The activity of topical anesthesia for the needling pain of local anesthetic injection was examined by using visual analog scale in the eight healthy volunteers. Volunteers were applied topical anesthesia (5% benzocaine) or placebo at mucobuccal region of canine. The needling pain of local anesthetic injection was assessed at mucobuccal region of canine at 1.5 minutes after applying topical anesthesia or placebo. There were no significant differences between these two groups ; one was applied topical anesthesia, the other was applied placebo. We assumed that the time allowed from application of topical anesthesia to local anesthesia to local anesthetic infiltration was not long enough to cause differences.

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顎関節症患者の主要症状は咀嚼筋や顎関節部の疼痛, 開口障害, 関節雑音といわれており, 適確な診断を下すためには各症状についての診査が不可欠であり, 種々の診査法が使用されている.これらのうち咀嚼筋や関節包などの疼痛を診査する場合, 最も一般的な方法は術者の手指を用いて行う触診法である.しかしながらこの方法は, 手指圧の程度や加圧速度が完全に術者に委ねられているため, 術者間で誤差が生じ, 的確な診断を下すには不適と考えられている.今回, 術者による誤差を出来るだけ少なくして, かつ定量的に評価するために, 市販の加圧計を利用して圧痛閾値を計測し, この計測法の有用性について検討した.正常者20名および顎関節症患者16名の咬筋浅層部, 側頭筋前腹および関節包外側部に対して, 圧痛閾値を計測したところ, 顎関節症患者は正常者と比較して, 上記すべての部位において圧痛閾値が低く, とくに関節包については有意に低かった.また, 圧痛閾値には明らかに男女間に差が認められ, 咬筋浅層部では顎関節症患者においても正常者においても, 関節包外側部では顎関節症患者において, それぞれ有意差が認められ, 女性は男性より圧痛閾値が低いことがわかった.

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Diet therapy for debilitated bone of low aged children in particular among those in childhood is considered to greatly affect bone tissue at the growing stage. For this study, 3-week-old male Wistar rats corresponding to the weaning stage of human beings were used and diet therapy for debilitated mandibular condyle was carried out, and formation of bone matrix was investigated especially. The results were as follows : 1. Radiological and bone density findings : In diet therapy for debilitated mandibular condyle in the experimental group, as compared with the control group, bone construction in compactness and bone density of chondroitic layer and osseous layer excelled in the order of the control group, normal diet group, and high calcium diet group. Between the normal diet group and high calcium diet group, no significant differences were found. 2. Analytical findings on the X-ray microanalyzer : In quantitative analysis of Ca and P, relative Ca was higher in the control group, followed by normal diet group and high calcium diet group in the descending order. Relative P was in the descending order of the normal diet group, control group, and high calcium diet group. 3. Histopathological findings : Although the normal diet group and high calcium diet group, as compared with the control group, showed no changes in chondrocytes in the static zone, the chondroitic layer was wider, but chondroitic ossification and bone quantity were reduced greatly. Furthermore, the normal diet group and high calcium diet group, as compared with the control group, showed decrease in bone construction of chondroitic layer and trabeculae. 4. Scanning electron microscopic findings : In the normal diet group and high calcium diet group, as compared with the control group, chondroitic lacunae and bone lacunae on the surface of bone matrix fromation were incomplete. The high calcium diet group especially as compared with the normal diet group showed abundant distribution of collagen fibrills on the surface of bone matrix formation. On the basis of the foregoing findings the diet therapy for debilitated mandibular condyle was carried out, the normal diet group and high calcium diet group as compared with the control group showed decrease in the formation of bone matrix. Furthermore, the high calcium diet group as compared with the control group, showed decrease in the formation of bone matrix due to reduction in mineral content when excessive administration of calcium was maintained for an extended period.

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Kobeceram^[○!R](KC) has many characteristic advantages in chemical composition, shape, solubility behavior on the osteoconduction and stability of hydroxyapatite (HAP) granules, and is known to be useful for osteoplasty and dental implantation. In this paper mutagenicity and antigenicity of KC are described. A mutation test was carried out by observing reverse mutation with use of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, and 2-aminoanthracene was provided for positive control. Moreover, it was tried to develope active sensitization to KC and Sudan I, a positive control material, in guinea pigs by the adjuvant and patch test method. Then, neither mutagenicity nor skin sensitizing potential of KC was detected. From the above, it might be surmised that KC scarcely shows carcinogenicity and antigenicity in the humanbeings, even though much difficulty is pointed out in evaluating safety by extrapolation from bacterial or animal evidence.

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In a variety of human carcinoma, mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 protein occur frequntly and may lead to overexpression of a long-lived mutant form of p53 protein. Using specific monoclonal antibodies, a total of 53 oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of p53 protein. The results were as follows : 1) Expression of p53 protein was detected in 29 cases out of 53 cases (54.7%) of oral SCC. 2) In primary site, expression of p53 protein was frequently seen in tongue cancer (70.6%). 3) In oral SCC, there was no significant correlation between the expression of p53 protein and the stage of the disease, the TNM status. However, the incidence of p53 protein expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis. 4) In oral SCC, no correlation was seen between p53 protein expression and the histological differentiation, the mode of invasion. 5) Expression of p53 protein correlated with the grade of malignancy. 6) These results suggest that alteration of p53 gene appears common in oral SCC, and the p53 protein detection by immunohistochemically method was valuable for assessment of the early recurrence, prognosis of patients, and proliferative activity and more aggressiveness with oral SCC.

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A 37-years-old male was diagnosed as acute apically periodontitis of the left central upper incisor and was treated and administered an antibotics and an analgesics 2 days in advance by general practice. The pain of that tooth increased gradually, and he visited our hospital. While he was receiving root canal treatment, he suddenly felt a severe pain at that tooth. The pain was too severe for the patient to endure. The patient was injected infiltration anesthesia and the regional block of incisive foramen was done. The pain was abated a little but still unbearable. The patient was then given the regional block of infraorbital foramen and canal. The pain was relieved immediately. We assumed the pain was caused by increasing pressure in root canal and periopically region as a result of foaming rinse drug. For these pains at the upper incisor region, the regional blocks of incisive foramen, or infraorbital foramen and canal were very effective.

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It has often been said that success in any sphere of dental minor surgery depends upon a sound knowledge of fundamental principles of surgical techniques for dental surgeons. A study of this paper will provide an excellent refresher course for any dentist wishing to improve his knowledge of this subject.

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