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Volume 108 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 657-
- Issue 5 Pages 509-
- Issue 4 Pages 345-
- Issue 3 Pages 203-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 108, Issue 5
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Yoshiyuki KOIDE1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 509-536
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, some new scientific results on the origin of life have been reported. They have led to important discussions on the nature of life. Life, in this paper, means all living existence, which includes terrestrial, extra-terrestrial, present, and fossil organisms. A wide range of scientific fields such as astronomy, planetary science, meteoritic science, geology (paleontology), organic synthetic science, and terrestrial biology should reveal the origins of life. I extracted research results on the origins of life in these fields, and reviewed them.View full abstractDownload PDF (4532K) -
Masashige HIRANO, Kikuo TACHIBANA, Hiroyuki HASEGAWA1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 537-551
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCaissons bounding fill-lands were displaced largely by the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu earthquake. The direction and amount of lateral (seaward) bulging of the caissons along the north-western Osaka bay were obtained by photogrammetry of surface targets from Ashiya-hama to Nada-hama with an accuracy of less than 10 cm for the horizontal displacement. The displacement vectors show a definite and systematic drift form the outward normal to the shore line, and the drift is explained by the superposition of the regional tectonic movement on the original lateral movement. The tectonic vector was so obtained that shearing components along a given set of caissons are given simultaneously. The tectonic movement obtained is SW-directed at the south-east side and NE-directed at the north-west side of the south-western extension of the Koyo fault recognized in the Rokko and traced by right-lateral off-sets by the earthquake. Direction and magnitude of the detected tectonic vector are in harmony with that given by the systematic displacement of the piers supporting the Hanshin Expressway (Route 5) at the south-eastern side of the fault. The amount of the tectonic vectors ranges from 20 cm to 40 cm. Changes of the amount due to the distance from the fault gives the fault parameters based on the dislocation model for strike-slip fault, and the fault from 3 km to almost 0.1 km in depth with the right lateral off-set of 1.6 m can bring the displacement field obtained here at the water-front. Nevertheless, further precise measurement and investigation are required for a more exact determination of the fault parameters.View full abstractDownload PDF (2385K) -
Yoichi KAGEYAMA, Makoto NISHIDA, Noboru HIDA1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 552-561
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper analyzes landcover in the Amazon using local fractal dimensions in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data compared to SAR and Thematic Mapper (TM) brightness information. To improve SAR data classification accuracy, we apply local fractal dimensions to classifying water areas in the Amazon.
SAR, unlike TM, cannot distinguish water types. Local fractal dimensions in SAR data classify two landcover classes-várzea and others-that SAR brightness information cannot classify. Local fractal dimensions also extract detailed landcover at data acquisition more accurately than TM brightness information. The estimation ratio of the water-1 & water-2 in two study sites is about 34.2% using local fractal dimensions in SAR data.View full abstractDownload PDF (9646K) -
Excavation Study of the Kitatake Active Fault at Nagasawa, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, JapanArata SUGIMURA, Masaru SAITO, Masami TOGO, Yasutaka IKEDA, Yasumitsu K ...1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 562-588
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Kitatake fault is the major fault of Kitatake fault zone, WNW-ESE striking across the Miura Peninsula, south of Tokyo. The Kitatake fault zone is almost parallel to Kinugasa fault zone (north) and to Takeyama fault zone (south). All of these fault zones are active and show right-lateral slips inferred from geomorphic features. The eastern half of the Kitatake fault delineates the boundary between Zushi Formation (Late Miocene) in the north and Hayama Group (EarlyMiddle Miocene) in the south and shows south-facing scarps probably owing to the resistant Zushi Formation.
We carried out observations in 1994 and dating in 1995 with three trenches, one being 9 meters deep, on the unconsolidated Holocene sediments along the Kitatake fault. We obtained 36 dates from 33 samples.
