The present study was performed to examine clinically and histopathologically the effects of maxillary expansion using the quad-helix appliance. Twenty seven young dogs were divided into nine groups of three dogs each. One group was used as control. A force of 600g was applied for expansion of the maxillary dental arch. Five groups were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after appliance insertion. Three other groups were sacrificed at 3, 4, and 6 weeks after appliance reactivation 2 weeks post-insertion. 1. At first the amount of maxillary arch width increased from 3 to 4 weeks after appliance insertion in the anterior area of the surviving dogs. But 5 weeks after insertion, the arch width of the posterior area was more expanded than that of the anterior area. 2. In comparison with the groups which were activated once, the amount of maxillary arch width was greater in the reactivated groups. 3. The quad-helix appliance caused wedge-shaped expansion of the midpalatal suture, with the anterior area more widely open as shown in the occlusal roentgenogram. 4. The histopathological examination of midpalatal suture was performed after maxillary expansion and tissue blocks were removed from the selected sites : the incisive area, maxillary area and palatine area. 1) The suture was separated but the sutural spaces were filled with newly formed bone, and the suture maintained its shape after maxillary expansion in all experimental groups. 2) In the reactivated groups, the new bone formation proceeded actively and the restoration of sutural area was satisfactory, although the amount of sutural expansion was greater than that of the singly activated groups. 3) In the incisive area, the histopathologic findings of both experimental groups indicated almost the same type of mechanical influences. 4) The maxillary area consisted of midpalatal, interincisive, incisivomaxillary and vomeroincisive sutures. The width of the sutural expansion was greater along the oral surface than along the nasal surface. In the singly activated groups, the expansion of each suture following new bone formation and restoration occurred very smoothly during all periods. But in the reactivated groups, in long range cases, the expansion of the midpalatal suture was greatest. Consequently bone formation in the maxillary area did not take place, in contrast with the singly activated groups. However, in the other sutures of the upper region, the restoration proceeded actively and the function and shape of the palatal vault were maintained by the compensating growth of the other sutures. 5) In the reactivated groups, the sutural expansion of the palatine area was slightly greater than in the singly activated groups.

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In order to make a radiological and histopathological investigation of radiation injury to jaw bones at growth stage, the region of left mandibular third deciduous tooth of young dogs were irradiated for 3, 000R with 200kVp X-ray. The results were as follows : 1. In the periodontal tissue of deciduous teeth, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the periodontal membrane on 12th day after irradiation. Thereafter, with progress in bone resorption, proliferation of cementum and alveolar bone was seen at 4th month. At 8th month, prolifered alveolar bone filled the periodontal membrane space and infiltrated into the region where root dentin was resorbed. Radiologically, this finding was shown as narrowing of the periodontal membrane space of deciduous teeth. 2. Resorption of deciduous teeth from the root apex, although slight, was seen at 4th month. At 8th month, resorption due to proliferation of the alveolar bone was seen markedly on the mesio-distal side of the root apex. Ankylosis of the proliferated alveolar bone and the deciduous tooth root was observed. This finding was thought to cause persistence of deciduous teeth. 3. As injury to the cortical bone, resorption in moth-eaten pattern and vacuolation or enlargement of bone lacunae were observed at 2nd month. At 4th month, however, resorption and vacuolated bone lacunae decreased and new Haversian system was also seen at 8th month. Radiological findings of coarsening and resorption were observed delayed when resorption in moth-eaten pattern appeared. When new Haversian system appeared, cortical bones appeared normal in radiograms. 4. As injury to the alveolar bone, radiological finding of irregular trabeculae was seen on 9th day and spotty bone resorption was seen at 2nd month. Irregular trabeculae was due to resorption of the alveolar bone. Spotty bone resorption image was the finding seen at the time bone resorption and new bone were observed concurrently. When new Haversian system was seen in the alveolar bone at 8th month, spotty bone resorption image became more marked. 5. Formation of fatty marrow began on 12th day after irradiation of bone marrow. About at 2nd month, fibrous marrow was observed and inflammatory cell infiltration was seen there. Resorption of bone trabeculae was due to appearance of osteoclasts and the appearance of osteoclasts was closely related with inflammatory cell infiltration. 6. As changes in the inferior alveolar artery, extension of elastic fibers and looseness of circular tunica media were seen between 1st and 4th month. At 8th month findings were nearly normal. 7. As injury to tooth germ of permanent teeth, hyper-calcification image resulting from early completion of calcification of dentin at the crown portion was observed. Root formation stopped at 2nd month. The root region was obstructed by osteodentin and root formation was no longer observed thereafter. On the basis of the foregoing findings, it was made clear that radiation injury to the jaw bones at growing stage was closely related with development of the jaw bones and teeth.

