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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: March 31, 1981
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Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
App1-_362_
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Article type: Index
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Kojiro KAWAKAMI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
363-372
Published: March 31, 1981
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The purpose of this article is to formulate the profit-yielding systems of enterprises to cope with possible changes in sales arising from the fluctuations of economic circumstances. Beginning with conducting the correlation analysis of the Sales Recurring Profit Ratio and the Profit-Yielding Constitution, it constructs the profit models under a systems-thinking theory, in which the concept "Management Efficiency" and the changes in sales are included as the appraisal standards of efficiency and as the inevitable conditions in the management activities respectively. The equations are not only of the Sales Recurring Profit Ratio but also of the Opetating Earning Rate. In connection therewith, some working tables and calculating diagrams are developed and exemplified for facilitating the programming of Profits-Planning as well as of Profit-Yielding Constitutions Improvement.
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Takao ENKAWA, Toshiyuki ADACHI, Masao AKIBA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
373-380
Published: March 31, 1981
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Consumer's value for product quality may be determined by the trade-off of both benefit and economic expenditures such as acquisition cost. To put this concept in a business firm's operational strategy, we estimate quantatively consumer's benefit as the utilities decomposed to physical characteristics of product quality and further decompose consumer's acquisition cost to the same level from the prices of existing products. Thus we propose an approach to set up quality and cost objectives using the relation of the both. Further we take motor cars, one of the most representative durable consumer goods, as an example to verify this approach.
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Hitoshi TSUBONE
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
381-386
Published: March 31, 1981
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We design adequate buffer capacity which is able to prevent both the decay of raw materials and the shortage of final products in the seasonal production system. The production is carried out, where a switch is triggered from one production level to another by opening or closing the facilities which have different processing types. From the result of the experiment conducted under the proposed production planning rule, we have acquired the basic data which indicate the relationship among such factors as, (1) capacities of the store facilities where the raw materials can be held for a short time, (2) manpower, and(3) the level of initial product inventory at the end of the previous year.
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Saburo TENDA, Yoshitaka NAGAI, Tetsuro SHINGU
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
387-394
Published: March 31, 1981
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The main purpose of our study is the establishment of the design manipulation on effective work groups which are fomed by the use of some sets of similar entities, i.e. "similar types of entities." Then a rational method to construct the similar types of entities and a new factor for dealing with these similar types as a variable are indispensable for it. This paper states the meanings of the "MC factor" which is introduced as the new factor, and a construction procedure of the similar types of entities is suggested as a way to determine the MC factors.
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Haruki MATSUURA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
395-399
Published: March 31, 1981
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This paper deals with a push-type multi-stage production control system in which the forecast demand in a stage is equal to projected consumption in the succeeding stage. Conclusions are as follows : (1) the above-mentioned reorder procedure is identical with the rule that minimizes inventory fiuctuations in the preceding order of production processes and (2) the amplitude of manufacturing-order fluctuations in the preceding stage is greater than that in the succeeding stage. A new reorder rule is also proposed which is able to control manufacturing-order fluctuations.
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Eiichi KOYANO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
400-403
Published: March 31, 1981
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This article describes the relationship between the rate of the pulse speed and the nember of clerical errors using the result of the experimental analysis, with a view to view quality control methods in the office. The new methods as able to nip the clerical errors of the office work in the bud, using a physiological index. From the result of a typewriting experiment using 20 persons, this study found that the number of errors in typewriting on every line is correlated inversely with the coefficient value of the pulse speed rate in 1% significance. The reason can be explained by the knowledge and experience mentioned in Part I of this study, that is, the clerical errors often happen because clerks lack seriousness. According to this experimental result, the new quality control methods for office works can be developed using the coefficient value of the pulse speed rate.
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Shusaku HIRAKI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
404-410
Published: March 31, 1981
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The purpose of this paper is to show a practical procedure for evaluating economy of the multiproduct production system.Under the consideration of capacity restrictions of the system, such as man-hours available, machine-hours available, and the like, tke problem of obtaining the optimal operation planning which minimizes semi-variable costs is formulated. Then, mathematical relationships among the production volume (man-hours required), costs and profits are provided, Finally, the procedure for evaluating economy of the system, that is, how to achieve goal profits, is proposed and a numerical example is presented to explain the procedure proposed.
