The current status and recent developments of human-machine interfaces, mainly for industrial process control, are reviewed. Traditional and more advanced levels of such interfaces are explained, such as the levels of presentation, dialogue, user model, technical systems model, task model, explanation, and justification. It is outlined that the specification of human-machine interface functions should be based on goals, means, scenarios and tasks. Further, the paper deals with such questions as which type of knowledge is needed for operation and design, how to represent it, where to get it from, how to process it, and how to consider and use it. The participative design approach as well as alternative software architectures and the reusability aspect are also mentioned.
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