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Volume 79, Issue 940-941
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Kozo HAYASHI, Masami SHIMOKORIYAMA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 495-498
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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H. ERDTMAN, B. KIMLAND, T. NORIN1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 499-505
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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Artturi I. VIRTANEN1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 506-509
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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L. HÖRHAMMER, H. WAGNER, H. REINHARDT1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 510-525
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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H. ULLRICH, U. KÄNDLER1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 526-536
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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Mannen SHIBATA, Sumiko URAGAMI, Kumiko MATSU-URA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 537-543
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnthocyanins in purple-Salvia, a cultivar of Salvia splendens were paper-chromatographically studied. They were separated from one another by mass paper-chromatography and purified. Three components of individual pigments, anthocyanidin, sugar and organic acid, which were obtained by acid hydrolysis and alkali saponification, were also paper-chromatographically studied. Followingly, the flower colour of purple-Salvia is manifested at least by seven kinds of anthocyanins. Four of them were shown to be acylated, in which the three were bound with p-coumaric acid and the remaining one with malonic acid. As regards aglycones, the three basic anthocyanidins, pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin, were found. The glycosidic sugar was glucose alone. In all, anthocyanins in the flower of purple-Salvia were determined as delphin, cyanin, pelargonin, malonoyldelphinidin 3, 5-diglucoside, p-coumaroyldelphinidin 3, 5-diglucoside, p-coumaroylcyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside and p-coumaroylpelargonidin 3, 5-diglucoside. It is noteworthy that the anthocyanins in purple-Salvia are mainly in the form of 3, 5-diglucoside, notwithstanding the fact that they differ one by one with respect to aglycone and organic acid combined in the molecule.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Tetsuo ONODA, Shoichiro USAMI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 544-550
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Part of metabolic pattern of carbohydrates in the cyanide resistant cells of Staphyloccus aureus was compared with that of the parent cells.
2. The parent cells can metabolize carbohydrates via glycolytic pathway, pentose cycle and citric acid cycle. The resistant strain is characterized by the facts that the cells are unable to metabolize carbohydrates via pentose cycle and glycolysis, although citric acid cycle operates as well as in the parent cells.
3. Inability of the resistant cells to oxidize carbohydrates is due to lacking of at least such enzymes as hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and lactate dehydrogenases. All of these enzymes were found to be operating in the parent cells.
4. The parent cells grow in synthetic medium with glucose, fructose, glutamate, aspartate or succinate as carbon source. The resistant cells grow with glutamate, aspartate or succinate, bot not with glucose or fructose.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Yosio MIYAMOTO, Akemi FUKUOKA, Shukuko IKAWA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 551-559
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe releasing mechanism of saccharifying amylase from bacterial cells was studied. The bacteria used were gram variable rods, belonging to Bacillus, highly active in amylase production, but not yet taxonomically defined. We named this strain tentatively “AK-3”.
1. In the course of cultivation the autolysis of the cells occurs, followed by the appearence of amylase in question. Concomitantly with the amylase, some cellular substances also appear in the environment, e.g., orange yellow pigment, a cell-lysingfactor, a denaturant of 260mμ absorbing substance(s).
2. Disruption of the cells results in the increase of the amylase activity in thereaction mixture. This is also the case with the mentioned cellular substances.
3. From the facts described, we conclude that the amylase in this case arereleased from the cell chiefly by autolysis.
4. The mechanism of amylase liberation in the earliest stage of cultivation is not yet revealed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2216K) -
Pheophytins, as One of the Color Components of Some Tobacco VarietiesSeki SHIMIZU, Ruri HOTTA, Einosuke TAMAKI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 560-565
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Pheophytin was discovered in an appreciable amount in the young leaves of virescent varieties. When these varieties turned yellowish green to green, the ratio of pheophytin/chlorophyll decreased. The virescence of these varieties was considered to be due to the deficiency in chlorophyll and to high content in pheophytin.