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Tatsuo NISHINO, Shigeru MASATO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
411-417
Published: March 31, 1981
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In this paper, "a new approach" for job design is proposed. This new approach is a method for integrating "play" and "work", the purpose of which is to improve worker's motivation and perfomance by applying "playful factors" to the job design.First, the 11-factors that will be able to integrate play and work are extracted from a play-work continuum, and 5-type job structure models are set on this continuum. Next, the psychological effects of each job model on workers are examined through a laboratory experiment.The relative weight of each playful factor is analyzed by a multiple regression analysis. The main result of this experiment indicated that the jobs nearer the pole of pure play structure increased more the positive feeling of workers.Further, the result of the multiple regression analysis has shown the importance of "inner purpose" that is one of the motive factors of workers.
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Masao SENGA, Ichiro NAMEKAWA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
418-423
Published: March 31, 1981
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Consumer=citizen behave themselves in societal place, and strive for satisfying their multiplicate needs and wants. In this article, we intend to examine the niche of corporate behavior to consumer behavior on the basis of the societal orientation which is defined under the recognition of societal place connected with market place. And we try to clarify some points experimentally in promoting the societal-criented corporate behavior, with stress laid on the quality of consumer satisfaction of which supply holds the key of this oriented concepts.
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Sadao KATO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
424-427
Published: March 31, 1981
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This report describes the results of a fundamental experiment for the purpose of developing a method to measure the office work load by the handwriting pressure. In this experriment, three tasks i.e. the posting, the mental arithmetic and the calculating machine operation were assigned to 12 subjects, and the handwriting pressure of each subject was measured berore and after each task. The rates of differences of the handwriting pressure obtained through the experiment have been statistically analyzed. As the result, it is concluded that the rates of differences are positive values in the posting task that is thought to give more physical load whereas they are negative in the mental arithmetic task that will give more mental load. In addition, the rares of differences in the calculating machine task have shown intermediate values between the afore-mentioned two values. This result can provide an important clue to develop a method that measures the office work load.
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Koichi ARIMA, Sennosuke KURIYAMA, Takio SHIMOSAKON
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
428-433
Published: March 31, 1981
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Recently, some studies taking account of the substitutional characteristics among commodities have been made in the field of the multi-commodity inventory system. These studies have assumed that the seller can not control the customers' substitutional purchasing action. Therefore, the substitutional sales promotion has not been studied for the purpose of increasing the profit and improving the service ratio. In this study, it is assumed that the seller can control the customers' substitutional purchasing action by means of price discount. And the optimal price discount rate is obtained for the customers' various substitutional purchasing actions so as to maximize the total expected profit. Consequently, the sellers' profit is increased and the service ratio is improved.
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Shigeyuki NAKAI, Sukeo YOSHIDA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
434-440
Published: March 31, 1981
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The most important in the layout within work center areas are the principles of moniton economy, especially the principle of easy reach to materials and tools. This study is concerned with manual operations with work benches. The results of the experimental study on the feeling of handlingness for materials placed in many different positions on the top of the work bench are described. Further, the characteristics of the proposed method are compared with the current method.
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Takashi SUZUKI, Satoshi TANGE
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
441-447
Published: March 31, 1981
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By a comparative study of some pioneer works, "a system description" as a synthesis is suggested here. Thereby, a logical systematic method is applied for the purpose of probation and comparison, based on some grounds, of given propositions in pioneer works' methods. Further, we refer to "design process" with its model as a framework.
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Haruki MATSUURA
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
448-453
Published: March 31, 1981
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This paper deals with multi-stage manufacturing-order systems in a make-to-stock company. Primary requisites to be a usable manufacturing - reorder rule are as follows : (1) to react repidly to changes of a product - demand level and (2) to lower manufacturing-order and inventory fluctuations resulting from those of product demand. A guideline for the selection between a centralized and a decentralized type manufacturing-reorder rules is presented from the standpoint of the above-mentioned two requisites.
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Yoshiharu FUJIMOTO, Yoshizo TONOKI
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
454-458
Published: March 31, 1981
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In this paper, the order of central goods is mathematically analyzed in connection with the agglomeration economy. The rate of profit is introduced, and the results of detailed analyses of the order of central goods are presented. Finally, there is some discussion of the industrial lcoation in view of these results so far obtained.
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Toshio UENO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
459-464
Published: March 31, 1981
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In this paper, a design of the optimum buffer stocks in group-oriented flow line that has seen developed to eliminate the balance loss and the down of morale in common flow line is considered from the viewpoint of its effective application. As the result, a theory of the optimum buffer stocks that minimizes the loss is suggested based on the relations between the extent of eliminating the balance loss and the downs of the work efficiency by making buffer stocks. A theory that introduces this result relating to the spatial maximum stocks in each station is also suggested.
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Shinji NAGAO
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
465-469
Published: March 31, 1981
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: March 31, 1981
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Article
1981 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages
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