Studies were carried out on the properties of an alkaline phosphatase, related to the degradation of 5′-IMP in carp muscle.
The phosphatase was found to be present in a particular, light particles of muscle cells. It was concentrated by ultracentrifugation of the muscle extract, solubilized by the treatment with n-butanol, and purified by the chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column.
The activity for the hydrolysis of 5′-IMP was found in 2 fractions, I and II. In fraction I, the phosphatase was purified 416 times compared to the initial carp muscle homogenate on a protein nitrogen basis, and in fraction II, it was purified 264 times.
These phosphatases were found to exhibit a marked specificity for 5′-nucleotides and to have maximum activity at pH 7.5. The properties examined of them were resembling each other, except that the pH-activity curve of fraction I only had a shoulder at pH 9 in the presence of Mg⁺⁺, and that the apparent pKm value for 5′-IMP at pH 7.5 was 4.31 for fraction I and 4.57 for fraction II.

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The status of nutrition uptake in hospitals, manufactories and dormitories was summarized. The mean value of the calorie for each person was 2521 in the menu and 1949 in the practical uptake.

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Cow's milk and human milk proteins were separated into casein and serum protein, and these were digested with pepsin. The degree of digestion, sieve analysis of digested products, nitrogen quantity of TCA precipitation and separation with Sephadex G-50 were studied. The digestion of human milk protein was slower than that of cow's milk protein, but it was assumed that its digestion into lower peptides or amino acids was sufficiently fast.

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Various fats and fatty acids were given to rats in order to analyze fatty acid composition of depot fat. The result indicated that:
1) Saturated fatty acid was turned into depot fat and at the same time mono-unsaturated fatty acid having the corresponding carbon chain was synthesized and deposited.
2) Fatty acid composition varied with the kind of fat and fatty acid intaken. However, the ratio of total saturated fatty acid to total unsaturated fatty acid was constant, being approximately 1: 2 in most cases.

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1. The authors investigated on the antimicrobial activities of iodine using the following microorganisms: 22 strains of microorganisms, 13 strains of molds, 3 strains of yeast, 1 strain of actinomycetes and 5 strains of bacteria.
2. From the experimental results, the chemical under investigation showed marked antimicrobial activities against all strains except Bacillus subtilis IAM 1143.
3. The growth of all strains belonging to yeast, actinomycetes and bacteria except B. subtilis IAM 1143 was inhibited at the concentration range of 10ppm to 50ppm for 15 sec. to 10min.
4. The growth of Escherichia coli IAM 1239 was inhibited at the concentration of 10ppm for 1 min. or 50ppm for 15 sec., and that of Staphylococcus aureus IAM 1011 at the concentration of 25ppm for 1min. or 50ppm for 15 sec.
5. The growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes IAM 5064 was inhibited at the concentration of 10ppm for 1min. or 25ppm for 15 sec. and four strains of molds isolated from the fresh beef were also affected at the concentration of 25ppm to 100ppm for 2.5min.

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In order to learn if there is any definite relationship between the basal and the resting metabolism in the child and to compare it as such in the adult, the basal metabolism of twenty one institute. children, four to five years of age, and also the resting metabolism of ten of these children were determined in June 1965. The mean basal metabolism was greater in boys than in girls, amounting to 34.07±2.96 in the four year boys, 34.74±1.76 in the five year boys, and 31.85±4.18 calories per hour in the four year girls. The basal metabolism was correlated most highly with the body weight among the three factors; namely, the weight, the height and the body surface, showing r=0.724. The mean resting metabolism of 39.75 calories per hour has been found to be in the ratio to the basal metabolism of 1.19±0.08, and almost identical with the adult ratio 1.20.

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The resting metabolism of sixteen kindergarden-children, five years of age, has been determined, and their basal metabolism was calculated from them, using the ratio, resting/ basal, 1.19. The mean resting metabolism was higher in boys than in girls, 43.20±5.40, 41.57±2.10 calories per hour in each and also 1.047 times greater than that of the institute children of the same age. The basal metabolism calculated from the measured resting metabolism was 36.3±4.5 in the five year old boys, and 34.9±1.8 calories per hour in the five year old girls. They were rather closer to the Lamb's data than to those by Nakagawa on the Japanese children. This may probably be due to the close resemblance of the weight and height of our subjects to those of the Lamb's subjects.

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The calorie intake of the institute- and home- children whose basal metabolism was measured directly, or indirectly through the resting metabolism directly measured and found to be within the range of the physiological variation has been determined by weighing all the foods taken during 6 or 3 days, and discovered to be 1.35-1.48 times as much as the basal metabolism in the institute children and 1.69-1.94 times in the home children. The activity index 0.56 used for calculation of calorie requirement of Japanese preschool children's was reached only by the girls of the home children with others' very low values 0.21-0.34.

