When a mixture of riboflavin (RF) and p-aminosalicylate (PAS) in a very small volume of pyridine was heated and diluted, red color was obtained. By gel-filtration with Sephadex G-15 followed by paper chromatography with butanol : acetic acid : water (4: 1: 5), formation of red substance was confirmed. In addition, some other substances were also produced, which were detected as yellow spots on paper chromatogram under UV light. In the absorption spectrum of the red product, 3 peaks were observed at 266 mμ, 525 mμ and 565 mμ. It remained at the original point by paper chromatography and was found to be non-dialysable and to be isolated from the reaction mixture through sufficient dialysis. Its melting point was shown to be 324°-326°C (dec.). Yellow solution was formed by dissolving it in conc. HCl or N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), but turned to red by dilution. Incidentally, the spectrum having 2 peaks at 490 mμ and 264 mμ or 283 mμ changed to the original one with 3 peaks.
In the formation of the red substance, only PAS and RF are effective, but other phenolic derivatives and FMN, FAD or lumiflavin have no or less ability. Much quantities of the red substance were formed for longer reaction time and at higher temperature. Furthermore, the optimum ratio in amount of RF and PAS was observed to obtain the maximum yield. Volume and concentration of pyridine must be also restricted for the maximal production. Glacial acetic acid and DMF could be also employed as solvent. However, pinkish red substance which has Rf value of about 0.17 was formed with acetic acid differing from pyridine and DMF. On the contrary, formation of the red substance was not confirmed with butyl alcohol nor octyl alcohol.

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Relationship between the dietary protein levels (0.8 and 20%) and enzyme activities of liver (hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, arginase and serine dehydratase) was studied on rats administered insulin for three weeks.
Although higher level of protein in diets brought the better growth of rats, insulin (1 iu/100g body weight/day) injected intraperitoneally affected scarcely (at any protein level) on the growth rate as well as on dietary intake.
In rats fed a protein-free diet, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and serine dehydratase little responded to insulin, but glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased twice as much as the control.
In the low (8%) protein level, activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase increased about 100% and 40%, respectively, with insulin administration.
In the normal (20%) protein level, activities of hexokinase increased 240%, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and arginase decreased about 40% in response to insulin administration.
Some discrepancy on the behavior of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase between the present results and those obtained in other laboratories with shorter period (less than a week) of insulin administration was discussed.

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The effect of diets containing Shiitake (Lentinus eddodes), Lentidin or linoleic acid on fatty acid composition of plasma and liver lipids was studied with rats. Decrease of cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids in plasma were observed by the feeding of Shiitake or Lentidin, however, these lipids in liver increased. Significant decrease of unsaturated fatty acid in cholesterol ester was observed along with decreasing of plasma cholesterol level. Decrease of saturated fatty acid, and elevation of unsaturated fatty acid in phospolipids was detected.

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The change of amylase (E. C. 3. 2. 1. 3) and maltase (E. C. 3. 2. 1. 20) activities, 80% ethanol-soluble sugar content and constituent of this sugar fraction was investigated during the germination of rice seeds.
In the earlier stage of the germination, the enzyme activities and content of sugar were a little, and constituent of the sugar was only glucose, fructose and sucrose. In the next stage of the germination, rapid increase of soluble sugar content was observed according to the increase of amylase activity. In the sugar, di-, tri- and tetra-saccharide were detected by paper chromatography.
Disaccharides formed during the germination were sucrose, nigerose, maltose, kojibiose and isomaltose. They were isolated by carbon-Celite column chromatography and paper chromatography, and identified by paper and thin-layer chromatography, specific rotation and paper electrophoresis. The order of the yield of each saccharide was as follows: sucrose>maltose>isomaltose>kojibiose>nigerose. Formation of isomaltose, kojibiose and nigerose was presumed to be due to transglucosylation action of maltase.

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A photometric phenylfluorone method after extracting germanium with a carbon tetrachloride has been improved as follows for the purpose of measuring germanium in foods.
Transfer the sample (containing less than 8μg of germanium) obtained by dry incineration (550°C) into a 50ml separating funnel. Extract the germanium by shaking for 2 minutes with 5ml of a carbon tetrachloride. Add 2ml of the extraction to 2ml of 0.01% phenylfluorone solution containing 0.01% hydrochloric acid. After 10 minutes below 20°C measure the absorbancy at 508mμ.
The result of determination of germanium in 20 kinds of foods showed that the contents ranged from 0.2μg to 17.5μg in 100g of foods and was comparatively higher in soybean, carrot and KUKO leaves.

