Callus formation and organ differentiation were studied in tubular florets cultured in vitro of chrysanthemum and cineraria. The basal medium was the one modified from Murashige and Skoog (1962). Callus formation and organ differentiation varied according to combinations and concentrations of growth substances. One of the best media for plantlet induction contained 10^-7M 2, 4D in combination with IBA, IAA and 6-BAR of each 10^-5M. Cultivar differences in callus differentiation were observed. One cultivar exhibited mainly root differentiation and other cultivars produced leaves and stems. 6-BAR pretreatment for cut shoot promoted callus development of florets and stimulated root differentiation in medium containing only IBA or IAA. Plantlets differentiated from callus subcultured in a medium containing 10^-5M each of IAA, 6-BAR and inosine and lacking 2, 4D. However, though callus development was promoted, no differentiation of organs was observed from callus subcultured in a medium containing 10^-5M each of 2, 4D and 6-BAR. However individuals of chrysanthemum derived from culture showed usual chromosome counts, few exceptional variations in leaf shape and flower color had appeared.

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From the genetic studies, it has become clear that the specific structures of the O antigens of 13, 22 or 13, 23 (group G) with blood group H activity, 40 (group R) with A, 43 (group U) with B and 4, 12 (group B), that is, the structures of the S-specific side chains, are determined at a gene locus (the O locus) close to the his locus in Salmonella.
Phage P22 (iota) can produce the O antigen 1 only in an organism in which the O antigen 12 is manifested.

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Fibroin and sericin extracted from the lumen of the middle division of silkgland in the two mutants, naked pupa (Nd) and sericin-cocoon (Nd-s), were examined on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing 8M urea, and the existence of different components in fibroin and sericin was demonstrated with the reduction of disulphide bonds. Proteins from the larval silkgland of the two mutants contained a small quantity of a fibroin fraction migrating with slower mobility than the light fraction of fibroin from a normal gland. The silkgland of Nd-s mutant contained a large quantity of a rapidly migrating component of sericin which is absent in the secretion from normal glands. However, the sericin extracted from Nd-gland consisted of the similar fractions as obtained from the normal gland.

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An olfactory mutant of Drosophila melanogaster has been isolated. In 97 chemicals examined, the mutant is strongly attracted by 18 chemicals repllent to parent strain: These are salicylaldehyde, morin, maltol, kojic acid, methyl acetoacetate, 2, 4-pentanedione, benzoylacetone, 2, 3-butanedione, six carboxylic acids and four aliphatic monoketones. These chemicals except four monoketones contain a molecular feature as the ‘bifunctional unit’ consisting of a proton-acceptor (A) and a proton-donor (D) in gas phase, showing an average A-D distance of about 3Å.

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Thirteen electrophoretic variants of esterases in Drosophila virilis, 9 of which controlled by Esterase-α locus and the others by Esterase-β locus respectively, have been partially purified and characterized biochemically. Enzymes purified by column chromatographic techniques from each stock were free from all other esterases on agar gel electrophoresis but contained a little amount of other proteins. α-esterase utilized both of α- and β-naphthyl acetates at the same extent, while β-esterase did not utilized the α-substrate. Both esterases were more strongly inhibited by DFP than by eserine. PCMB inhibited greatly the activity of α-esterase (80.1% by 10^-4M) but not that of β-esterase (7.6% by 10^-4M). EDTA did not have any effect on either of α- and β-esterases. The inhibition by PCMB of α-esterase was in part due to the action on -SH group involved in the active center. Generally speaking, the optimal pH of α-esterase was slightly lower than that of β esterase. β-esterase was more unstable than α-esterase by the heat treatment at 60°C. Molecular weight of α-esterase was estimated as 75, 000 and that of β-esterase was as 140, 000 by method of Sephadex gel filtration. Isoallelic variants of the esterases were very similar, there being no significant difference among them in substrate specificity and in molecular weight. However, there were differences in inhibition rates by DFP and PCMB, in optimal pH and in resistibility to treatment at 60°C.

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The genetic determinants of O antigen 5 of Salmonella group B may be situated near his and not far from met locus, and can express its action only in an organism in which O antigen 4 is also manifested. On the other hand, the genetic determinants of O antigen 4 of Salmonella group B and 9 of Salmonella group D are found to be situated on the O locus near his and to be probably allelic. The genetic determinant of O antigen 5 is at least outside the range of cotransduction by use of P22 (iota) phage with his⁺ and O-4.

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カイコの第8環節の亜背点にある星紋を, その前後の環節に重複して発現する多星紋の5系統を用い, それらの発現度に対する胚期の保護温度の影響を調べるとともに, その影響時期を究明し, 低温および35°Cの作用機構について考察を行なった.
1. 多星紋の発現度は胚期における保護温度の影響を受け, 15°C催青で発現度の高くなるものと, 逆に低くなるものとがあるが, このような差異は多星紋の発現にあづかる遺伝子が異なることに起因し, 前者をms-i, 後者をms-dと仮称した.
2. 両多星紋の温度影響時期はともに胚子反転の初期に当り, 腹部環節における班紋原基の分化形成が決定する時期である.
3. 15°Cの低温における温度効果の差異は遺伝子の作用時期が両遺伝子により異なることに起因し, ms-i遺伝子は反転期頃に, ms-d はそれ以前の時期に作用するものと考えられる.
4. 両多星紋はともに温度影響時期における35°Cの1日間処理により発現度が高くなったが, これは発現度を調節する抑圧遺伝子の作用が35°C保護により不活化されたことによるものと考えられる.

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