The latest episodic slip along the fault seems to have ocurred at about 1, 440 yBP (14C), that is A.D. 600650. The ratio of the horizontal component with the vertical one may be about 2.04.2. The amount of the latest episodic slip is not certain, but might be in the order of meters.
Another episodic slip prior to the latest one probably occurred at least before 3, 070 yBP ( 14C).View full abstractDownload PDF (3878K) -
Isamu TOYOKURA, Atsumasa OKADA, Takeshi MAKINOUCHI, Yoshio HORIKAWA, J ...1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 589-615
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConstruction of the Chubu International Airport has started off Tokoname City (Chita Peninsula) in Ise Bay. Various surveys such as bathymetry, seafloor drilling, sonic prospecting, and geologic examinations of recovered borehole core samples, have been performed to reveal soil engineering characteristics, submarine topography, and submarine geology at the airport site (Chubu Kuukou Chousakai=The Chubu International Airport Research Foundation, 1994). Many fruitful results on the submarine geology have been obtained in these surveys, as follows :
(1) The submarine topography is divided into the inshore “Upper submarine terrace”, “Offshore gently sloping sea floor”, and “Submarine scarp” between the two. A submarine channel is trenched southwards on the inshore submarine terrace.
(2) The bay area is underlain by the A, B, C1, C2, and T Formations, in descending order. The T Formation is Mio-Pliocene Tokoname Group, the basement of the bay area. The Tokoname Group forms a buried wave-cut platform of a peninsular shape, which extends southwards. On the east side of the peninsular wave-cut platform, a submarine buried valley stretches southwards under the submarine channel and is mostly filled with the A Formation. On the west side of the wave-cut platform runs the Ise Bay Fault, and the A, B, C1, and C2 Formations thicken offshore.
(3) The A Formation, which is divided into the A1 (upper), A2 (middle), and A3 (lower) Members, consists of marine muddy strata of the present bottom surface and is correlated with the Nanyo Formation below the Nohbi Plain (north of the Ise Bay). The A Formation is 25 to 35 meters thick, and the 14C ages range from 9, 400 to 5, 200 y. B.P. of Holocene age.The A3 and A2 Member intercalates the U-Oki and K-Ah tephra, respectively, both are widespread tephra layers in Japan.
(4) The B Formation, which is divided into the B1 (upper), B2 (middle), B3 (lower), and B4 (base) Members, consists of sand beds and gravelly beds. The B1, B2, and B3 Members are correlated with the Nohbi and First Gravel Formations below the Nohbi Plain, respectively. The B4 Member forms a buried terrace on the west slope of the peninsular wave-cut platform and is correlated with the Toriimatsu or Ohzone Formations, Lower Terrace Deposits in the eastern margin of the Nohbi Plain. The B Formation is of late Pleistocene age.
(5) The C1 Formation consists mainly of marine clay beds about 40 meters thick. The fossil pollen composition indicates that the C1 Formation is correlated with the lower part of the Atsuta Formation in the Nohbi Plain and is of middle Pleistocene age.
(6) The C2 Formation consists of sand (upper) and gravelly (lower) beds and exceeds 50 meters thick. The fossil pollen composition indicates that the C2 Formation is correlated with the Ama Formation below the Nohbi Plain and is of middle Pleistocene age.
(7) The basement T Formation (Tokoname Group) consists of alternating sand and compact mud beds and intercalates two volcanic ash layers, which are correlated with the Souri (upper, Sr) and Higashitani (lower, Hg) Volcanic Ash Layers from the conformity in index of volcanic glass. The Souri and Higashitani V. A. Ls are intercalated within the upper horizon of the Tokoname Group in the Chita Peninsula.
(8) The Ise Bay Fault (faults and flexure zone), trending in the NNW-SSE direction, extends in the western margin of the bay area. The Tokoname Group on the east side of the fault trends northwest and gently dips northeast. The Utsumi Fault, trending in the WNW-ESE dircction, extends in the southern margin of the peninsula.