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Topographic anatomical study of the cranial base around the foramen magnum of 52 male Middle Kyushuites (9 in 20-29 year-old, 6 in 30-39 year-old, 11 in 40-49 year-old, 17 in 50-59 year old, 9 in 60 and older) was done from both the scopical and the metrical points of view. The data were obtained not only by the others' methods including the Martin-Saller's, but also by the author's own. The author statistically compared these data with those of the other Japanese local groups, Mongolians, Ainus, Germans and the French. Regarding the foramen magnum of the male Middle Kyushuites, the two-semicircular shape was observed most frequently, and this was the same as Germans. And the means of its length and its breadth were smaller than those of the Kantoites of Sudo (1952). The mean of the area of the foramen magnum was 827.6mm^2. The complete oval shape of the external orifice of the canalis caroticus occurred more frequently on the right side than on the left side. The complete bony bridging of the foramen jugulare tended to be more frequent on the right side than on the left side. And this was the same as the Kantoites. The double complete bony bridging of the foramen jugulare was observed on the left side of 48-year-old male. These divided foramen must be separately penetrated by the internal jugular vein, the glossopharyngeal n., the vagus n., and the accessory nerve, respectively. The cases of the bony bridging of the canalis hypoglossi of the male Middle Kyushuites were also observed and its frequency was lower than that of the male Ainu of Dodo (1974). The absence of the canalis condylaris was observed more in the male Middle Kyushuites than in the Ainu. The antero-posterior ratio of the double jugular foramen was 6.2, and the posterior part was larger than the anterior part. The antero-posterior ratio of the double hypoglossal canal was 2.3, and the posterior part was larger than the anterior part.

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A number of polyfunctional methacrylates and acrylates have been synthesized to find an improved monomer system for the dental restorative resin. However, there are many difficulties in the reasonable design of monomer structure and the determination of improved monomer system, because the relationship between chemical structure of polyfunctional monomer and crosslinking reaction is not well known. In this study, the relationship between monomer structure and crosslinking reaction was mainly investigated on five ethyleneglycol dimethacrylates, three alkyleneglycol dimethacrylate and two dental monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA). That is, the rate and extent of polymerization, the efficiency of crsslinking and the unsaturated double bond such as residual monomer and pendant double bond in the cured product of dimetha-crylates were studied. Homopolymerization of the dimethacrylates was isothermally carried out at 70, 80, 90, 100 or 110℃ under nitrogen and air atmospheres by using a DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter). Bis-GMA and UDMA were isothermally copolymerized at 90℃ with the ethyleneglycol dimethacrylates and the alkyleneglycol dimethacrylates in the nitrogen atmosphere. The residual monomer in the cured resin was extracted with methanol and quantitatively analysed by HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The results are summarized as follows : 1) The crosslinking reaction was mainly affected by the monomer structure, the temperature and the atmosphere of polymerization and the monomer composition in copolymerizasion. 2) In all of the dimethacrylates except for Bis-GMA, the reactivity of these monomer in isothermal bulk-polymerization varied with the chain length between two methacryloyloxy groups. That is, the extent of polymerization (Ep), the efficiency of crosslinking (Ec) and the rate of polymerization (Tp) increased, and the quantities of both the residual monomer (Rm) and pendant double bond (Dp) decreased, with increasing the chain length. 3) UDMA, TrEGDMA, TeEGDMA and NEGDMA containing a long aliphatic chain showed high Ep and Ec, low Rm and Dp, while the lowest reactivity was observed in Bis-GMA having bis-phenol A of a rigid frame work, among the dimethacrylates tested. 4) Polymerization of the dimethacrylates was inhibited by atmospheric oxygen, and the extent of inhibition increased with decreasing their chain length as well as their viscosity. And the inhibition by oxygen in the use of alkyleneglycol dimethacrylate was slightly stronger than that in ethyleneglycol dimethacrylates having similar chain length. 5) The reactivity in copolymerization varied with the monomer composition in many cases. However, in copolymerization of Bis-GMA with the dimethacrylates having the number of chain members less than eight, the reactivity was scarcely changed at Bis-GMA concentrations of more than 30 mol %. 6) TrEGDMA and TeEGDMA were found to be effective monomers for copolymerization with Bis-GMA or UDMA. 7) Unsaturated pendant double bonds were more abundant than residual monomers in each of the cured products, the former being two to five times of the latter in the homopolymer as well as in the copolymers. 8) In copolymerization, the monomer-ratio in the residual mixed monomers was nearly the same as the monomer-ratio first fed for copolymerization. 9) The glass transition temperature of the cured resin increased with decreasing the chain length between the two methacryloyloxy groups, and poly EGDMA and poly NPGDMA showed the highest glass transition temperatures among the cured products of dimethacrylates tested.