2) The changes of chlorophyll in the mature and cured tobacco leaves were examined. It was confirmed that the curing process more favours the conversion of chlorophyll to pheophytin than that of chlorophyll to chlorophyllade.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Ephraim EPSTEIN, Philip G. MILES1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 566-571
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of solubility tests, chromatographic studies and absorption spectra, a red pigment produced by mutant cultures of Schizophyllum commune has been identified as indirubin. A yellow pigment produced by these cultures has been identified as isatin. These pigments are produced on a chemically defined medium which has the ammonium ion as a nitrogen source. These findings are discussed in relationship to indole metabolism by the pigmented strains of S. commune.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Yasutane CHIBA, Kiyoshi SUGAHARA, Norikatsu IKEHARA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 572-577
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpinach chloroplasts were purified by glycerol-sucrose density gradient centrifugation. About 60-70per cent of total chloroplast RNA was extracted by treatment with phenol (phenol-released RNA). By treating the pellet obtained from the phenolic phase with SDS solution, 10per cent RNA was released (SDS-released RNA). The third fraction of RNA was obtained from the residue with hot 0.5N PCA treatment and amounted to 20-30per cent of total RNA (residual RNA).
The base composition of phenol-released RNA was close to that of total RNA. Guanine content was high in both total and phenol-released RNAs and lower in SDS-released RNA. Residual RNA had an unusual base composition, with a markedly high adenine content and a corresponding decrease in the cytosine content.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Structure of a New Flavonoid in the Blue Complex Molecule of Commelinin Studies on Anthocyanins, LIVKosaku TAKEDA, Seiji MITSUI, Kozo HAYASHI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 578-587
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA pale yellow pigment, one of the substantial components of the blue metalloanthocyanin previously isolated from Commelina flowers, was also found in a free state in the cell sap of the same flowers. This was isolated in a crystalline state, and shown to be a glucoside belonging to the group of C-glucosylflavone, which has been found less frequently in plant world. The name “flavocommelin” was proposed for the original glucoside, and “flavocommelitin” for its partially hydrolyzed moiety. The total structure of this new pigment was determined by a series of standard chemical analyses. As a consequence, flavocommelitin is defined as 6-C-glucopyranosylgenkwanin (genkwanin=7-O-methylapigenin), and flavocommelin as 4'-O-glucoside of flavocommelitin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
Nagao OGURA, Atsushi TAKAMIYA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 588-594
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChlorophllase was obtained in a water-soluble state from the leaves of tea plant, Thea sinensis L. The leaf acetone powder was extracted with water or buffer solutions, and purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate. The partially purified enzyme was stable towards heat-treatment and endured rather high concentrations of acetone. The optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were pH 6.5 at 50° and an acetone concentration of 50%.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Masao HASEGAWA, Michi SHIROYA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 595-601
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLabeled sucrose was administered to the cambial region of Prunus yedoensis. Sucrose was translocated into heartwood boundary through ray cells. After 12 days, labeled polyphenols were found at the heartwood boundary where they were formed in situ. The patterns of metabolism appear to differ in the outer sapwood, the inner sapwood and the transition zone.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
Masami SHIMOKORIYAMA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 602-607
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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I. Chromatographische Übersicht über die Intermediärprodukte von Lysin in ErbsenkeimlingenShin-ichi HATANAKA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 608-618
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Bei Hinzugabe von 14C-Lysin zu Erbsensamen wurde α-Aminoadipinsäure, welche vorher aus Erbsenkeimlingen isoliert worden war, mit einer hohen spezifischen Aktivität markiert. Aus den Ergebnissen wurde gefolgert, daß die α-Aminoadipinsäure ein Intermediärprodukt von Lysin ist.
2. In der Aminosäure-Fraktion wurden neben α-Aminoadipinsäure auch Glutaminsäure und eine noch nicht identifizierte Substanz schnell markiert.
3. Auf dem Chromatogramm der organischen Säure-Fraktion wurde der Einbau von 14C in drei Substanzen beobachtet, von denen eine der Glutarsäure bzw. derGlutaconsäure entspricht.
4. Auf dem Chromatogramm der Ketosäure-Fraktion wurden zwei aktive Zonen erhalten, die noch nicht vollständig identifiziert werden konnten.
