Anorexia is a symptom which may be seen in a variety of diseases. Although it has no specific meaning in the diagnosis of some diseases, and it may disappear with the recovery from the diseases, it may sometimes be an object of treatment by itself.
Among the patients in our hospital or in the out patient clinic, anorexia was found in the highest frequency in the patient with gastric diseases. Anorexia was the most frequent reason to restrict the food intake of the patients. The patients with psychosomatic diseases also complain of anorexia in high incidence. The patients with masked depression very frequently had anorexia. An appropriate psycho logical treatment was the best way to control this kind of anorexia.
A proper usage of spices in the preparation of patient's food increased the dietary intake of the anorectic patients. No hazard was observed by giving spices to the patients with renal or liver diseases.
A dietary supplement similar to that proposed by Peters et al, was also tried to the anorectic patients. The supplement was given to the patients not as a food supplement but as a prescription. The caloric intake of the patients with liver cirrhosis and other diseases improved by this mean and better nitrogen balance was observed in many patients.
An amino acid mixture having the same amino acid composition of human milk was also given to the anorectic patients by way of intravenous infusion. Observation of the changes in patient's serum amino acid levels and urinary excretion, indicated that these amino acids in the mixture were highly utilized in the body. The fact was confirmed by the increase inC¹⁴ incoporation in serum albumin whenC¹⁴bicarbonate was injected to rats receiving this mixture.
Decrease in thiamine levels in the serum was observed in anorextic patients, indicating the importance of vitamin supplement in the management of the anorectic patients.

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To investigate the fatty liver due to methionine supplementation to a low casein diet, incorporation of sodium acetate-1-¹⁴C into lipids was studied using the liver slice of rats fed 8% casein diet with or without methionine supplementation.
By the supply of methionine, food intake and liver lipid content increased and incorporation of acetate-1-¹⁴C into lipids was also stimulated in vitro compared with those of 8% casein diet group.
Increased lipogenesis in the liver of rats fed the methionine supplemented diet seems to induce fatty infiltration in the liver.

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In connection with a study on proposed p-aminosalicylate (PAS) dehydrogenasewhose activity was assayed by estimating the increase of the optical density at 340 mμ, non-enzymatic variation was demonstrated in a reaction mixture of NAD, FMN and PAS. The increase of the optical density in visible range of wave length was observed, while no change was found when PAS orFMN had been excluded. In addition, it was shown that NAD is not concerned in the reaction, whereas riboflavin (RF) is also effective in stead of FMN. Thus, it was demonstrated that FMN or RF reacts with PAS in-ducing the increase of the optical density. The increase was higher when thereaction was conducted for longer time, in much alkaline condition and at higher temperature.
No effect on the spectrum of the reaction mixture in the visible range was observed in the presence of some salt such as CuSO₄, MgSO₄ and FeSO₄. However, the decrease of the optical density in UV range was provoked. The variation was quite similar each other, but the degree being with a following order of Mg, Cu and Fe.

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Hydroxyurea is tentatively suggested to be one of the most reasonable reaction product from urea by urea dehydrogenase. Because hydroxyurea has been colorimetrically estimated with p-dimethylamino-benzaldehyde as urea or its derivatives, a procedure for independent estimation of the former from the latters has been required. It was observed that hydroxyurea turns yellowish green with 8-hydroxy-quinoline similar to hydroxylamine, while urea and its derivatives not. In the absorption spectrum of the colored solution of hydroxyurea, a peak is observed at 425 mμ and no absorption over about 600 mμ. On the other hand, in the case of hydroxylamine, the main peak at 710 mμ and the second one at 425 mμ are determined. By discussing some conditions such as buffers, sodium carbonate, coloring temperature and time, the method was established as follows for colorimetry of hydroxyurea, by which urea and its derivatives can not be determined. A mixture of 1 ml hydroxyurea, 1 ml 0.2 M Tris buffer (pH 7.5), 1 ml 1 % 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1 ml 1 M Na₂CO₃ and H₂O to be 5 ml of total volume was incubated at 40°C for 3 hours and the optical density was estimated at 425 mμ. The absorbancy is proportional to concen-tration of hydroxyurea in a range between 5 X 10^-5 M and 10^-3 M.
However, because similar and much intensive coloration was brought about by hydroxylamine, esti-mation of hydroxyurea was disturbed, although the colorimetry of hydroxylamine was not interferred by hydroxyurea. In addition, similar coloration was observed with several substances such as phenyl-hydrazine, semicarbazide and others, which also disturb the estimation of hydroxyurea.

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Metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in weanling period and the recovery of metabolic function of dams from lactating period were observed with primiparous albino rats fed on a basal diet containing 846 mg% of Ca, 622 mg% of P, and 93 mg% of Mg.
In the first 5 days of weanling, excretion of Ca, P and Mg in urine and in feces are higher than those of the following 5 days. After 6th day of the weanling, the excretion of salts begin to decrease and attains to respectively constant value.
The average amount of Ca retention in the first 5 days of the weanling was 18.8 mg per day and was higher than those of the after stage (13.0 mg per day).
The amount of P retention in the first and the middle stage was 9.9 mg and 9.5 mg per day respectively, while it decreased to 6.6 mg per day in the third stage.
As for the magnesium balance, it showed negative in the first stage, but after 6 days of weanling, it turned to positive balance.
From these results, it is assumed that after 6th day of weanling, the metabolic function of dams may recover to the level of normal state before pregnancy.

