If we carefully observe the rainwater drainage channels, waterways and the discharging rivers of the factory or business premises, we can recognize the three river functions of erosion, transportation, and deposition.

This paper reports the results of the river survey on the Ganges tributary in Nepal. Then, various behaviors of river will be presented; including fl oods surveyed in the past such as Kinu River and explain the basic knowledge of river systems.

The AQUARATOR^® has greatly improved the energy efficiency of aeration by dividing the power source of the two major functions of aeration, “air supply function” and “aerator/agitator function”, and making the latter a rational submerged equipment. It can be used as an anaerobic/aerobic condition.

In addition to the standard activated sludge method, it is easy to select treatment systems such as anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge method, intermittent aeration method, and batch type.

Depending on the situation and purpose, either one of the air supply function and the aerator/agitatorfunction, or both can be controlled at the same time, so that it can cope with large load fl uctuations.

It describes the characteristics and advantages of the AQUARATOR, and the problems and comparison of the existing aeration equipments in the article.

‘DEOMAGIC’ is a new deodorant develop by Shikibo Ltd. It showed good effect for the odor which difficultly be removed by ordinary deodorant. ‘DEOMAGIC’ was developed by use the mechanism of perfume. By harmonizing with bad odor, ‘DEOMAGIC’ can change the odor to good smell.

As one of our Corporate Social Responsibility （CSR） activities, we efforts to reduce environmental load, and reduction of Pollutant Release and Transfer Register （PRTR） substances is regarded as an important issue.

Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. Iwanuma Mill had used the PRTR substances such as hydrazine and cyclohexylamine as boiler treatment chemicals in black liquor recovery boiler, but we switched to “Amine- carboxylate treatment” which is not regulated in PRTR.

As a result, the boiler has stably operated for five years, and inside the boiler drum and turbine blade have been improved preferable condition.

On the other hand, higher pressure plants still use the PRTR substances, and we think that switching of boiler treatment chemicals for these plants should be considered.

A low amending part of the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act was fully enforced on April 1, 2019. In this amendment, in order to realize appropriate risk management of soil contamination, expansion of the land subject to “Soil Contamination Investigation”, establishment of regulations for the prefectural governor to request submission of the plan of “Action for Removal, etc”, and rationalization of regulations according to risk have been implemented.

In the expansion of the land subject to the Soil Contamination Investigation, the scale of the “Changes to the Form of Nature Land” that may be subject to investigation order has been strengthened from over 3,000 m² to over 900 m² when “Changes to the Form of Nature of Land” are carried on the site of a plant or workplace where had used or are using “Specifi ed Facilities” using “Designated Hazard Substances”.

In the establishment of regulations that prefectural governor require submission of “Report of Plan of the Action for Removal, etc.”, it has been newly required that the owner, manager or occupant of land submit “Report of Plan of the Action for Removal, etc”, “Construction Completion Report” and “Action Completion Report” of the Action for Removal, etc. to prefectural governor and receive confi rmation.

Rationalization of regulations according to risk is carried out in various situations such as implementation of Soil Contamination Investigation, “Designation of Area which Requires Action, etc.”, Action of Removal, etc., “Carrying︲Out of Contaminated Soil” to the outside of the Area which Requires Action, etc., and processing of removed contaminated soil.

It is noteworthy that the amended act has taken into consideration the use of naturally contaminated soil and contaminated reclamation soil of public water surface area.

The following is explained as waste management in the circular economy.

①　Trends in G20 climate change countermeasures and marine plastic waste countermeasures.

②　Problems related to resource recycling such as global resource consumption, plastic production, China and other waste plastic import regulations, marine microplastic problems.

③　Environmental regeneration by promoting proper disposal of waste.

④　The Fluorocarbon Emission Control Law has been revised to improve the recovery rate of chlorofluorocarbons at the time of disposal of equipment.

⑤　Fourth cycle basic plan （integrated efforts with the creation of a sustainable society, regional revitalization through the formation of a regional symbiotic sphere, thorough resource circulation throughout the life cycle）.

PCB （polychlorinated biphenyl） toxicity has been widely recognized by society since the 1968 “Kanemi Oilosis Incident”, and the “Manufacturing of PCBs in accordance with the Law Concerning the Examination of Chemical Substances and Production Regulations” enacted in 1974 In principle, imports were prohibited.

In 2001, the “Special Measures Law for Promotion of Proper Treatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Waste （PCB Special Measures Law）” was enacted, and high–concentration PCB waste was treated as a treat ment facility of Intermediate Storage and Environmental Safety Corporation （JESCO）. Chemical treatment is underway in Japan, and the treatment deadline will be reached step by step.

On the other hand, in the year following the enforcement of the PCB Special Measures Law（ 2002）, PCBs were included in the insulation oil of electrical equipment that was originally said not to use PCB, ex ceeding the standard value of 0.5 mg/kg （0.5 ppm）. The existence of what has been found.

In November 2009, the Ministry of the Environment positioned these as “micro PCB–contaminated waste electrical equipment, etc.”, and so far, they have been detoxifi ed by incineration or cleaning at private indus trial waste treatment facilities.

In August 2012, PCB contaminants with a PCB concentration of 5,000 mg/kg （0.5％） or less （waste con taining low–concentration PCB） were also added to the treatment objects, and these were collectively called “low–concentration PCB waste”.

As of the end of June 2019, 34 companies were certifi ed as detoxifi cation treatment facilities by the Minister of the Environment, and 5 facilities were licensed by prefectural governors for detoxification treatment of low–concentration PCB waste.

