The effects of excess iodine and kombu (tangle) on the iodine metabolism were studied in rats. in the group of rats given iodine (50mg/diet 100g), the rats bleed from eyehole and nostril, and one rat out of them died for bleeding from the intestine.
Thyroidal total iodine content in the groups administered excess iodine decreased than that in the control group.
Also in the case of the excess iodine intake, the good positive correlations (p<0.001) between the amount of iodine intake and iodine excretion in urines per day or the iodine-creatinine ratio per 1ml of the urine { (iodine mg/ml) / (total creatinine g/ml) } were found. Then it was confirmed that the iodine-creatinine ratio made it possible to judge whether the amount of iodine intake was adequate or not. The limit of excess iodine intake was presumed to be less than 20 for man and about 1, 000 for rats by the iodine-creatinine ratio in urines.

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Male-weanling rats were fed on a basal protein and a high-quality protein made of the basal protein pius 4 amino acids of L-threonine, L-methionine, L-lysine and L-trygtvphan. Levels of urinary α-aminoketanes (AK) of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and aminaacetone (AA) were assayed.
Urinary AK levels of rats on the high-quality protein were about 4 times higher than those of rats on the basal protein. It was supposed that the above-mentioned high levels originated from either quality of fed protein or any amino acid supplemented to the basal protein. With single supplementation of each of essential amino acids and glycine to the basal protein, it was clearly indicated that urinary AK levels were greatly risen by threonine, but were fallen by methionine. The other amino acids had not such properties. Furthermore, it was proved that change of urinary AK levels depended on that of AA levels without any relation to ALA levels.

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In order to examine what organ or tissue was affected mostly by the photodynamic sensitization by pheophorbide, several serum enzyme activities and serum protein level as a signal of functional activities for the liver were determined.
In addition, hemolysis of red blood cells, serotonin and vascular permeability were also determined. It was found that serum GOT and GPT were elevated and moderate degree of hemolysis occurred, but serotonin determination and the vascular permeability were within the normal range.
It was considered that hypersensitiveness of photodynamic sensitization might be due to anemia and myocardial damage, but not due to inflammation.

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In the previous paper it was suggested that the hypersensitiveness of the photodynamic sensitization was mainly responsible for myocardial damage.
In order to confirm this speculation, the electrocardiographic observation was carried out.
The electrocardiogram showed closely resemble to a pattern of the hyperkalemia.
Then, the levels of serum electrolytes were determined on the female rats, and the high level of potassium in serum was observed.
These facts suggested that the hemolysis was induced by hypersensitiveness of the photodynamic sensitization with pheophorbide.

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The antioxidant effects of petrolium ether soluble fractions from ground spices on lard were studied and compared with those of BHA and tocopherols.
The results obtained are summerized as follows:
1. Petroleum ether soluble fractions of eight spices, namely, oregano, allspice, cinnamon, anise seed, celery seed, black pepper, coriander and cumin seed were found to be antioxidative. The antioxidant effect of the petroleum ether soluble fraction of oregano was equal to that of BHA at a concentration of 0.02% in lard, whereas, those of other seven spices showed almost equivalent antioxidant effect to that of tocopherols at a concentration of 0.1%. However, those fractions were found not to be so strong antioxidative as BHA at a concentration of 0.1%.
2. The petroleum ether insoluble fractions of red pepper, tarragon, bay leaves, basil and poppy seed showed equivalent antioxidant effect to that of tocopherols at a concentration of 0.1%.
3. Both the petrolium ether soluble and insoluble fractions of rosemary, sage, mace, thyme, marjoram, clove, ginger and nutmeg were found to show stronger antioxidant effect on lard than that of BHA at a concentration of 0.02%. The results obtained so far indicate that more than two chemically and physically different unknown antioxidative compounds, other than tocopherols, might be existed in those spices.

