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Volume 82, Issue 972
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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The Plant Biomass and Annual Net ProductionHideo IWAKI, Kazuo TAKADA, Masami MONSI1969 Volume 82 Issue 972 Pages 215-225
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal changes in plant biomass, both aboveground and underground, and annual net production of a naturalized herbaceous perennial, Solidago altissima, were studied in 1964 at Toride, Ibaraki Prefecture.
Seasonal peak of LAI of S. altissima community was 4.8 (late in August) and that of aboveground standing crop was 1230g d, w./m2 (late in October). Total loss by shedding of aboveground parts (mainly leaves) amounted to about 280g/m2 for the growing season from April through October.
Annual net underground production was estimated to be about 290g/m2, which was about 24% of the maximum aboveground standing crop and about 20% of the annual net aboveground production. Annual net production of the whole community was 1780g/m2 or 17.8ton/ha.
Three characteristic growth periods were distinguished according to the difference in growth pattern and productivity; i. e. the first period (April) was characterized by active growth of leaves and depletion of reserve substances in rhizomes, the second period (May-August) by high produttivity and active growth of stems, and the final period, especially in October, by rapid growth of daughter rhizomes. The highest rate of monthly net productivity was 380g/m2 in July and the lowest 80g/m2 in April.View full abstractDownload PDF (2293K) -
Hideo TSUJI1969 Volume 82 Issue 972 Pages 226-238
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree-day-old etiolated rice seedlings were treated anaerobically for 24hours. Respiratory change of the shoot following transfer from anaerobic to aerobic condition was studied.
1. Treated samples showed a considerably high level of respiration (Qo2) at 30min. after return to air, followed by a further rise to reach in 3 hours of airadaptation a maximum plateau, which was maintained at least for further 4hours. It was ascertained that this rise in respiration was not due to microbial contamination.
2. One-hour's aerobic period inserted into a period of anaerobic treatment increased the respiratory activity as measured after the whole treatment. About 2-hours' contact with air was, however, necessary for the completion of the respiratory rise.
3. By cooling at 0°at the transference into air, the beginning of the respiratory rise was delayed just by the length of the cooling period.
4. The 24-hour anaerobiosis in the 3-4 day period stimulated coleoptile elongation by about 20%, while it inhibited fresh weight increase of the shoot.
5. When treated shoot sections were transferred to air, rapid water uptake took place before the maximal respiration rate was achieved, and little or no fresh weight increase occurred in the remaining period, while in the aerobic control fresh weight increased at a constant rate during the corresponding period.
6. Respiratory activity per shoot did not change during the anaerobic treatment while it increased in the aerobic control during the corresponding period.
Following transference to air the respiratory activity remarkably increased to catch up with the level of the control in 24hours.
7. Total protein content of the shoot responded to oxygen less remarkably than respiratory activity. The latter seems to be under a regulatory mechanism
more sensitive to oxygen than are some other cellular metabolisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1506K) -
Kazuo HOSOI, Seiichi YOSHIDA, Masao HASEGAWA1969 Volume 82 Issue 972 Pages 239-243
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe enzymes which catalyze the conversion of L-phenylalaine, L-tyrosine and L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to cinnamic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids, respectively, were detected in developing barley seedlings. Fairly high activity of DOPA ammonia-lyase was found and some properties of it were demonstrated.
Tyrosine and DOPA ammonia-lyases in this plant part were nearly equal in their activities, while the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase was ten times higher than those of the former two enzymes. These ammonia-lyase activities in the light-grown seedlings were always higher than in the dark-grown seedlings. These enzyme activities in the roots increased rapidly to attain their highest activities on the 4th day of germination, and then gradually decreased up to the 7th day. In the shoots these activities continuously increased over the experimental period of 7 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
Takeshi TAKAOKI1969 Volume 82 Issue 972 Pages 244-252
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper the author presented a new simple volumeter for measurement of photosynthesis and respiration rates with the use of a low power microscope. This was improved to permit the measurement without the microscope. Five to seven volumeters, one being thermobarometer, were used simultaneously. Photosynthesis rate is measurable within about 10minutes, and respiration rate within about 30minutes. This apparatus is useful in measurements not only indoors but also outdoors. Presented in this report are the data obtained from measurements made indoors and outdoors on 32 species of plants; that is 1 aquatic, 3 marine and 28 land plants. The apparent photosynthesis rates are generally larger than those previously observed under near-natural conditions. This may be due to the high concentration of CO2 (2.7%), high temperature (30°), and also the use of cut leaf strips permitting large gas exchange through the cut surface. In a leaf of Ficus elastica the photosynthesis rate was somewhat higher at the more apical and near-margin parts of the leaf than at the basal and near-midrib ones, respectively. No such difference was seen on the respiration rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Karyotypes of H. plantaginea, H. tokudama, H. kikutii, H. kikutii var. yakusimensis, H. crisupla and H. longipesKenichiro KANEKO1969 Volume 82 Issue 972 Pages 253-262
Published: 1969
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chromosome numbers of the five species and one variety of Hosta (H. plantaginea, H. tokudama, H. kikutii, H. crisupla, H. longipes and H. kikutii var. yakusimensis) were 2n=60. The 60 chromosomes were classifiable into 30pairs. The karyotypes of the above species were as follows: The 30pairs of one species and one variety (H. crisupla and H. kikutii var. yakusimensis) could be classified into four pairs of large chromosomes, two pairs of medium ones, and 24 pairs of small ones. The karyotypes of the other four species were as follows: In three of these species (H. plantaginea, H. tokudama and H. kikutii), the chromosomes could be classified into four pairs of large chromosomes, three pairs of medium ones, and 23 pairs of small ones. In the remaining one species (H. longipes), there were four pairs of large chromosomes, four pairs of medium ones and 22 pairs of small ones.
H. kikutii and H. kikutii var. yakusimensis seem, judging from their karyotypes, to have both derived from H. montana.View full abstractDownload PDF (1160K)
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