The author examined the effects of placenta-plasma on pyorrhea alveolaris. Thirty patients (15 males and 15 females) aged from 18 to 47 were selected after physical examinations, and they have not any diseases except pyorrhea alveolaris and dental caries. 2cc of placenta-plasma were injected intramusculary twenty times every other day. Local and general treatment for this disease were not otherwise employed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) After 20 injections of placenta-plasma, pus discharge and hemorrhage from gingival pockets decreased and became normal in all cases. 2) The pus pockets of 78 out of 266 teeth became 1mm or more shallower after 20 injections of placenta-plasma. There was no pus pocket that became deeper after treatment. 3) Swelling or edema, abnormal color of the gingiva and foetor ex ore decreased in all cases. 4) There was no remarkaable hyperplasia of margo alveolaris. 5) Before treatment, the percentages of alkaline phosphatase in neutrophilic leucocytes of patients were more than 80% in all cases and mean value was 90.0%. 6) After 10 injections of placenta-plasma, remarkable decrease of the percentage of alkaline phosphatase was observed. The mean 90.0 percentage of alkaline phosphatase became 50.8% (normal). 7) Observations of 26 cases at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3 years after treatment were, a) reformed conditions were continued in the above mentioned periods in 21 out of cases. 5 out of 26 cases recidivated slightly. b) the percentages of alkaline phosphatase were found normal in 18 cases, and those of other 8 cases were increased. c) the percentage of alkaline phosphatase in nentrophilic leucocytes in recidivated 5 cases were all increased. 8) Placenta-plasma was a promising and essential remedy for pyorrhea alveolaris.

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A survey was conducted on the occurrence of conical and dwarf teeth, Carabelli's tubercle and consanguineous marriage in a total of 11830 subjects of both sexes, aged 6 to 18 years and residing in the districts of Northern Kyushu, Kumamoto, Saga, Ohita and Yamaguchi. At the same time the frequency in the appearance of the recessive genes was also calculated following Weinberg and Dahlbelg's principle. The results were summarized as follows. 1) The rate of consanguineous marriage was higher in the rural than in the urban communities among the present districts, the total occurrence being 8.6% of which that of Yunoura, Yamaguchi Prefecture constituted the largest with 15%, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture the smallest with 5%. 2) The occurrence of conical teeth in the lateral incisors of upper jaw amounted to 2.0% in the offspring of consanguineous marriage and to 2.8% in that of heterogeneous marriage, suggesting no remarkable difference present there. 3) The occurrence of dwarf and conical teeth in the lateral incisors of upper jaw was much frequently observed in the female than in the male subjects. It was slightly more often observed in the consanguineous than in the heterogeneous marriage cases with values 5.7% and 5.2% respectively. The total occurrence was 5.3%. 4) The occurrence of Carabelli's tubercle was slightly frequent in the male than in the female. Its appearance in the consanguineous marriage cases was 14.6% and in the heterogeneous marriage cases 17.6%. 5) The gene frequency for the occurrence of conical and dwarf teeth ranged from 0.0495 to 0.0746 and for Carabelli's tubercle from 0.0539 to 0.1452, agreeing approximately to the values obtained by the present study.

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It has been present author's experience in the routine treatment of oral infectious diseases that the most frequent organisms encountered in the examination of certain cure-resistant diseases were those belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. Present knowledge of these organisms, however, seems to be very scanty so far as it concerned to the organisms to be found in the mouth and its environment. In view of this, a series of oral examination was undertaken on a total of 266 subjects consisting of healthy as well as patient individuals, and a total of 174 strains of corynebacteria was isolated from various sourses of the mouth for the subsequent microbiological study. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1) The sourses from which the total number of strains was derived were as follows : 36 strains from 53 saliva specimens obtained from healthy individuals (68%), 56 strains from 69 cases of periodontal diseases (72%), 34 strains from 67 cases of various abscess (51%), 36 strains from 47 cases of root-canal infections (77%), 14 strains from 20 varied cases of serious diseases (70%) and 4 strains from 10 cases of dental caries (40%) 2) These isolates permitted themselves to be divided into 8 groups according to their different behaviors in fermenting carbohydrates. 3) They were further studied for the cultural characteristics using a variety of media including Clauberg' medium, Arakawa's medium, Omagari's C. T. M. medium, Loeffler's blood serum, blood agar medium, Levinthal's liver agar, glycerin agar, agar-agar and glucose-agar, as well as for other biological characteristics. The results of this study led to further subdivisions for the 1st and 2nd groups of the organisms, the former being divided into three types, the latter into two. 4) Of totally 174 strains isolated 119 could be classified into known categories of the bacterial nomenclature ; in the 1st group, namely, there were 82 strains of C. pseudodipht heriticum, in the 3rd group 13 strains of C. hoagii, in the 4th group 8 strains of C. xerose, in the 5th group 5 strains of C. acnes, in the 7th group 10 strains of C. pyogenes and in the last group one strain of C. renale. The remaining 55 strains did not conform to any classification so far described and were regarded as unidentified species. 5) It was noted, however, that of these 55 strains, 20 from the 2nd group were characteristic in that they fermented only levulose, whereas 17 strains from the 6th group fermented glucose, galactose, mannose, levulose and saccharose. The latter strains had reasons to be regarded as identical with the species previously described by Takamoto et al. 6) Besides the routine cultural and and sugar-fermenting characteristics, attention must be called to the hemolytic activity as observed in some strains of 6th and 8th groups, because it has been generally believed that the corynebacteria from oral origin usually lacked this activity. These organisms developed hemolysis either on rabbit blood or on human blood or on both simultaneously, in each case with varying intensity according to difference from one strain to another. Gram stainiug reaction of all the isolates was generally stable and was of little use for characterization. All the members in the 7th group and a part of the 8th group developed gelatin liquefaction.

