cells on the 21th day. 3. The ratio of spleen wet weight to body weight remained slightly higher than the averages of healthy rabbits until the seventh day after infection but was much higher on the 14th day. 4. Administration of Mitomycin C tended to reduce the rate of B cells in peripheral blood than that of T cells and the rate of T cells in spleen lymphocytes than that of B cells.

抄録全体を表示

As an effective means to make clear immune reaction of local tissue caused by oral infection, the clusters were formed between lymphocytes (T, B cells) and macrophage in vitro study, the macrophage was abstracted from the peritoneal cell of mouse. The immune cell of antibody response in the cluster formation was observed with time using fluorescent antibody technique and double stain technique in Auramine O. The results obtained were as follows : 1. It was confirmed by fluorescent antibody technique that the macrophage ate the endotoxin labeled by fluorescent pigment. 2. The cluster formation in cxamination group was 4 times in number compared with that of control group. 3. The number of cluster formation in examination group was 3.5 times in case of thymus cell compared with that of control group and 4.5 times in case of marrow cell. 4. The number of small lymphocytes decreased after antibody response, but the middle and large lymphocytes markedly increased. 5. The sensitization lymphocytes after 24 hours from the start of the cluster formation showed a gain of 11.2% in number in case of the fluorescent antibody technique and 11.4% in case of the double stain technique in Auramine O. On the contrary, the non-sensitization lymphocytes showed a decrease of 12.1%.

抄録全体を表示

The recent trend of dental caries of school children in Japan has revealed increasing smooth surface caries of early permanent dentition, especially of the upper incisors. Caries prevention of the upper incisors group is urgently needed for the task of the dental public health program. From the viewpoint of this trend, the author made an attempt to compare and evaluate the prevalence of dental caries between Japan and Taiwan, based on the retrospective epidemiological analysis. In this report, the data obtained from the dental survey of Taiwanese school children in 1966. The percentages of children and teeth with DMF (caries experience), DMFT Index were evaluated with the subjects of 1848 school children (Male : 957, Female : 891), aged 6-11, resided in Taipeh city. A comparable data of Japan in this study utilized the national caries surveys (report on the survey of dental disease, in 1963 and 1969) and Sakakibara's report (1958). As a result, caries prevalence of Taiwanese school children in 1966 was remarkably lower than that of Japanese school children in 1963. With respect to DMFT Index at 6 years old, Taiwan in 1966 was about 1/2 (0.36) of Japan in 1963. At 8 years old, that was about 1/3 (0.73) and 11 years old, about 1/2 (1.71) of Japan in 1963. Caries prevalence of Taiwanese school children was almost close to the prevalence of Japan in 1952-1953. To compare with annual sugar consumption per person as a epidemiological parameter between Taiwan and Japan, 11.5kg was in Taiwan at the year of 1966 and 10.1kg and 13.0kg were in Japan at the year of 1952 and 1953, respectively. From the results obtained in this study, it is suggested that considerable differences of intake habit of eating between-meals (snacks and beverages) affected on the caries prevalence comparing Taiwan and Japan, except for the factor of solely sugar consumption. Daily intake of eating between-meals in school children showed only 30.6% in Taiwan and the most favorite eating between-meals was snack without sugar and fruits.

抄録全体を表示

I made patho-historical experiments, using <I_3I_2|I_2I_3>^^^- of adult dogs, on effects on the pulp by different kinds of resin for filling, mainly about movement of the fibrous tissue. The results are as follows : 1. Three days later the cavity preparation reactive changes were remarkable, in the predentin right under the cavity floor the surrounding cells caused agglutination and odontblasts were found to be thread-like or rods of retina. There I observed vacuolar degeneration, atrophy and loss in the odontoblasts layer, and the pulp showed reticular atrophy. Tiny gitterfaster surrounding were usually separated into some parts irregularly, formed beads, swelled, or disappeared. Seven days later, I found many shapes of cells having big nucleus ; polygons, circular shapes and column-shapes. Three weeks later inflamatory in cavity preparation ceased to be. 2. After filling a cavity in the both cases Pile-A and Cosmic-the same result were found, and especially in the case of Cosmic as Cosmic Bond had been used nonactive monoma was shut out by bonding, which mainly worked. On the first day the pulp showed a comparatively slight change, but when three days or seven days passed vacuolar degeneration, atrophy and loss were observed in odontoblasts, and the pulp showed regression. Fourteen days later reparative dentin was remarkably formed, but sometimes it was not formed. The predentin right under the area where reparative dentin was formed, partly disappeared and the odontoblasts atrophed and disappeared too. The gitterfaster in this area was irregulared and shortened. The boundary between primary dentin and reparative dentin were recognized clearly as calciotraumatic line dyed by Hematoxylin. On the ninty-second day, the width of predentin in the reparative dentin area was kept average and thus odontoblasts showed regular disposition. When reparative dentin was not formed, the predentin, odontoblasts and the pulp right under the cavity floor were almost normal except one part. 3. In the examples of Epolite 100 and Adaptic, within 92 days restoration was not observed : three days later reactive inflamation became strong, predentin disappeared and odontoblasts showed vacuolar degeneration, atrophy and disappearanced, and as for the pulp expansion of blood vessels, congestion, inflamatory cell infiltration and hydrocyst and hemorrhagic lesion were found and reticular atrophy was partly observed. Upon the result, the parts of gitterfasters were decreased and cutted in pieces irregularly according to the degree of inflamation, and the other parts of gitterfasters were shorted, beaded and expanded.

