1. F
1 hydrids between
Aegilops Heldreichii Holzm. (
n=7) and
Ae. comosa Sibth. et Sm. (
n=7) have in most cases 1
IV+5
II at the 1st meiotic metaphase in PMC. The tetravalent complex is arranged in an N- or U- configuration (90.20%). Metaphase plates with 7
II or 1
III+5
II+1
I are also observed (9.78%).
2. In diakinesis and in early metaphase the N- and U-configurations could not be recognized (fig. 1, 3,
I, II). The arrangement of chromosomes are determined during the stages from early metaphase to metaphase.
In F
2 two chromosome types, the one with 7
II and the other with 1
IV+5
II were observed in a ratio of 1:1. F
3 offsprings from F
2 with 1
IV+5
II gave also these two types in the same ratio.
3. Two types of tetravalent chromosome configuration (N and U) were counted most extensively with F
3-heterozygotes (Table 1).
4. In such tetrapartite chromosomes regular disjunction of chromosomes occur when adjacent chromosomes separate at metaphase. This type of separation is expected from N-configuration.
Deficiency and duplication of chromosomes segments occur simultaneously, when adjacent chromosomes pass to the same pole (U-configuration).
The average of regular disjunction of tetravalents in F
1, F
2 and F
3 was about 75.8% and the amount of good pollen was 75.1% (see fig. 5, I). In F
2- and F
3-Plants having only 7 bivalents regular disjunction was observed and showed more than 90% good pollen grains. The percentage of regular disjunction in this material is therefore closely related to the degree of pollen fertility.
5. The percentage of ovule fertility observed in F
1- and F
3-plants having one tetravalent was 82.58 and 82.27 respectively. This fertility is a little higher than that of good pollen grains and that calculated from chromosome arrangement. However germination test showed that such difference between ovule fertility and percentage of regular disjunction is due to the vitality of a part of female gametes having incomplete genom resulted from irregular disjunction.
The percentage of ovule fertility in plants having 7 bivalents in F
2 and F
3 was more than 90%.
6. From these cytological results it can be said that this tetravalent complex is resulted from a simple translocation.
7. From our observations it was assumed that the types of chromosome disjunction are in the main attributed to the repulsion between the homologous chromosome segments. Position of the kinetochore, number and position of chiasmata and environmental conditions affect also the chromosome arrangement.
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