In the natural condition
Spirodela polyrhiza and
Lemna paucicostata produce the resting fronds in autumn, and pass the winter in this state. The formation of the resting frond is, however, controlled by the various external conditions, such as nutrient, temperature and the others. It seems to relate with the nitrogen and carbon nutrition in the plant body. Generally the factors which are more beneficial to increase carbohydrate contents than the nitrogen compounds, and those which retard moderately the growth, accelerate the production of the resting fronds.
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