JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL

[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 225-227
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_225

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Reaction of Lignosulfonic acid with Chlorine

2. Isolation of Chlorinated Lignosulfonic acid and its Properties.

Kouji Nakajima, Masamichi Okubo, Shiro Onoe

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 228-234
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: January 22, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_228

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Ca Lignosulfonates (LSCa) prepared from red pine and from mixed deciduous woods were chlorinated with chlorine.
The problem of isolation of chlorinated Ca lignosulfonate (ClLSCa) was investigated. Cl red pine LSCa was isolated in a high yield of 85-90% satisfactorily, by the use of weakly basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-45). ClLSCa from deciduous wood was isolated in the yield of about 70%.
Properties of the isolated ClLSCa were investigated and following results were obtained for red pine LSCa.
When 17% chlorine was consumed (on the basis of LSCa), the product contained 4.65%Cl (0.5 Cl/C₉), 8.25% OCH₃ (0.8 OCH₃/C₉) and a considerable amount of the guaiacyl group was remained unchanged. Amount of weakly acidic group increased and a part of sulfonic acid group was splitt off.
When 80% Cl was consumed, the product contained 15.9% Cl (1.2Cl/C₉), 2.8% S (0.25S/C₉) and 1.2% OCH₃ (0.1 OCH₃/C₉). Most guaiacyl group changed to chlorocatechol type or it's quinon type structure. Weakly acidic group increased to 4 times as much as LSCa contain.
When 100% chlorine was consumed, the product contained 18.4% Cl (1.7 Cl/C₉) which was the maximum chlorine content. Longer chlorination caused the decomposition of ClLSCa.
It was assumed that the structural changes of LSCa from deciduous wood differed from that of red pine LSCa.

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The Modified Two-Stage Sulfite Pulping Method

Part III The Recovering and Reuse of Cooking Waste Liquors

Kiyoshi Aida, Akio Kikuchi

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 235-248
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_235

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It was found in the previous papers that pulping of larch, cedar, pine heartwood and wood mixtures mainly consisting of pine and fir with the modified two-stage sulfite pulping process gave high yields of pulps with excellent properties.
The process employed in the present study was a two-stage sulfite pulping method, the first step of which consisted in cooking wood in sulfite solution, and the second step inSO₂ solution.
The purpose of the present paper was to determine the effect of the reuse of the spent liquor on the pulping process itself, the properties of the spent liquor, or the yield and quality of the two-stage sulfite pulp.
In this report, a series of the two-stage sulfite digestions of Japanese larch and wood mixtures mainly consisting of pine and fir was made in which the spent liquor from each stage of digestions was collected and used in the next digestion after fortifing with additional cooking chemicals. In the first stage digestion, approximately 60% of the total liquor in the digester at the end of the digestion was recovered, and 80% of the recovered spent liquor was reused. In the second stage digestion the free-draining spent liquor in the digester at the end was recorvered and 50% of the recovered spent liquor was reused.
The results obtained were summarized as follows.
(1) When pulpwood was cooked in the re-used spent liquor in the first stage and then in the fresh cooking liquor in the second stage, and when pulpwood was cooked in the fresh cooking solution in the first stage and then in the recirculated waste liquor in the final stage. the pulping index suggesting pulp properties remained constant in the course of the recycling of the spent liquor.
(2) When pulpwood was cooked in the reused spent liquors both in the first and second stages, the pulping index decreased to some extent with recycling of the spent liquors.

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The Character of A Hand-made Paper in Local Area

H. Kato, [in Japanese]

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 249-254
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_249

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1. Koide paper in Niigata prefecture and Tono-paper in Fukushima prefecture have a mighty tensivestrength, and the both papers were made thickly with a paper-mulberry.
2. As the papers with a good expansion-ratio, we can number as follows : Morishita paper in Mikawa, Koide paper, Kuniyasu Hosho, Mino-Shoin and so on. We may consider that a paper with a mighty tensile-strength almostly have a good expansion ratio.
3. Koide paper, Yagyu paper, Shiraishi paper etc. have a mighty tearing-strength, and the ratio of strength is fixed on intertwine nature of the fibers.
4. Koide paper, Tono paper, Togakushi paper, Yagyu paper etc. have a large breaking-length.
5. Koide paper, Tono paper have alarge holding endurance as well as Yao paper, Togakushi paper and Yagyu paper.

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Testing Method for Ply Adhesion of Paperboard

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 255-256
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_255

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Testing Method for Water Absorptiveness of Paper and Paperboard (Cobb Test)

1964 Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 257-258
Published: June 05, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.18.6_257

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