5. Die Versuchsergebnisse über den Lysin-Stoffwechsel in Erbsen wurden mit denen, die bisher hauptsächlich in tierischem und mikrobiellem Material erhalten worden waren, verglichen und diskutiert.View full abstractDownload PDF (1238K) -
Mitsuhiro YAMADA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 619-625
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncorporation of acetate-1-14C into long-chain fatty acids was carried out with sub-cellular fractions from germinating castor bean seeds. Major activity of the synthesis was found associated with the heavier particles than the mitochondria-like particles as centrifuged down at 3, 000g for 10min. The cofactor requirement indicates that long-chain fatty acid synthesis de novo in this particulate system would undergo acetyl-SCoA carboxylation and the subsequent operation of fatty acid synthesis cycle. The oxidative step(s) is involved in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, presumably in the unsaturation of fatty acids. High incorporation of acetate-1-14C into palmitoleic, palmitic and vaccenic acids suggests the following path of de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids in this system: palmitate that was synthesized through fatty acid synthesis cycle is oxidatively unsaturated to palmitoleic acid, which, in turn, undergoes C2-elongation to vaccenic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Masao HASEGAWA, W. E. HILLIS1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 626-629
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Sideroxylin and a new stilbene glucoside have been extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus dundasii.
2. The stilbene glucoside has the structure of 3, 5, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-3-O-glucoside.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Sigehiro MORITA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 630-633
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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Masaakira MAEDA, Kazuko KURODA, Yoshihiko IRIKI, Mitsuo CHIHARA, Kazut ...1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 634-643
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. From Vaucheria and Dichotomosiphon cell walls, substances considered to form the skeletal cell wall were isolated as “crude fiber” and their chemical nature was examined.
2. The major cell wall substance of Vaucheria was found to be cellulose as confirmed chiefly by chemical means including acetolysis.
3. In Dichotomosiphon the major cell wall substance is represented by xylan. Its chemical structure was quite the same as the xylan forming the skeletal cell wall of Caulerpa, Bryopsis, Halimeda and Chlorodesmis.
4. These findings seem to substantiate the view that Dichotomosiphon, which was initially placed in the Vaucheriaceae, should be removed from this family.
5. The existence of cellulose in Vaucheria and its absence in Siphonales is additional evidence for the separation of Vaucheria from Siphonales.View full abstractDownload PDF (1139K) -
Keizo AKUTSU, Hidemasa IMASEKI, Ikuzo URITANI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 644-653
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe respiratory development of sweet potato roots induced by the infection of the black rot fungus was investigated using varieties of different resistance to the pathogenic invasion. No correlation between degree of resistance and rate of the induced respiration. The resistant varieties induced respiration without significant delay after onset of the infection, while there appeared the 24hr. lag period in the susceptible varieties. The increased respiratory rate in the resistant varieties lowered after 72hr. of the infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1094K) -
Kojiro NISHIDA, Naoto TAMAI, Toshihiko UMEMOTO1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 654-659
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of temperature on the swelling of isolated chloroplasts placed in the dark was investigated.
1.At 0° and 10°, chloroplasts maintain almost the same volume during the experimental period (45 minutes), but when the temperature was raised swelling occured. A 3- to 4-fold increase, compared with the volume at 0°, was observed at 50°.
2. Swelling was very greatly affected by the pH value. At pH5.0, swelling was markedly suppressed even though the temperature was raised to 52°. At pH8.5, however, the chloroplast volume reached (at 52°) 4.3 times the initial value.
3. Chloroplast volume was maintained almost unchanged in the CaCl2 solution in spite of the changes of temperature, but in the KCl, NaCl and sucrose solutions a swelling was clearly observed with the raise of temperature.
4. Swelling caused by heating to 50° was suppressed by the addition of ATP and Mg++. When BSA was also added, the suppression was accelerated.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K) -
Hiraku ITIKAWA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 660-664
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProperties of a new class of colicine E1 resistant strains were analyzed. These strains showed the increased sensitivity to acriflavine, proflavine, acridine orange, methylene blue, 2, 4-dinitrophenol and chloramphenicol. The mechanism resulting in the resistance and increased sensitivity has been discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
On the Problem of Osmotic ControlTorao OHTSUKI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 665-673
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn regard to adaptation of glass moulds and other fungi to high concentration of media, permeability of fungi cells to salts was studied.
1. Besides strains of Asp. vitricolae, usual fungi strains, Asp. oryzae, Asp. niger were chosen as test organisms.
2. For the purpose to observe plasmolysis of fungi cells, younger hyphal cells were chosen.
3. Cells of Asp. vitricolae were so delicate that they were readily injured during operations, which caused some difficulty for experimentation. On the contrary, Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger were much stable and rich in mycelial yield, which allowed more smooth procedures.
