Medicine is moving toward “personalized medicine,” which is a novel concept for cancer treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability (patient or tumor heterogeneity) in genes, lifestyle and environment for each person. However, there are several issues in the personalized medicine such as invasive biopsy, high cost and slow throughput for examination of gene mutations. Further, since tumors are heterogeneous, a small part of a tumor obtained by a single biopsy could not be reliable for the personalized medicine, and thus it could be difficult to carry out the personalized medicine in the cancer treatment. Therefore, radiomics concept has emerged for solving the issues and performing the “practical” personalized medicine. Radiomics is a novel field, which massively and comprehensively analyzes a large amount of medical images, and extracts mineable data that can make it possible to perform the personalized medicine. In this review paper, the authors describe what radiomics is, what radiomics can do, how to perform radiomics, advantages and disadvantages of radiomics, and the future of radiomics in cancer treatment.
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