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An investigation was made on optimal condition for detection of complement 3 (C3) in rat serm by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. By box titration, dilution ranges of anti-rat C3 antibody, goat serum, and enzyme-linked anti-rat C3 antibody was decided. Anti-rat C3 antibody consentrations were 0.1μg/ml, 1.0μg/ml, 10μg/ml and 100μg/ml. Goat serum was diluted at 40, 200, 1000 and 5000 fold. Enzyme-linked anti-rat C3 antibody was diluted at 200, 400, 800 and 1600 fold. Using these diluted solutions optimal conditions were determind. Each well was coated with 100μl of diluted antibody solution (10μg/ml). The well plates were incubated at 37℃ for 15 h. Antibody coated wells were washed with PBS contained Tween 20 three times. Wells were coated with 100μl goat serum (1 : 200). The well plates were incubated at 37℃ for 2 h. Wells were washed with PBS-Tween 20 three times. Each of them was added with 100μl of rat serum that diluted form 1 : 800 to 1 : 200000. The well plates were incubated at 25℃ for 2 h. After that, each well was washed with PBS-Tween 20 three times Each well was added with 100μl of enzyme-linked anti-rat C3 antibody and incubated at 25℃ for 2 h. Wells were washed with PBS-Tween 20 three times, added with 100μl of the substrate solution, incubated for sixty minutes at room temprature and absorbance at 405 nm was measured using EIA-READER (BIO-RAD).

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顎口腔領域において, 良性あるいは悪性の腫瘍によって顎骨の切除を余儀なくされる症例は少なくない.このような症例では, 一般に骨移植による顎骨再建が行なわれている.しかし若年者では残存する健康骨膜よりの骨新生によって顎骨を再建することは十分可能であるといわれている.本教室ではかねてより, 術後の顎機能の確保, さらには機能的, 形態的に良好な顎骨の回復を画るために, 切除後に生じた骨欠損部に金属性組織内副子を補填し, 臨床治験を重ねている.今回, わたくしたちは14才, 女性の下顎骨に発生したエナメル上皮腫に対し, 下顎骨連続離断後, 本副子を応用し, わずか3カ月にして著明な骨再生によって良好な顎骨再建が行われた症例を経験したので報告した.

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A statistical investigation was carried out on 149 patients with cleft lip, jaw and/or palate who received treatment at Kyushu Dental College Department of Orthodontics during a 10 year period, form 1976 to 1985. The results were as follows : 1) 149 patients consisted of 86 males and 63 females. The sex ratio was almost 1.4 : 1. 2) By year, an increasing tendency for male was marked since 1983 which was the first year when the health insurance system was applied to the malocclusions caused by cleft lip, jaw and/or palate. The tendency for female was not marked. 3) By age, patients who received the first treatment at the age of 8 formed the largest group. And about 85% of the total were treated by the age of 12. 4) Of all patients with cleft lip, jaw and/or palate, the patients with cleft lip and palate accounted for 85.3%. The unilateral cleft was much more in number than the bilateral one. Especially in both cleft lip, jaw and palate and cleft lip and jaw, the left side accounted for twice as many as the right side. 5) By the Dental Age at the first treatment, stage IIIB accounted for 45.6% of the total. In the Angle's classification, cases of Angle class II were many and patients with cross-bite accounted for 85.9% of the total.

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In orthodontic treatment, patients with cleft lip and/or palate have the following difficulties as compared with non-cleft patients. 1. Anterior and posterior cross-bite due to collapse of the maxillary arch. 2. Poor growth of the maxilla. 3. Strain of the upper lip after surgical treatment. 4. Congenitally missing teeth, supernumerary teeth and transversion, etc.. Therefore, we examined two cases with unilateral cleft lip and palate and one case with bilateral cleft lip and palate who received orthodontic treatment at Kyushu Dental College Hospital. In all cases edgewise technique was used at final step of orthodontic treatment. These cases needed the lateral and antero-posterior expansion of the maxillary arch, the aesthetic and functional recovery by restoration for missing teeth, the permanent fixation against relapse or the secondary plastic surgery of the upper lip and nose.

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