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The soybean contains about 10% oligosaccharides consisting of 5% sucrose, 1% raffinose, and 4% stachyose and they are distributed among edible leguminous seeds. Among them sucrose is freely utilized by men and animals after enzymatic digestion into glucose and fructose, while raffinose or stachyose with one or two α-galactosyl linkages cannot be decomposed to simple sugars to be absorbed. However, the acidity of gastric juice may contribute in their hydrolysis. The pH of human gastric juice varies widely; normal values are 1.1-2.6. The gastric parietal cells secrete a fluid of constant composition, which is practically a pure solution of 0.17 N HCl (pH 0.87). Thus the hydrolysis of sucrose, raffinose, or stachyose was examined at various degrees of acidity of HCl (in the range of normal gastric acidity), and the hydrolyzates were identified as fructose and fructosyl-free reducing oligosaccharides by paper chromatography. By using the experimental values of reducing power of hydrolyzates and mixed standard sugars, 0.7-12.6% of raffinose and 0.57-9.36% of stachyose were found to be decomposed (as fructose) at pH 2.1-0.86 at 37°C after 3 hours.

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The freeze dried pork meat was digested by pepsin and trypsin. And fat autoxidation was measured with TBA method. The free amino acids contents and TBA measurements were made from July to December. The maximum level of free amino acids liberation was appeared 2-4 week after the drying, and this liberation was decreased gradually. The free amino acids liberation was remarkably decreased after 12-14 weeks. The peptides, intermediates of protein digestion, was increased gradually in the storage. The TBA changes and protein digestibility was not related in this experiment.

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Determination of vitamin C was carried out with such stalk vegetables as brackens and bamboo shoots in an attempt to clarify the distribution of the ascorbic acid in tissues of these vegetables. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) The rapidly growing uppermost portion of bracken stalks had the highest vitamin C content; the vitamin C content diminished gradually with the decreasing distance from the base of each segment. Such was also the case with the dehydroascorbic acid.
2) A bamboo shoot grows normally with the extension of the growth zone at the base of each segment between joints as well as that of the apical portion. Distribution of vitamin C in bamboo tissue was found virtually proportionate to it; the vitamin C content was prominent in the apical portion of a whole plant, while the base of each segment was richest in vitamin C content between joints. Dehydroascorbic acid showed a similar tendency. Transverse septa, in contrast, which lack eminent physiologial significance were found to be fairly low both in vitamin C content and in dehydroascorbic acid content.
Assays for vitamin C, in mg per unit weight of dry solid sample, revealed the same tendencies of ascorbic acid distribution as in the cases of raw brackens and bamboo shoots.

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Fractionation of bovine milk protein by zone electrophoresis has been performed during first 7 days after parturition.
Whey roteins of colostrum were fractionated using cellulose acetate membrane in a veronal buffer. Immediately after parturition the total protein content of bovine colostrum was high and the major proteins were immunoglobulins, especially euglobulin. The ratio of euglobulin to total whey protein was 65%. Euglobulin content fell very rapidly and was soon less than pseudoglobulin.
Caseins of colostrum were fractionated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a Tris-EDTA-boric buffer containing 7 M urea. The electrophoretical patterns of colostrum were similar to normal milk but the κ-casein content of the colostrum between the first day and the forth day were high. The casein derived from colostrum obtained immediately after parturition contained 0.88% sialic acid.

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n-Hexane treatment on commercial milled rice was carried out to investigate its effect on the rice quality and storage deterioration.
1)n-Hexane treatment resulted in the decrease of content of extraneous lipid, but it dose not affect the content of moisture and Fat-by-Hydrolysis. Among the cooking quality parameters, the rate of weight increase and the amounts of solubilized solid were increased. Amylogram pattern was not altered with the treatment.
2) Not any organoleptic change was observed in the flavor of cooked rice withn-Hexane treatment.
3) Storage deterioration at 40°C was clearly prevented in then-Hexane treated rice, but it was not so perfectly restrained as the low temperature storage.
4) The cooking rice flavor of stored rice at 40°C was considerably improved withn-Hexane treatment, but not so far to that of milled rice stored at 5°C.

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