The geological relationship between the Chita Peninsula and airport site in the above-mentioned results brings the following problems for further study.View full abstractDownload PDF (3990K) -
Yugo NAKAMURA, Kazuomi HIRAKAWA, Takashi NAGANUMA1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 616-628
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEleven marker tephras were found at and around a famous paleolithic site in the Shirataki Basin, eastern Hokkaido. The following conclusions are the result mainly of a petrographic analysis, i.e., ratio of glass and minerals, composition of heavy minerals, shape of volcanic glass, and refractive indices of glass, orthopyroxene and hornblende.
1) Three widespread tephras were identified in the Shirataki Basin; Tarumae-a pumice (Ta-a) that erupted from Tarumae volcano, western Hokkaido at 1739AD, Kussharo-Shoro ash (Kc-Sr) that erupted from the Kussharo caldera, eastern Hokkaido at ca. 32ka, and Shikotsu-1 pumice (Spfa-1) that erupted from the Shikotsu caldera, western Hokkaido at ca. 40 ka.
2) Shirataki-1 pumice (Sit1) is identified with Daisetsu-Ohachidaira pumice (Ds-Oh). Ds-Oh erupted from Daisetsu volcano, central Hokkaido, prior to the eruption of a large pyroclastic flow associated with the formation of the Ohachidaira caldera at ca. 30 ka. Sit1 =Ds-Oh spread widely in the Shirataki Basin and shows a horizon just below the Shirataki stone implements. Thus Ds-Oh must be an important key bed for correlating and chronologically arranging paleolithic cultures in the eastern Hokkaido.
3) Shirataki-5 pumice (Sit5) overlies the middle terrace surface in the Shirataki Basin. Sit5 is identified with Toetoko ash (TT) distributed around Lake Saroma. On the basis of stratigraphy by means of pyroclastic flow deposits from the Kussharo caldera and palynological evidence, Sit5=TT seems to be dated back to 150-200 ka. Sit5 is probably distributed in the wide area of the Okhotsk region of Hokkaido. Although the source vent has not been determined yet, Sit5 should be a valuable marker tephra indicating the Middle Pleistocene.View full abstractDownload PDF (1800K) -
Masaki ISHII, Takashi KOAZE1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 629-637
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of collapses, landslides, and debris flows occurred in the Himekawa river basin, in the northeastern part of the Japanese Alps, caused by an intense rainstorm (814 mm/2 days) on 11 and 12 July 1995 after the long periods of rainfall. A debris flow induced by failures of late glacial moraines at thresholds of two cirques traveled down into the Shirouma-daisekkei valley, a tributary of the Himekawa river in the midst of the rainstorm. The debris flow deposits (2, 200 m in length, 80 m100 m in width, 2.5×104 m3 in volume), covered the large snowpatch remaining on the valley bottom, and a longitudinal trench was formed at the center of the snow patch by debris flow. The moraines had been saturated with a large quantity of precipitation during the rainy season and snow meltwater in early summer, followed by the large volume of water of the rainstorm. Consequently, a voluminous discharge concentrated on the cirque floors, and rushed out to the moraines of the cirques, causing their collpse. The frequency of such an intense rainstorm in the area is considered to be once in two hundred years, therefore, the volume of moraine failures induced by intense rainstorms can be estimated to be more than 1×106 m3 during the Post Glacial period. This kind of moraine failure plays an important role in the degrading processes of Pleistocene glacial landforms located in the upstream of the glaciated valleys in Japan, because of its rainy and snowy climatic characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (1607K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 638
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 639
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 640
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 640a
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 640b
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages 643-649
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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[in Japanese]1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages Plate1-Plate2
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Masaki ISHII, Takashi KOAZE1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages Plate3-Plate4
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Arata SUGIMURA, Masaru SAITO, Masami TOGO, Yasutaka IKEDA, Yasumitsu K ...1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages Plate5-Plate7
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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Yukio ISOZAKI1999 Volume 108 Issue 5 Pages Plate8
Published: October 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: November 12, 2009
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