The technological history of pulp and paper industry for the last 4 decade years shows that the most marked advance has been brought by use of polymeric synthetic materials in papermaking process. This is co-ordinated with the main concept of High Performance Paper Society, Japan.
To grasp the activities of high performance papers, the questionairing referring to merchandised high performance papers was conducted on main papermaking companies. Informations were also collected from newspapers and journals as well as paper and nenwoven exhibitions. The collected 366 data were classified according to the resemblance of functionalty and high performance of papers. The classified items were as follows : (1) mechanical characteristics. (2) thermal characteristics, (3) electrical, electronic and magnetic characteristics, (4) optical characteristics, (5) acoustic characteristics, (6) chemicial characteristics, (7) biochemical characteristics, (8) aesthetic characteristics and (9) others. The merchandised papers in each item were commented with short notice to make clear the trend of high parformance papers in Japan.

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It is impossible to spend even a day without paper in recent cultural life. Papers are liable to be concerned in many kind of crimes, so that. For example, forgery of bills, duplicate of document, incendiarism and murder are as such. Nowadays demands that are expert discrimination of paper are on the increase. However, complete paper is hardly found in most of these criminal cases. Minute, degenerate and/or stained papers are apt to become evidential matter. Therefore, it is difficult to inspect these papers according as JIS or to inspect them in view of manufacturing technique. So characteristic method is necessary for forensic science.
This report is a presentation with regard to some typical discrimination as follows which we have ever done and obtained good result on the field of forensic science.
(1) Two examples for inspection of minute or degenerate paper fragment.
(2) Two examples for analysis of coatings and filler in woodfree paper and mechanical paper.
(3) Two examples for inspection of new domestic articles.

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The coating color which is applied on the base paper forms the coated layer structure. In this process, latexes migrate and form coated layer as binder.
We directly observed the latex film continuously surrounding clays which were removed by hydrofluoric acid before observation.
We also examined the latex film forming process using the method of freeze-drying. “Tg” (glass transition temperature) of the latex particles plays an important role on the formation of the coated layer and its structure. The lower the Tg is, the bulkier the coated layer structure is. This coincides with the result of the mercury porosimetry.

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Handsheets from TMP, LUKP, NUKP, and NBKP were prepared for the examination of the distribution of extractive substances in pulp fibres by using ESCA. Whatman # 1 filter paper were also used as supplementary samples. Changes in C_1s peak and O_1s peak of above-described sheets by extraction with ethanol/benzene mixture, heat treatment and pulverizing treatment were observed. As the results, the following information was obtained :
(1) Extractives in pulp fibres are present at the surface of pulp fibres in higher concentration than the inside of fibre wall.
(2) When the above-mentioned sheets were subjected to heat treatment at 100°C for 48 hrs, extractives concentration at the surface of pulp fibres increased compared with those of untreated sheets. The increment were considered to be brought about by the extractives migrated from the inside of the fibre wall to the fibre surface.
(3) When the sample sheets were extracted in Soxleht apparatus with ethanol/benzene mixture, the extractives existing inside of the sheets were not removed completely. However, when the powder obtained by pulverizing the sheets were extracted, the extractives were found to be almost completely removed from the sample powder.
The above-mentioned information was mainly obtained from the excellent spatial resolution of ESCA, in which the photoelectron escape depth is about 10 nm from the sample surface.

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