This study examined whether (1) self-presentation of extraversion/introversion changes the presenter’s explicit and implicit extraversion and (2) the presence of an audience informed of the presenter’s personal information moderates the effects. Sixty-two participants were randomly assigned to four conditions: 2 (trait presented: extraversion or introversion)×2 (situation: presence or absence of audience). We conducted three-way ANOVA where the timing of measurement (immediately before or after self-presentation) served as a within-subject factor, separately for explicit and implicit extraversion as a dependent variable. Throughout the analyses, only the main effect of the timing for implicit extraversion was significant; self-presentation increased implicit but not explicit extraversion, irrespective of the trait presented or the situation. We discussed mechanisms underlying change in implicit extraversion and reasons for discrepancy from previous findings, especially the possibility that measurement immediately before self-presentation may have inhibited change in explicit extraversion.

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of identity in the relationships among the instability of self-image, self-focus, and psychological stress responses. University students and graduates were surveyed using a questionnaire to collect data. By performing structural equation modeling, the instability of self-image was found to enhance rumination and identity confusion, and both increased global psychological stress responses. Reflection strengthened identity synthesis and weakened confusion. While confusion increased psychological stress responses, synthesis only weakened apathy. A mediation analysis was performed with the same model. Identity was found to partially mediate the relationship between rumination and psychological stress response and completely mediate the relationship between reflection and psychological stress responses. Based on these results, it can be inferred that identity problem may lead to mental health problems caused by rumination and confusion stemming from the instability of self-image. Interventions targeting the instability of self-image and rumination may be effective in preventing mental health problems.

This study examined the degree of explanation of husbands’ support for their wives on the former’s subjective well-being via paternal involvement in childcare focusing on three preschool age groups (first child at ages 1, 3, and 5). Six hundred fathers were surveyed via the Internet, and the measurement invariance of each scale for the three groups was examined. A simultaneous multipopulation analysis of the three groups showed significant paths from “support for the wife” to “discipline” and “housework” but no significant paths from “discipline” and “housework” to “subjective well-being.” In addition, fathers of three-year-old children showed stronger paths from “support for the wife” to “psychological care” and “psychological care” to “subjective well-being” than those of the other two groups. Paternal involvement in child-rearing changed with the child’s development. In addition, the fathers’ subjective sense of well-being increased with psychological care for the child at around age three.

Researchers have defined privacy consciousness as the extent of awareness regarding privacy for the self and others. This study investigated the relationship between privacy consciousness and narcissistic personality—an exaggerated sense of self-importance. University students (N=155) responded to scales assessing privacy consciousness for the self and others. Additionally, scales were employed to assesses narcissistic tendencies, including hypervigilance and obliviousness. The results indicated that participants who scored higher on hypervigilance tended to report taking actions to preserve their privacy. Moreover, those who scored higher for both obliviousness and hypervigilance were less likely to act to maintain others’ privacy.

The study investigated the correlation between alexithymia, empathy, and emotion regulation strategies. Results of a questionnaire survey of 161 females indicated that those with higher affective alexithymia displayed lower cognitive empathy, particularly when employing a reappraisal strategy. The findings indicate that alexithymia is linked to reduced empathy toward others and one’s own emotional awareness. Therefore, emotion regulation techniques may be able to inhibit lower empathy associated with alexithymia. Future research should explore the link to psychological maladjustment and potential clinical applications.

This study examined the effectiveness of self-compassionate writing intervention as a preventive measure for eating disorders. The effects of the intervention were measured using scales of body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, self-compassion, and body appreciation. Participants in the analysis were 30 female university students randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the effects on the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction might exist. However, further examination in future studies is necessary to confirm these findings.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of psychological well-being (PWB) on the relationship between trait mindfulness and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). RNT is a common factor in several mental illnesses, and a high level of trait mindfulness is reported to reduce it. Moreover, trait mindfulness is reported to promote PWB, and PWB is expected to reduce RNT. Results of an online survey of 152 individuals and mediation analysis showed that PWB significantly mediated the relationship between trait mindfulness and RNT. The results suggest that trait mindfulness may reduce RNT by promoting PWB.

This study investigated the relationship between gambling addiction and the Dark Triad among Japanese adult gamblers. The study participants were 360 Japanese adult gamblers. They were asked to complete an online questionnaire measuring their Dark Triad traits and the level or degree of their gambling addiction.

The results showed that Machiavellianism and narcissism were correlated with gambling addiction among men, whereas psychopathy was correlated with gambling addiction among both men and women. These results are partially consistent with those of previous studies conducted with Western samples.

This study examined the impact of direct and indirect contact experiences with developmental disabilities on college students’ attitudes toward such conditions. A total of 185 students participated in this study, responding to a questionnaire and paper-format implicit association test. Multiple regression analyses revealed that direct contact with conditions such as social and institutional support, acquaintance potential, equal status, and cooperation, as suggested by the contact hypothesis, positively affected attitudes toward developmental disabilities. Conversely, direct contact without meeting those conditions negatively impacted these attitudes. Furthermore, the study revealed that certain indirect contact experiences positively influenced attitudes toward developmental disabilities.

This study aimed to examine the psychological processes that occur in the background of the tendency to prefer stylish masks under mask mandates by establishing a model that focuses on the expectation of psychological efficacy. A web-based survey of 447 adult women was conducted in February 2023. The analysis results showed that the cognition of psychological efficacy is associated with a preference for stylish masks. In addition, the desire for social approval related to the expectation of psychological efficacy. This process is similar to that of other types of personal adornment.

Using the self-determination theory as the basis, this study examined the differences in the effects of two modes of anger suppression—self-initiated and externally induced persuasion—on the subscale of anger rumination. Eighty-seven university students were first asked to recall hypothetical situations where angersuppression occurred and then complete a survey using the anger rumination scale. Results of multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that memory of anger was higher when the anger was suppressed due to external persuasion compared to scenarios where it was suppressed by the individuals themselves. Therefore, self-determination is an effective approach to anger suppression that does not contribute to an increase in experience