4. Osmotic pressure of the cells measured by the method of plasmolysis resulted always in higher values than that of external solutions.
5. Cells once plasmolysed in certain salt solution recovered the original shape, when they were transferred into water. Older cells often took an appearance like plasmolysis in salt solution, but they were scarcely deplasmolysed, when transferred into water. Plasmaproteins of the same cell seems to be salted out, perhaps because they were dead during operation.
6. Permeability to salt was tested by deplasmolysis experiments. Deplasmolysis occurred gradually after plasmolysis in the same salt solution. The rate of permeation of salts was larger in the case of Asp. vitricolae than in cases of Asp. oryzae and Asp. niger.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
Kenjiro KINUGAWA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 674-686
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The physiological and morphological observations on the spore germination and the protonematal growth in Bryum pseudo-triquetrum were performed under controlled conditions.
(2) The prostrate protonematal system as well as its erect aerial filaments showed a widely divergent morphology between typical chloronema and primary rhizoid. Some of the filaments grew plagiogeotropically and their physiological dorsiventrality was found by the mode of branching.
(3) The sporeling could normally develop on media containing Ca(NO3)2, K2HPO4 and MgSO4. The optimal concentrations of each salt for both the germination and the growth, when examined by the system where other minerals besides the subjected one were fixed in a certain level, were determined to be 5×10-3, 1-5×10-3 and 1×10-3M, respectively (the standard medium). The additional applications of (NH4)2SO4, H3BO3 and FeCl3 to the standard medium had no effects.
(4) IAA at 10-2-1ppm promoted the growth, whereas gibberellin was rather inhibitory at 10-3ppm or more.
(5) The initial pH of the media favored the growth and the germination existed at the range between 5 and 9. The growth was better in alkaline range than acidic.
(6) The optimal temperature for the germination and the growth existed between 21°and 25°.
(7) The light needed for the germination and the growth were saturated at the range higher than 480Lux. The critical day length for the germination of the spores collected in 1965 laid in about four hours.
(8) The spores maintained their germinating ability for nearly three years. Fig. 8. Depression of germinating ability of spores with time. Each circle shows the germinating rate of spores from one capsule.View full abstractDownload PDF (1883K) -
Masayuki NAGAO, Nobuo OKAGAMI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 687-692
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on the formation and dormancy of aerial tubers in Begonia evansiana was investigated. CCC was applied to the nutrient solution in which the rooted cuttings were grown, or directly to the buds.
CCC accelerated the tuber initiation under SD conditions, and prevented the tubers from entering a dormant state.
If we assume that CCC has actually lowered the native GA level, the present results would suggest that the endogenous GA is one of the factors controlling the tuber initiation and tuber dormancy in this plant, the view which has been advanced on the basis of the experiments with exogenous GA.View full abstractDownload PDF (868K) -
I. Analysis of the Incompatibility Factors Present in Fruit Bodies Collected within a Small AreaPhilip G. MILES, Tsuneo TAKEMARU, Katsuji KIMURA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 693-705
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifteen stocks of Schizophyllum commune collected within a circle of 220 meters radius on the campus of Okayama University have been analyzed for the determination of the mating types present. An effort was made to obtain recombinants at the mating type loci by placing the fruit bodies at 34°for a minimum of 18 hours prior to collection of the spores. Details of spore isolation and mating procedures are given. The methods of analysis for determination of mating types are described. Of the 30 parental strains tested there were 24 different A factors and 24 different B factors. A factor recombinants were obtained from nine of the 15 stocks, while only two of the stocks had recombinant B factors. When the parentals were mated with the recombinant strains, there were two recombinants which had A factors identical with the parentals; this indicates that recombinants of the mating type factor become distributed in the natural population. From this sample the estimation of the number of A factors in the natural population is significantly low. It is suggested that this low estimate is due to an unusually high number of identical mating type factors in this sample of 15 stocks which contained six fruit bodies which were located close together, three on one tree trunk and three on another, so that each of these groups of fruit bodies may have arisen from a common dikaryon. The present data are discussed in reference to studies of a somewhat similar nature by others.View full abstractDownload PDF (3878K) -
Noburo KAMIYA, Kiyoko KURODA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 706-713
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA young stalk of Acetabularia exhibits cytoplasmic streaming of the so-called multistriate type before the cap is formed. Centrifuging the stalk either longitudinally or laterally, endoplasm and chloroplasts flowing in the form of many slender parallel channels are pushed aside, while many delicate gel striations running in parallel are left behind on the inner surface of the cortex (ectoplasmic layer). Multi-striate cytoplasmic streaming takes place only alongside these striations. Centrifuge-microscope observation further reveals that slender channels of flow of the cytoplasm carrying chloroplasts in trains are detached by centrifugation from the striations more or less in unit strands. Similar strands are also formed in vitro between naked protoplasmic drops. The motile behavior of the chloroplasts is similar in both cases.
