Medicaments for endodontic treatment have strong disinfecting action, but they are irritating to living tissue and cause extensive and severe cellular injury. In pharmacological study there are few reports concerned with the relationship between their principal action and toxicities. In this study five preparations used for endodontic treatment, formalin cresol (FC), formalin guaiacol (FG), phenol camphor (CC), parachlorophenol camphor (PC) and phenol thymol (PT), were subjected to the examination of antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity and inflammatory potential. Liquefied phenol (P) was used as a standard substance for comparison. In the first study, the antimicrobial effect was tested on five kinds of strains by the paper disc method, and the diameter of inhibitory zone was measured. In the second study, the cytotoxic effect on L cell tissue culture system was tested, and 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth was examined. In the third study the inflammatory potential of rabbit dorsal skin was examined by Evans blue test and was evaluated according to the intensity of blue eruption formation and cauterization. The area of blue eruption was measured by a digitizing system of a personal computer. The results obtained from the above were as follows : 1. Inhibitory potency ratio on the area of inhibitory zone to P is 1.3-10 for FC, 1.2-10 for FG, 0.4-0.7 for CC, 1.0-1.9 for PC, and 1.2-3.2 for PT. 2. On the basis of 50% L cell inhibitory concentration, the comparative intensity of cytotoxicity is 16 times for FC and FG, 0.2 times for CC, 3.0 times for PC and 8.0 times for PT, as compared with P. 3. The ratio of the area of blue eruption to P was 1.2 for FC, 1.1 for FG, 0.4 for CC and PC, and 0.7 for PT. No cauterization was caused by the contacted with CC or PC.
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