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The inhibiting substance of Bacillus subtilis, strain-Sb 2w against Candida albicans was best demonstrated when Sb 2w was cultivated in the infused solution with 12.5 per cent soybeans, containing 1.0 per cent soluble starch (pH 5.8), at 25℃ for 3 to 5 days. The inhibitory action of Sb 2w against C. albicans in the culture filtrate was stable against heat (100℃ for 10 minutes) at various pH, but it was inactivated after kept for 3 days in the room temperature. The inhibiting substance of this organism was not precipitated from the culture filtrate with acid, but it was able to obtained as the crude material by absorption method with active carbon, or to dissolved into organic solvents (acetone or methanol), from the culture filtrate. This crude material which was obtained from the culture filtrate of Sb 2w showed no toxicity for mice given 29 mg solution in 3 days 8 divided injection. The inhibiting action of this crude material was not inactivated by human's blood serum, as well as the haemolysis of rabbit's blood cell. Candida albicans acquired relatively slight resistance to inhibiting activity of Sb 2w after 7 transinoculation in the medium, containing crude material of the inhibiting substance, but this resistance of Candida albicans could easily be returned to the original sensitivity after 15 transfers in the same medium. The crude material of inhibiting substance was fractionated with paper chromatography, and inhibiting spot was found at 0.47 to 0.50 of Rf, and the spot on Millon's test was positive in various reactions.

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I extracted and purificated the cellural polysaccharide of seven species in genus Candida as following which they had been classificated by Martin et al. The isolation and purification of the polysaccharide of Candida has been accomplished by fractional alkohol precipitation, a method for following isolation of polysaccharide by Palmer & Gerlough. And the polysaccharides of Candida have been extracted that were indicated by their reactivity in their antiserums as measured by the quantitative precipitin test and as measured by the agglutination of the caolin particles coated with polysaccharides. These antigenically inert particles, such as caolin, have been used for agglutination test following sensitization of particles with a soluble antigen. Although antigen of this type are not always satisfactory due to a tendency to agglutinate spontaneously in saline solution or normal serum. Difficulty also may be experienced in securing a firm adsorption with some antigens. The results are summerized as follows : 1. The existence of species specificity was recognized in cellural polysaccharide of Candida as antigenical property. 2. The precipitin test of the polysaccharide solution to appears higher titer and sensitivity than when whole cells of Candida are used as antigen. 3. Agglutination of the polysaccharide sensitized by caolin particles showed higher specificity in antiserums of Candida than precipitin test of polysaccharide of Candida. And I observed the presence of optimal proportion in the mixture between caolin particles (0.2mg/ml) and the polysaccharide (10μg/ml). 4. I obtained best result in this serological reaction that when the polysaccharide sensitized caolin particles are used as agglutinogen and the antipolysaccharide serum are used as antibody compared with anyother serological reactions.

