JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL

[title in Japanese]

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 66
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_66

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Erratum to : Studies on Brightness Reversion of Pulps (V)

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 71b
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_71b

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Erratum to : Dielectric Properties of Tritylcellulose with various Degree of Substitution

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 71a
Published: 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 19, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_71a

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My Remembrance of Improvement for Paper Making

Itsuki Nishi

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 212-214
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_212

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Past and Present Challenges of Lignin Chemistry

CONRAD SCHUERCH

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 215-222
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_215

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Plan and Operation for Kraft Paper Making by Verti Forma

Tetsuyuki Futakawa

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 223-232
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_223

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[title in Japanese]

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 233
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_233

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[title in Japanese]

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 234-236
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_234

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Studies on the Testing Method for Tearing Stremgth of Paper and Paperboard

Yasumasa Arai, Fumio Takahashi, Shoichi Matsumoto, Yutaka Takishima

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 237-246
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_237

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Testing method for tearing strength of paper and paperboard in Japanese Industrial Standard is required to be reviewed now, since their testing method in ISO Recommendation was revised recently.
To specify the suitable value of their physical properties for papers, the new testing method is examined and compared with the old one.
As a result, it is concluded that the difference of the test value for them is caused the stiffness of papers and the tearing process of them.

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Generation of Wet Strength in Paper Sheet Made of Fibrous Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Masataka Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Noguchi, Hitoshi Kubota, Yoshitaka Ogiwara

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 247-253
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_247

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The present study was carried out to obtain a fundamental information about the generation of wet strength based on the natural aging and the heat treatment of paper sheet made of fibrous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Amounts of ester or lactone linkage formed by the heat treatment in CMC fibers with various degrees of substitution (DS) were determined by the indirect iodometry, and the relationship between the chemical changes and the mechanical properties of CMC paper was investigated. The results are as follows :
(1) By examining the hydroxylamine-ferric chloride test, the cleavage reaction of ester linkages by a KI-KIO₃ solution and the reduction treatment with NaBH₄, it was confirmed that a small part of free carboxyl groups in CMC samples was consumed to form ester and lactone linkages in the processes of the natural aging and the heat treatment.
(2) The amount of ester linkage formed in CMC differed with the DS of the samples and rose with the increasing DS. However, the estimated change was less than about 10% of the total carboxyl group in CMC, indicating not a large part of the carboxyl group to participate to the chemical change.
(3) It was believed that the inteamolecular, intermolecular and interfiber dehydrations in CMC samples by the natural aging and the heat treatment lead to the formation of ester or lactone linkage, which constructs the cross-linked structure, resulting directly in the generation of wet strength and the lowering of alkali solubility of CMC paper.

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Studies on Recovery of Chemicals and Manufacture of Activated Substances from Pulping Waste Liquor

Part 1 Use of Softwood KP-Waste Liquor

Kunio Tosaka, Jisuke Hayashi

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 254-264
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_254

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Experiment were carried out in order to obtain activated substances from waste liquor of kraft cooking, together with the recovery of the chemicals.
The results were summarized as follows ;
1) The organic matters contained in the kraft pulping waste liquor were completely carbonized to the state of no sulfur and insoluble in water under air tight at 500°C for 1 hour. As the results, the carbonized matter could be separated from recovering chemicals.
2) Among the carbonized matter was activated under several conditions the best activated substances comparable to a commercial active carbon “Shirasagi” in the effect of decolorization of kraft pulp washing liquor, was obtained by the treatment of 800°C, 1 hour in the addition of 20% of Na₂SO₄ or Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄.
3) Concentrated matter containg the chemicals in the waste liquor was also activated at 800°C for 2 hours in the addition of 20% of Na₂SO₄ or Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄. The activated substances obtained had similarly the decolorizing power comparable to the commercial active cabon.
4) The conditions remaining no chemicals added on the activation, were the temperature of 750 or 800°C for 2 hours in case of the addition of 10% Na₂SO₄.

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Studies on High Yield Pulp Production With Various Sulfite Cooking Liquors.

Part 2. Peeling of Middle Lamella during Defibration of Cooked Wood.

Tadashi Iwamida, Yuichiro Sumi, Junzo Nakano

1975 Volume 29 Issue 5 Pages 265-276
Published: May 01, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: November 10, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.29.5_265

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Spruce wood was cooked with four kinds of sulfite cooking liquors (pH 1.8, 4.0, 7.0 and 9.8), respectively, and pulps were prepared by defiberizing slices (thickness, 90-120 μm) of cooked woods (cooked yield, approximately 85%). Defibration was done in water by means of a blender.
The plane, exposed when the cooked wood was ruptured by the shearing force, was observed by an electron microscope and also compared with the fiber surface of pulp (Photo. 1-11). Furthermore, film-like fragments were found in the filtrate after the defibration of cooked wood (Photo. 14-23).
The results obtained are explained as follows ;
(1) When the sulfite cooked wood was subjected to the defibration, a part of middle lamella was peeled from the cell wall, together with separation of individual fibers.
(2) In the case of bisulfite, neutral sulfite and monosulfite cooked woods, the peeling occurred within the middle lamella and the fiber surface of pulp thus obtained was still covered with the middle lamella.
(3) In the case of acid sulfite cooked wood, the peeling occurred at the boundary region between the middle lamella and the secondary wall, and the secondary wall was exposed as the fiber surface to a considerable extent.
(4) Based on the above results, the peeling diagram of the middle lamella is proposed as shown in Fig. 3.
(5) A part of pit border had a tendency to be peeled from the fiber surface by the defibration and to give a circular fragment in the filtrate (Photo. 23, 26-28). This phenomenon was characteristic in the defibration of acid sulfite cooked wood.

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