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A reliable and reproducible modified palarographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and reduced form ascorbate coexisting in an aqueous solution.
The behavior of nitrite and reduced form ascorbate coexisting in some aqueous model systems at the pH range from 5.0 to 7.0 has been investigated by this modified polarographic method. In addition, a study of the effects of some food additives on this modified polarographic method has been performed. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In a solution sample containing both nitrite and reduced form ascorbate, no decomposition of nitrite took place at the pH range above 5.5 immediately after preparation at 0°C, while in the solution sample heated at 75°C for 1 hour, nitrite decomposed at the pH range from 5.0 to 7.0.
(2) When the solution sample was heated for an hour at 75°C and 95°C after being stored for 72 hours at 0°, 4° and 37°C, the decomposition rate of nitrite increased with decreasing pH and inereasing temperature of storage and heating.
(3) The behavior of reduced form ascorbate in the solution sample, on the whole, was found to exhibit a similar tendency to that of nitrite mentioned above.
(4) Of the food additives employed usually in processing meat products, sodium chloride, reduced form ascorbate and isoascorbate did not interfere with this modified method in determining nitrite, whereas nitrate, nicotinamide, cysteine and phosphates did at their respective concentrations usually used in meat processing.
(5) Excepting reduced form isoascorbate, all the additives tested did not interfere with this modified method in determining reduced form ascarbate.

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Commonly used foods in Japan have been biologically analyzed for their vitamin E content. One of the two kinds of frying oil examined by us, one mayonnaise and cabbage showed almost no activity. Some activity was present in the other frying oil, alcohol extract of soybean, and that of unpolished rice. The presence of vitamin E activity in unpolished rice was confirmed by chemical method. And the very great loss of vitamin E due to the processing of rice is illustrated by chemical analysis.

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Pantothenic acid content in serum of residents in rice field areas and in upland areas was determined. The data showed that the pantothenic acid content in serum of people living in rice field areas had a significantly low pantothenic acid content as compared with that of people in the upland areas.
The relation between the occurrence of hypertension among people in the two areas and the dietary supply of pantothenic acid were discussed.

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The growth of young rats fed the diet containing 0.1% of tryptophan was superior to that of rats fed 0.08% tryptophan diet. HoWever, in spite of the normal growth, the blood γ-globulin level of the former was as low as that of rats fed 0.08% tryptophan diet.
It is suggested that the 0.1% tryptophan diet is sufficient for the normal growth of young rats, but isinsufficient for the formation of blood γ-globulin.
The blood γ-globulin level of rats fed the low methionine diet did not fall, in contrast with the case of low tryptophan diet.

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It is a well-known fact that phytosterols can reduce plasma cholesterol levels in rats. The authors carried out the feeding experiments with low sterols containing unsaponifiable matter separated from soybean oil. The results indicated that the unsaponifiable matter itself did not show any reducing effects against plasma cholesterol. However, rats fed the same unsaponifiable matter with soy-sterols had the plasma cholesterol lower than that of rats fed soy-sterols alone (Table IV). From these results the unsaponifiable matter seems to promote an effect of phytosterols to lower the plasma cholesterol. The effective substance is presumably tocopherol in the unsaponifiable matter.

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One of the following treatments was given to red and white portions of chicken meat, respectively, before preparation of the freeze-dried materials; (a) no treatment, (b) antioxidant treatment, (c) antioxidant and soysauce treatment, and (d) antioxidant, soysauce and methylcellulose treatment. The freeze-dried meat was stored at higher temparature than usual (37°C) for several months.
Oxidative deterioration of fat in the samples was investigated by gas chromatographic analysis of the compositional changes of fatty acids in free state and neutral fat.
The deterioration degree of the sample meat during storage was traced with measurement of various chemical values of fat (acid, neutralization, iodine, saponification, peroxide and carbonyl values), with thiobarbituric acid test and with above mentioned gas chromatographic analysis. The results indicated that antioxidants, especially in combination with soysauce, were useful for storing freeze-dried chicken meat. Thus, it was proved that chicken meat containing considerable amount of unsaturated fatty acids was storable as long as seven months even at 37°C without significant changes in quality, if the meat was treated properly, for instance, with antioxidants and soysauce before freeze-drying. The interesting effect of soysauce on the stored meat may be interpreted as due to an antioxidative function of amino acid in it, and/or due to some of its functions concerning with sensary such as taste.

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The plasma cholesterol lowering effect of dehydrofrozen soybean curd and a soybean product, Yuba, which are traditional Japanese soybean products, was studied. Young adult male rats of Wistar strain were fed for 6 weeks on the hypercholesterolemic diet (control) containing 1% of cholesterol, 10% of lard, 5% of soybean oil and 20% of total protein and the diets supplemented with 20% of dehydrofrozen soybean curd which found to contain 50.6% of protein and 30.1% of lipid, and 20% of Yuba, which found to contain 49.6% of protein and 22.3% of lipid. As the results, the plasma cholesterol was reduced to 88% of the control group with the addition of dehydrofrozen soybean curd and to 89% of the control with Yuba. By increasing the amounts of addition, the plasma cholesterol was reduced to 79% with 30% of the dehydrofrozen soybean curd, and to 73% of the control with the addition of 8.5% of the lipid extract of the soybean curd in equivalent amount contained in 30% of the soybean curd. The results confirmed that the Japanese soybean foods, dehydrofrozen soybean curd and “Yuba, ” are effective in lowering of the plasma cholesterol of the rats fed on the hypercholesterolemic diet, and the effect is mainly with the lipid fraction of the soybean.

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