This paper introduces the efforts to detoxify low–concentration PCB waste in the DOWA Ecosystem Group, which started in 2006, and the detoxification treatment of PCB contaminants such as PCB–containing coatings, which have recently been attracting attention.

Treatment of waste plastic and recycling problems have become a top–priority issue to be resolved not only in Japan, but also around the world. Ecostaff Japan, a company which operates a network of superior industrial waste treatment and recycling with recycling companies nationwide, has established linkage with industry, government and academia, including central government offi ces, amid its ties with waste treatment and recycling sites and waste–generating companies in regions across Japan. This lecture will outline future prospects while collecting information on the latest trends amid uncertainty over the fl ow and destinations of waste plastic in Japan emanating from resource import restrictions in China.

In Japan, large-scale natural disasters such as the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and the Great East Japan Earthquake frequently occur and have a great influence on corporate activities.

There were many examples of impacts on business continuity of companies due to supply chain damage, large-scale blackouts, etc. resulting in production stoppage, shipment stoppage, and suspension of business. In addition, large-scale earthquake predictions such as earthquakes directly below the Tokyo metropolitan area and Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai 3 linked earthquakes have increased social consciousness and increased cor porate awareness of business continuity.

In the BCP established by companies, “maintenance of employee safety confirmation methods（introduc tion of services）” is the mainstream, followed by “distribution of suppliers/suppliers”，“distribution of produc tion/distribution bases”, “alternative suppliers/purchases” “Securing customers, subcontractors and sales loca tions” is being focused on as a priority item. These are all matters that have had a significant impact on business continuity due to recent natural disasters. Therefore, quickly grasping the damage situation of this “supplier/supplier/production base/distribution base/alternative production base/subcontractor/sales loca tion” is very important for quickly determining the impact on business continuity. It is important.

However, most companies still collect information related to business continuity, such as damage confir mation notifications to their facilities, affiliated companies, and business partners. For this reason, there is a growing need for greater efficiency through digitization and automation, which is expected to be introduced in the future.

In this article, we will introduce examples of BCP/BCM support tools that have become increasingly interested in recent earthquakes and heavy rain disasters.

Recently, industrial circles including paper manufacturing have problems of wastewater treatment, such as an increase in water volume, fluctuation in water quality, aging of existing facilities, and response to strengthening regulations on wastewater. As solution for these problems, it is thought that the fluidized bed type biological method is one of effective means, but there is a big difference in the treatment performance of the facility depends on functionality of bio carrier.

The PVA sponge bio carrier “Y-CUBE^® ” has high functionality in terms of hydrophilicity, abrasion resis tance and microbial adhesion, which is essential performance as bio carrier owing to characteristics of PVA and special open-cell structure. We have introduced “Y-CUBE^® ” to companies in various fields such as paper, food, cosmetics and electronic products. In this paper, we introduce the product features of “Y-CUBE^® ”，ex amples of introduction in the paper mill and comparative evaluation results with representative polyurethane bio carrier as sponge type products.

“Y-CUBE^® ” not only has excellent wastewater treatment performance compared with polyurethane bio carrier, but also high response to fluctuation of wastewater quality. Recent paper manufacturing industry has been forced to produce small quantities of many kinds due to diversification of products. This trend will con tinue in the future. Because this is directly linked to fluctuations in the quality of wastewater, it is an urgent task for paper mills to develop wastewater treatment facilities that are highly responsive to fl uctuations. We are convinced that “Y-CUBE^®” will be able to help as a solution to that problem.

In February 2018, Japan Paper Association （JPA） established its Action Plan for Prevention of Industrial Accidents. In the action plan, JPA sets the goal to accomplish zero fatal accidents in the worksites of member companies.

In order to achieve this goal, JPA enhances activities of information sharing and dissemination among members with exhaustive listing of fatal risk spots in each of the production process, as well as information exchange on safety measures between other industries.

We are also organizing The National Conference of the Paper and Pulp Industry on Safety and Health. The Conference has been annually held continuously since 1961. This year, we hold the 59^th Conference.

The total number of participants from the member companies and cooperating corporations is approximately 350–360 every year.

The schedule is three days and two nights, composed of the safety and health award ceremony, lecture, workshops and plant visit. The participants spend the whole of the second day for workshop sessions （in small groups of less than ten people）. The workshop sessions are held in a form similar to education/training；for example, the participants are required to examine the theme of discussion before joining the discussion of workshop sessions. The discussion of workshop sessions by participants characterizes the Conference, together with the schedule of three days and two nights.

Hardwood bleached kraft pulp was oxidized using a TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system to prepare two TEMPO–oxidized pulps （TOPs） with similar amounts of aldehyde groups but different amounts of carboxy groups. The original pulp and TOPs were refi ned using a PFI mill at various revolution numbers, and the influence of refining conditions on the fundamental properties of TOP sheets was investigated. The tensile strength of TOP sheets was higher than that of the original pulp sheet prepared using the same PFI mill revolution numbers. Refi ning of TOPs signifi cantly improved wet tensile strength of the TOP sheets, whereas the original pulp did not exhibit such eff ect by refi ning. A clear relationship existed between the wet strength and the amount of aldehyde groups in the pulps. These results can be explained by the formation of hemiacetal linkages between the hydroxy and aldehyde groups at the interfi ber bonds in the sheets, which resulted in the increase in the wet strength of the TOP sheets. These results also indicated that refi ning is benefi cial for improving wet tensile strength when TOPs are used for papermaking.