In order to explain multistriate streaming it is suggested that the motile fibrils functionally similar to those well studied in Nitella are present as a structural component responsible for protoplasmic movement in Acetabularia.View full abstractDownload PDF (2582K) -
Shun-ichiro IMAMURA, Mikio MURAMATSU, Shin Ichi KITAJO, Atsushi TAKIMO ...1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 714-721
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1)The photoperiodic sensitivity of Pharbitis nil can be evaluated by the minimum number of short day cycles and minimum duration of the dark period required for flower initiation, and by the readiness to initiate a terminal flower bud. The sensitivity of six strains tested stands in the following order: Tendan>Violet>Shifukurin>Nepal>Africa. Kidachi, a dwarf mutant, is an exception. It has the shortest critical dark period but seldom produces a terminal flower bud.
2) Grafting experiments indicated that the sensitive strain produces in leaves larger amounts of flowering hormone during a definite dark period, and is induced more easily to flowering in response to the same amount of floral stimulus than a less sensitive strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (852K) -
Relationship between Photosynthetic Activity and Growth Stage, with Special Reference to the Effect of Topping-TreatmentHirosi HUZISIGE, Yosinori WADA, Hiroyuki SUNAGUTI, Mamoru OHMORI1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 722-732
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Using a measuring system, in which a Liston-Becker infra-red gas analyzer (Model 15A) was used as the detecting apparatus, the relationship between the progress in growth stage and the changes in photosynthetic activity of tobacco plants was investigated, and the effect of the topping-treatment was also studied here. The following three cultivated varieties of tobacco plant were used as the test materials: White Burley, Bright Yellow and Bitchû.
2) The principal results obtained in this study were as follows: (a) The changes in the total activity of photosynthesis per individual plant with the progress of growth stage was not simple, but there were two or three maxima which were found at the maximal growth stage and at the periods of maturity. (b) The maximum of the photosynthetic activity per unit leaf area was observed at an earlier stage than the maximum of total activity of photosynthesis per individual plant, i. e., about 50 days after transplantation, and it was followed by a decrease, which in its turn was followed by a small increase at the climax of maturity. (c) A marked effect of topping-treatment was observed in the cases of White Burley and Bright Yellow, but this was not the case with Bitchû.
3) The relationship among the photosynthetic activity, the progress of growth stage and the effect of topping-treatment was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1286K) -
Preliminary ReportMasaki YAMAMOTO, Takayuki HIROSAWA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 733-735
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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I. Growth Periodicity and Structure of the Terminal Vegetative Shoot ApexJun HANAWA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 736-746
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an annual cycle of growth, the shoot apex of Pinus densiflora passes through the following three phases: (1) the rest phase, from late September to the end of March, (2) the phase of bud expansion, from the beginning of April to either the beginning or the middle of June, and (3) the phase of new bud formation, from the end of April to either early- or mid-September. Thus the phase of new bud formation begins overlapping the phase of bud expansion. But the active, virtual formation of new buds for the next season's extension occurs during about two months from early July to early September. During this period, a great number of cataphylls, which eventually bear axillary buds, are produced. The number of catapylls produced during two months counts 150 to 250, then the average plastochrone can be estimated at about 1/3 to 1/4 days.