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Morphological observation and biometric measurement of the mouth and its periphery have been conducted on a total of 1232 subjects of both sexes consisting of grade school children and college students seven to twenty years of age. 1) The color of the lips measurement of the colors of the lips conducted according to the color table of the Japan Color Institute permitted us to divide them into seven shades of which No.1-16-7 was most frequent occupying 39.2 percent in the male, 35.5 percent in the female, followed by No.1-16-6 with 22.5 percent in the male, 17.9 percent in the female of the total. This means that lips with darkish red color occupied more than half of the total. 2) Degree of protrusion measurement of the degree of protrusion in the front view of the membranous lips revealed that the type of medium protrusion occupied two-third of the total, whereas thin type and thick type shared about equal halves of the rest. In the side wiew of the protrusion degree the type in which the maximum protrusion points of upper and lower lips fell on the same perpendicular occupied more than half of the total in both sexes of the subjects. Measurement of the protrusion degree of the cutaneous lips revealed that protruded concave and protruded straight types were most frequently observed both in upper and lower lips and occupied about one-third of the total in both sexes, whereas protruded convex type and retrograde type were rarely encountered. 3) The height of the upper membranous lip was 8.1mm in the male, 6.6mm in the female at the ages of 7 to 8, and 8.54mm in the female, 9.04mm in the male at the ages of 15 to 16, the male showing slightly large value compared with the female. The height of the lower membranous lip in the subjects 7 to 8 years of age was 7.61mm in the male, 7.22mm in the female, and in the subjects 19 to 20 years of age it was 9.38mm in the male, 9.17mm in the female, showing gradual increase with increasing age alike with the upper membranous lip. 4) The distances from Subnasale to the point where the tangent passing the highest point of the upper margin of the upper membranous lip crossed with the median sagittal plane were respectively 10.58mm in the male, 10.31mm in the female at the ages of 8 to 9, and these increased with age to reach 14.27mm in the male, 12.83mm in the female at the ages of 16 to 17 of the subjects. 5) The breadth of the mouth was 37.1mm in the male, 35.4mm in the female respectively, and these increased with increasing age to reach 47.0mm in the male, 35.4mm in the female at the ages of 19 to 20 of the subjects. 6) The maximum height of the opened mouth was 35.4mm in the male, 32.2 in the female at the ages of 7 to 8, and these increased with age to reach 43.0mm in the male, 33.9mm in the female. 7) Observation on the types of occlusion of the anterior teeth revealed that about 70 percent was occupied by those types which were reasonably included in the so-called normal occlusion, and about 15 percent was occupied by the overbite or incisal tip occlusion types, the contrary occlusion type being seen in the very small number. 8) The most frequent shade of the central incisors was of No.27, followed by those of No.35 and No.36 in this order and this was generally common in both sexes.

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The dental caries incidence among the pupils in a public school of Shimonoseki city for the year 1958 was observed on a total 1174 subjects consisting of 652 males and 522 females and ranging in age from 12 to 15. The data obtained there from were compared with those obtained from the pupils of a public school in Tokuyama city for the year 1956 and those from the pupils of a public school in Saga city for the year 1958. The results were summarized as fallows. 1) Average number of existing deciduous teeth The average number of existing deciduous teeth was slightly larger in the male than in the female pupils in Shimonoseki city. The number was, however, smaller than that for the comparable group of Tokuyama public school, and slightly larger than that for the comparable group of Saga city. 2) Average number of erupted permanent teeth (existing plus missed teeth) In Shimonoseki city the average number of erupted permanent teeth was slightly larger in the female than in the male pupils. But the number involving both sexes for the Shimonoseki public school was slightly smaller than for the comparable group of Saga city and larger than for the comparable group of Tokuyama city school. 3) Morbidity rate of permanent teeth The morbidity rate of permanent teeth for the female was slightly larger than for the male pupils in the Shimonoseki city school. The rate involving both sexes was larger in Shimonoseki city than in Tokuyama and Saga cities. 4) Average number of DMF The average number of DMF was slightly larger in the female than in the male pupils in Shimonoseki city, and also the number involving both sexes was larger in Shimonoseki than in Saga and Tokuyama cities. 5) Average number of filled permanent teeth The average number of filled permanent teeth was slightly larger in the female than in the male pupils in the Shimonoseki public school.

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Tokuyama City in Yamaguchi Prefecture is a famous industrial city, Kume is the suburb of Tokuyama city, Tonoi in Yamaguchi Prefecture is an isolated moutain village, Himeshima in Oita Prefecture, Nojima and Oshima in Yamaguchi Prefecture are respectively isolated islands. Biometric measurement of body length, body weight and chest girth of these children were carried out and the data were compared between these areas, the data in Tokuyama being taken as standard. 1. Body length and body weight Island>City>Suburb>Mountain Village 2. Chest Girth Island>Mountain Village>City>Suburb.

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