抄録全体を表示

Determination and confirmation of vertical jaw relation (vertical dimension) at the time of full denture construction prosthesis is one of the most difficult steps. As a device for recording vertical jaw relation, the Tsubone's bite gauge has been in use at our clinic and good results have been obtained. The characteristics and usage of the Tsubone's bite gauge have been described in the present paper and examination has been made of the vertical jaw distance of individual normal occlusion and the measurement taken of the parts, deemed to be related, of the body. The examination indicated that the measurements were approximately the same for subnasal point-submental region distance at mandibular rest position, pupil line-oral fissure distance, and the left index finger length. The measurements did not vary much when they were taken by one and the same operator. The measurements however varied among different operators. Therefore, care must be taken on this respect in using the Tsubone's bite gauge.

抄録全体を表示

Flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory analgesic indicated for the treatment of arthritis was previously shown to be superior to aspirin for the relief of dental pain. An evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of preoperative flurbiprofen on the inflammatory pain in the pulpitis and apical periodontitis was undertaken in 29 patients in a open dose. Patients were given 40mg of flurbiprofen before the treat ment. Analgesic effect of this drug was examined before dosage, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes after dosage. Flurbiprofen decreased the inflammatory pain more effectively in 3.4% of the cases, effectively in 58.6%, slightly effectively in 34.5%, and none in 3.4%. A complaint of clinical side effect was sleepiness by one patient (3.4% of all cases). The results indicated that it is possible to lessen the inflammatory pain in the pulpitis and apical periodontitis by a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory analgesic such as flurbiprofen.

抄録全体を表示

A case of haemangioma was found growing in the central part of the upper lip of a six-month-old baby. Since the haemangioma of the soybean size was found at the age of four-month it grew rapidly and was still growing slightly. Therefore, total excision was performed. The tumor was excised and the surrounding tissues were sutured to form a better contour. After the operation, there were no apparent problems. The patient has been under periodical observations, and the prognosis is good. The histopathologic diagnosis was haemangioma simplex.

抄録全体を表示

Although the definition of the term "minor tooth movement" has not been clearly established, the description by Drs. A. Geiger and L. Hirschfeld in their Minor Tooth Movement in General Practice that "to move a few teeth slightly to bring them to the proper positions" seems to be most valid. Among the reports made to date on minor tooth movement, some are rather remote from the securing of an ideal occlusion, from the viewpoint of orthodontists. With a view to establishing an overall occlusion with one mouth one unit, through the period from the deciduous to permanent dentitions, in terms of the management of oral health, a method using minor tooth movement to achieve a better occlusion has been described in the present paper. In comparison with the major orthodontic therapy, minor tooth movement generally involves a slight degree of movement of a limited number of teeth. There is therefore a tendency to consider it as a relatively simple operation. Minor tooth movement however has its rightful place in the category of orthodontics. The fundamental principles involved in therapy are the same as for the major orthodontic therapy. An extensive knowledge of diagnosis, tissue reactions of organism, and biomechanics of orthodontic appliances is therefore essential in performing minor tooth movement. Proficiency in techniques is also naturally required. Consequently, advice of orthodontic specialists should be sought and attention must always be given to the new developments in orthodontics. In addition to satisfying the requirements for the operators, patients' understanding and cooperation must be obtained in order to make the therapy a success. For the maintenance of functional occlusion, teeth must be in the physiologically proper positions and the periodontal tissues supporting them must be healthy. For the purpose of achieving such an occlusion, minor tooth movement will be an increasingly necessary therapy in general clinical work in the future. Furthermore, the day will come when it will be one of the clinically required treatments.

抄録全体を表示