The shoot apex has a pattern of zonation of “Ginkgoid Type” consisting of four meristematic zones: (1) the zone of apical initials, (2) the zone of central mother. cells, (3) the zone of rib meristem, and (4) the zone of flanking tissue. Shape and dimensions of the shoot apex vary with correlation to the phases of winter dormancy, bud expansion and new bud formation. The ratio of height to diameter of the shoot apex is higher (H/D=0.52) during the phase of new bud formation, than during the dormancy period (H/D=0.35). Depth of the flanking zone increases in the growth period at a higher rate than the diameter of the apex, or of the rib meristem, does. Thus the ratio of depth (thickness) of the flanking zone to diameter of the apex is 0.17 in the dormancy period, and it becomes 0.21 in the growth period. On the other hand, the ratio of depth of the apical meristem to diameter of the apex (P/D) is approximately constant all the year (P/D is about 0.6). Therefore, not only the basic pattern of zonation but also the entity of the apical meristem are retained throughout an annual growth cycle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2706K) -
Noboru HARA, Atsushi KOMAMINE1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 747-758
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe epicotyl of etiolated seedlings of Stizolobium hassjoo was anatomically studied, and it was compared with that of normally-grown seedlings. This work serves as the basis of physiological and biochemical studies on the etiolated epicotyl, especially concerning of the callus formed on its cut surface, reported by Komamine et al.1-4)
In both etiolated and normally-grown plants, the course of differentiation of the procambium in the shoot as well as that of phloem elements is acropetal in connection with the leaf development. The tracheary elements show discontinuous sequence in their differentiation. The lignification of tracheary elements and bundle cap is more prominent in the normally-grown epicotyl than in the etiolated one.
At the levels slightly below the plumular hook in the etiolated epicotyl, primary tissues of the stem are almost differentiated and the seriated cells of the procambium are parenchymatized. The cambium begins to differentiate at the level 3.5 or 4.5cm below the plumular hook. The procambial and cambial activities of the normally-grown epicotyl are continuously transformed from upper to lower levels. Problems on cambium differentiation were discussed in comparing the developmental processes of the etiolated epicotyl with those of the normally-grown one.
It was certified that the callus does not appear on the cut surface of the etiolated epicotyl at the level, where the procambium is declining or parenchymatized, but appearing at the level where the cambium is differentiating or differentiated.View full abstractDownload PDF (4406K) -
Hisatsugu ANDO1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 759-769
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
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The Structure of a New Glucoside, Idesin, from LeavesTakashi KUBOTA, Keiko TSUNO1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 770-774
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPyrocatechol and four new phenolic glucosides have been isolated from the leaves of Idesia polycarpa. One of these glucosides named Idesin, m.p. 98-100°, which is the major constituent and has bitter taste, has been shown to be 2-β-glucosyl-3-hydroxy benzyl alcohol. The structure of Idesin has been confirmed by the synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Rikizo UEDA, Ayako KAGA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 775-782
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The browning of plant organs which occurs by means of cutting or blend action was histo- and cytologically investigated.
2. The browning in every tissue system was generally much stronger in vascular system than in epidermal and fundamental system. And the intensity of browning was affected byair and temperature.
3. In general, the browning of nucleus and cytoplasm in a cell was, with some exceptions, much deeper than that of plastids and cell walls.
4. The possible cause of different intensities of browning in tissues and cells was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Yasuji FUJITA1966 Volume 79 Issue 940-941 Pages 783-790
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAsarum hetrotropoides Fr. Schmidt has great kinship to A. Sieboldii Miq. The latter and A. heterotropoides var. mandshuricum Kitagawa are both differentiated from this species. And A. Sieboldii var. pubinervis F. Maekawa may be an intermediate betweenA. heterotropoides and A. Sieboldii.
A. Sieboldii var. cineoliferum Fujita in south-western Japan was formed by the isolation with Fossa Magna. The characteristics of this variety are the occurrence of cineole and the absence of eucarvone in essential oil.
All species of the subgenus Heterotropa in Japan are differentiated somewhat later and the species which contain elemicine are considered to be derived from the one containing safrol and eugenol.
A. canadense Linn. of North America which affords the essential oil containing d-linalool, geraniol and l-α-terpineol together with eugenol and methyleugenol is probably a mother species of this genus. A. caudatum Lindl. and A. europaeum Linn. are supposed to arise from this species successively.
Subgenus Hexastylis in the North America, subgenera Asiasarum, Japonasarum and Heterotropa in the Eastern Asia are all considered to be radiated from the subgenus Euasarum Through A. canadense separately.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K)
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