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A study was carried out for the estimation of milk fat and milk solids-not-fat contents of milkcontaining breads. The determination of total fat content was carried out by the hydrochloric acid decomposition of the bread and then extraction of the fat by light petroleum. To 15 gramme of bread powder, prepared by overnight drying of bread at 50°C, 100 mlof 6 N hydrochloric acid was added, and the mixture was heated for 15 minutes on burner, then for 45 minutes on boiled water bath. After filtration, the content was washed with hot water repeatedly, then the residue was subjected to extraction with organic solvent. From the results obtained, it became clear that the fat content determined by this procedure gave somewhat higher value than those obtained by use of either Grosjean or Weibull method. Only 40-80% of total fat was found to be extracted by use of Soxhlet direct-extraction method. Milk fat content was calculated from semi-micro butyric acid value of the total fat extracted, supposing the value of milk fat to be 18. Milk fat contents of five commercial milk breads sold in Tokyo were found to vary from 0 to 2.15% on dry matter basis.
Lactose contents of breads were determined by use of yeastfermentation procedure. Fehling-Lehmann-Schoorl method was adopted in the determination of reducing power. Milk solids-not-fat con-tents were calculated by multiplication of 1.91 to the lactose anhydride contents obtained. It was con-firmed that the milk solids-not-fat contents of the commercial milk breads were within the range of 3.10-7.42% on dry matter basis.
From the facts described above, it can be concluded that the average milk solids-not-fat level of commercial milk breads was high enough, while their milk fat contents varied by brands considerably.

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In order to prepare delicious cooked shiitake, an investigation was undertaked on the preparatory treatment of dried shiitake (Lentinus edodes (BERK.) SING.) a kind of mushroom popular in the Orient, with special reference to the formation of 5'-GMP.
The rehydration of the dried shiitake was tested at 13°-15°C, at 40°C, and at 80°C, because these temperatures have been practically employed in home cooking in Japan for the rehydration of dried mushrooms. The rehydration was continued until the mushrooms became well swollen and softened; thus, 20 hours, 2 hours, and 30 minutes were required at 13°-15°C, at 40°C, and at 80°C, respectively. The rehydrated shiitake was boiled, together with the liquid in which they had been soaked, until the liquid almost disappeared. The cooked shiitake was then subjected to sensory tests and to analyses of mononucleotides.
The dried shiitake, which was soaked overnight in water at room temperature (13°-15°C) proved to be the best with taste and with flavour. Also, this cooked shiitake had the largest quantity of 5'- GMP as compared with those which were soaked in water at 40°C or at 80°C.

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In the previous report it was observed that large amount of maltitol caused diarrhoea in mammalian system, and maltitol was not digested in vitro significantly by gastrointestinal tract. It has been considered that maltitol is not absorbed in mammalian digestive tract. In this report, absorption and excretion of maltitol-U-14C were observed with rat in vitro and in vivo.
In the experiment of intestinal everted sac, maltitol-U-¹⁴C was slightly transported, and the rate of transport was as jejunum, ileum and duodenum in order. However, the maltitol-U-¹⁴C concentration in serosa of the normal jejunum, where relative amount of maltitol-U-¹⁴C seemed to be transported, was approximately one-tenth of that in mucosa after incubation for 60 min. at 37°C. When rats were adapted to maltitol, they showed a tendency to decrease the maltitol absorption.
On the observation of maltitol-U-¹⁴C orally administered, over 60% of them was remained in gastro-intestinal tract, and only 8% of radioactivities (ca. 8%) was detected in the except for gastrointestinal tract. Relative amount of absorbed radioactivities (ca 5%) were excreted in the urine 24 hours after the administration, and a part of them (1.2%) were expired as respiratory ¹⁴CO₂.
On the observation of maltitol-U-¹⁴C intravenously administered, about 35% of them were excreted in the urine within one hour after the injection, over 60% were 3 hours and over 85% were 24 hours after the administration.
When the rat was adapted to maltitol, passage of maltitol-U-¹⁴C through gastrointestinal tract from duodenum to caecum was elevated, and the excretion of absorbed maltitol-U-¹⁴C into urine had also tendency to increase. However, conversion of maltitol-U-¹⁴C to respiratory ¹⁴CO₂ did not change in the maltitol adaptation.
From these results, it is confirmed that maltitol was slightly absorbed from intestine, and that absorbed maltitol was relatively quickly excreted in urine. Maltitol was considered to be utilized a little in mammalian tissues.

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To compare the metabolic fate of fructose in the human body with that of glucose, one gram perkilogram body weight of fructose or glucose was administered orally to young women, 19-26 years old, and the serum contents of glucose, fructose, inorganic phosphate, lactate and pyruvate were determined before and after the administration with short intervals of time.
Two experiments (took breakfast 2-3 hours before administration or administered after fasting for about 12 hours) were performed, and the concentration of glucose and phosphate showed some discrepancy according to the body condition of the subjects in each experiment. In both experiments, however, the concentration of fructose, lactate and pyruvate increased after fructose administration about twice as much as after glucose administration, and did not return to the initial value even after 120 minutes.
Glucose concentration increased remarkably not only by glucose but also by fructose administration, and inorganic phosphate showed a slight decrease in both cases.
From these results, it is suggested that administered fructose is absorbed rapidly, and a part of which is converted to glucose, and the metabolic fate of absorbed fructose would be different from that of glucose, because the increase of lactate and pyruvate in serum was very much greater than after the glucose administration.
Glucose is metabolized through glucose-6-phosphate to glycogenesis or glycolysis reaction with appropriate regulation mechanism. Fructose is metabolized, on the contrary, through fructose-1-phosphate and several C3 compounds with the conflux to the latter half of glycolysis reaction, and then lactate and pyruvate would increase easily without regulation.

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