The suspended solids in the plant drainage were processed as solid manure, in order to prevent the river pollution on the one hand and to utilize the waste matter on the other.
Outlines of the processing are as follows : Take out suspended solids from the settling basins-adjust the water content-crush-inoculate the organism cultivate-add suitable fertilizer components-solidify-dry-etc.
The results of the practical cultivation test indicated that the division treated with the “solid manure” thus prepared was superior to the standard division.

View full abstract

It has been discussed that rayon paper for Syôzi (Syôzi is a Japanese paper-sliding-door) is stained easily by dust in the air. We studied on that phenomena by the use of a stain-hasten-device by smoke of oil.
The results obtained were as follows : 1) Stains on paper are extremely affected by the air permeability of that paper.2) When the air permeability of paper is more than about 30sec./200cc/30sheets, stains on that paper are no longer affected by the air permeability of itself.3) Stains on Syozi-paper are not affected by the smoothness of it. The fluffs of its surface, however, have an effect on a state of stains owing to smoke of oil.4) The electrification of Syozi-paper does not affect on stains on it.

View full abstract

On the heating of PVA (fibriform or powdered form) to be in use for paper making, and paper made of pulp mixed with it, we observed through microscope, and got some knowledge described below.
The Vinylon fiber mixed with starch can be used as binder for paper making, we examined also that Vinylon fiber and paper made mixed with it.
(1) The melting phenomena of PVA showed little difference between its fibriform and powdered form. (2) At the moisture of 60%, and the heating temperature of 110°C, paper made of pulp contained 10% of PVA was all covered with melted binder, regardless of the shape of PVA. (3) The denser the paper was, the more hard penetrated the melted binder in that. (4) When the moisture of wet sheets was too little, the binder did not melt enough, and when the moisture of them was too much, the binder flowed over the paper. It is seemed that the moisture of about 60% is suitable for the wet sheets. (5) About the Vinylon fiber mixed with starch, the following can be said : the fiber treated with heat only is suitable for the binder, and the formalized fiber is adequate as the material of Vinylon paper.

View full abstract

The multiple stage refining of the unbleached pulp prepared by the kraft digestion of softwood sulfite knotter-rejects has been studied under various conditions. The refining stages studied were chlorination, alkaline extraction, hypochlorite treatment, and chlorine dioxide treatment. The unbleached pulp used in this study had the following properties : alpha cellulose 92.7%; ash 0.4%; alcohol-benzene soluble 0.33%; relative viscosity 4.4 (50mg/10ml. cuprammonium soln.); G.E. brightness 52.7.
The study shows that the unbleached pulp prepared from sulfite knotter-rejects can be refined satisfactorily by the procedure involving the following stages : (1) chlorination (3% Cl₂), (2) alkaline extraction (2% NaOH), (3) hypochlorite treatment (2% Ca (ClO)₂+0.2% NaOH), and (4) chlorine dioxide treatment (0.2% ClO2). In alkaline extraction, sodium hydroxide can be replaced by a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. The pulp refined by this procedure had the following properties : alpha cellulose 95.4%; ash 0.07%; alcohol-benzene soluble 0.10%; relative viscosity 3.4; G.E. brightness 93.0; and copper number 0.3. The properties are nearly the same as those of dissolving pulps.

View full abstract