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Selenium content of foodstuffs available in Japan was determined by measuring either colorimetrically or fluorometrically the amount of piazselenols. No selenofluous item to be noted here was found among foodstuffs conventionally consumed in Japan, while among foodstuffs of relatively high selenium content were sardine, skipjack and garlic bulb, followed by cereals, meats and dairy products. Selenium level was found low in microbial and algal cells which have attracted attention as new food or feed sources. The amount of selenium in average Japanese diet was calculated basing on analytical data previously published by other investigators and the data of the present investigation, and the per capita intake of foods compiled by food groups. Water and other drinks were omitted from this calculation, which yielded selenium intake of approximately 208μg per capita per day from the diet of 1, 297g per day, the value comparing fairly well with the reported average intakes in USA of 60 to 150μg and in Canada of 98 to 224μg. The principal source of selenium in Japanese diet were cereals, followed by pulses and fish, and then poultry. Possibility of a selenium deficiency, at least in adults, appeared to be remote so far as these foods constituted the major items in Japanese diet.

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The oligosaccharides comprise approximately 10% the dry weight of soybeans (Glycine max) and are an important energy source for seed during germination and early growth. Sucrose, raffinose and stachyose are the principal oligosaccharides of this group and occur in ratios of approximately 5: 1: 4 in mature seeds.
In the germinating soybean seeds, the changes in oligosaccharides were measured by gas-liquid chromatography of TMS derivertives of sugars and the activity of α-galactosidase was determined by using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate.
On germination raffinose and stachyose decreased rapidly and then disappeared completely after 4 days. On germination sucrose somewhat increased up to 3rd day and then decreased gradually down to trace amounts on the 7th day. During the disappearance of these oligosaccharides, glucose and fructose, present originally in trace amounts, increased a little, but galactose, melibiose or manninotriose was not detectable at any stage.
The enzyme activity was fairly high in ungerminated seeds and increased by germination. The highest activity was observed 3 day after germination. The enzyme activity showed different change according to the days of germination, when measured at pH 5.2 and 7.2. This might be due to the presence of at least two forms af α-galactosidase in soybean seeds and seedlings.

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The effects of excess sodium chloride intake on the iodine metabolism in rats were studied changing the ratio of sodium chloride to iodine.
Abnormal symptoms in the growth and thyroidal weights were not observed by the administration of more than 2μg of iodine per rat per day, even when 2.5% sodium chloride diets were given. However when excess sodium chloride was given, enlargement of kidneys was observed comparing with controls.
Also in the groups given the small amount of iodine, iodine excretions in urines, the iodinecreatinine ratio and thyroidal iodine contents decreased by the excess sodium chloride intake.
The cholesterol and phosphorus contents in serum were not affected by the excess sodium chloride intake.

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It was well known that the presence of iodide had a negative effect on determination of mercury by the flameless atomic absorption photometry. In this case, however, a permissible amount of iodide differed from one another in workers. Then, the effect of iodide on the mercury determination was examined. As a result, up to about 1μg/ml iodide had no effect on the determination of up to about 0.01μg/ml mercury within the relative error ±4%.
For the determination of mercury in tissues of rat the following method was applied.
Tissues of rats were digested with perchloric acid-nitric acid mixture at 70-75°C overnight. The solution was diluted to 100ml with water, and then 5ml of sulfuric acid (1: 1) and 10ml of stannous chloride solution (10%) were added. 0.01-1μg of mercury was determined with 98-104% recovery in the presence of up to 100μg of iodide.

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The apparent digestibility tests of fats were performed by using the nut fat using rats for 3 days.
Almond, peanut, walnut, brazil nut and chashew nut were used as the foodstuff in the study, respectively.
These experiments were carried out by using diets containing nut or fat extracted from the nut.
The results obtained were as follows;
(1) Apparent absorption of the fat extracted from the nut and the diet containing nut were 98-99% and 97-98%, respectively.
(2) Total amount of bile acid excretes into the feces was as follows almond (7.1mg/day/100g body weight), brazil nut (24.1), walnut (10.1), peanut (21.1) and chashew nut (10.6), respectively.
(3) Fatty acid composition of lipid in the feces was 80.0-94.6% as saturated fatty acid, and 5.4-20.0% as unsaturated fatty acid.

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