JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL

Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components

Mechanism and Control

Takayoshi Higuchi

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 471-478
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.471

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The present state of biochemistry of biosynthesis and microbial degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are described. Then, the control of the cell wall formation, and microbial degradation of wood components by biotechnological methods such as gene expression is discussed for improvement for biomass conversion and pulping.

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Chemical engineering approach to pulp-suspension flow

Kohei Ogawa, Shiro Yoshikawa, Hirohisa Ogawa

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 479-490
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.479

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An experimental investigation of a pulp-suspension flow in a circular pipe was made. The pressure loss was measured by using pressure transducers, and the velocity gradient at pipe wall and the local velocity were measured by an electrochemical technique. The local pulp-fiber concentration was also directly measured by sampling the pulp-suspension flowing in a circular pipe.
Flow characteristics of pulp-suspension was examined from the lower flow region of the relation between pressure loss and flow rate. The relationship between friction facter and Reynolds number was examined. Though there were inconsistencies between the flow characteristics and the relationship between friction facter and Reynolds number, the inconsistencies were explained by considering the mechanism of pulp-suspension flow on the measured pulp-fiber concentration distribution and the measured velocity distribution and so on. And a model for the lower flow region of under one-percent concentrated pulp-suspension was presented.

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Technical Discussion

Engineering in the Pulp and Paper Industry in Japan-How should it be ?

David L. Chanslor, Tokue Iwatsu

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 491-500
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: April 23, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.491

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Up until a few decades ago, the major paper companies-in the U. S. used to have their own in-house engineering groups. They were efficient and economically justifiable when the industy was young and mill constructions were succssive. However, with time, the paper industry reached maturity. The present U. S. practice of engaging the outside professinal engineering teams, staffed with the experts in the various disciplines, seems reasonable. Starting with pros and cons of this system, the discussion covered such subjects as electronic design management, potential markets in the Pacific Rim, difference of design concepts in Japan vis-à-vis U. S. A., etc. Both parties agreed there was a tremendous possibility, if expertise of U. S. engineering firms in organizing projects, Japanese technological competence, Pacific Rim's resources and its emerging affluence were combined.

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Twist Warp-Causes and Remedies

Axel Wennerblom

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 501-505
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.501

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Kishu Mill, Kishu Paper Co., Ltd.

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 506-513
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.506

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General Instrumental Analyses in Pulp and Paper Research (I)

Basics of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Akira Isogai

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 514-520
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.514

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Summarization of Responses Questionnaire sent to Member Companies on the slime in the Effluent Water of Pulp and Paper making

Environmental Technical Committee

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 521-526
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.521

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 527
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.527

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Effect of pretreatment of mechanical pulps with yeast on depression of color reversion of mechanical pulps

Studies on Biological Treatment of Mechanical Pulps (V)

Sanro Tachibana, Kazuhisa Okada, Shinzi Kawanishi, Katumi Okubo, Masas ...

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 528-539
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.528

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Light-induced color reversion of thermomechanical pulp (TMP), groundwood (GP) and pressurized groundwood pulp (PGW) could suppress by pretreatment of unbleached TMP, GP and PGW, respectively, with yeast and followed by alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Pretreatment of unbleached TMP with yeast for 3 hours under 350 rpm and followed by bleaching was found to give highly effect on depression of the color reversion of TMP. The effect was 35% to that of the untreated pulp. Furthermore, the color reversion of TMP could also suppress 39% to that of the untreated pulp when unbleached TMP was bleached with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and followed by yeast treatment. Regardless of the difference of bleaching sequences, almost no difference in the effect was observed.
The effect of pretreatment of GP and PGW with yeast on depression of the color reversion was not so high as that of TMP. However, the effects was 11 to 19% to that of the untreated pulps. In the case of GP and PGW, the effect was not affected by the bleaching sequences in the similar manner as that of TMP.
In order to decrease amount of use of yeast, yeast was incorporated with sodium alginate to make immobilized yeast, and applied for depresssion of the color reversion. Pretreatment of unbleached TMP with immobilized yeast for 48 hours under 350 rpm and followed by bleaching was found to suppress 18% to that of the untreated pulp. The, results show that the effect can be increased in depression of the color reversion by changing the treatment conditions. The amount of use of yeast could be decreased in about one-half by immobilization, and it is possible to reuse in the pretreatment of mechanical pulp for depression of the color reversion.
Based on the results of the reactivity between a model compound and yeast, reactions responsible for depression of the color reversion was mainly reduction reactions, but some of oxidation reactions also seems to contribute the depression.

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Observation of deforming and fracturing processes of paper by using infrared thermography

Tatsuo Yamauchi, Koji Murakami

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 540-545
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.540

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Thermography has been found to be useful for detecting the local variations in temperature of paper sheet and the thermal energy transfer in paper under strain. The changes in temperature images during the course of tensile straining could describe the local deforming and fracturing processes of paper. In the plastic deformation region, paper deformed homogeneously in macro-scale but heterogeneously in micro-scale. Stress concentration on the tip of notch began at the midway of plastic deformation of the notched paper sheet, while low level stress was distributed throughout the whole paper sheet.

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The behavior of wood resin during kraft pulping and pitch problems

Part 2 Resin balance at a mill and resin behavior during different kraft pulpings

Zensaku Abe

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 546-553
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.546

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This investigation was carried out to obtain a better understanding of the hydrolysis of methanol extractives (wood resin) and their removal including unsaponifiable materials from wood chips during pulping. The effect of active alkali charge and cooking time on the hydrolysis of wood resin and their removal were studied. The washing effect on the removal of wood resin was also examined.
The results are summarizied as follows :
1. The neutrals of methanol extractives (wood resin) are completely hydrolyzed during kraft pulping by an active alkali charge of more than 15% to wood chips.
2. The components readily soluble in an alkali-liquor such as low fatty acids and low molecular phenols are removed out of pulp during pulping without difficulty.
3. Most of unsaponifiable materials in wood chips still remain in pulp after pulping.
4. None of wood resin components is assumed to be able to pass through the cell wall unless they are dissolved in an alkali-liquor or organic solvents.
5. The amount of unbleached pulp extractives dissolved in an alkali-liquor should be used as an indicator of washing efficiency for unbleached pulp instead of total amount of extractives in pulp.

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[title in Japanese]

1992 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 554-560
Published: April 01, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: November 16, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.46.554

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