Three series of experiments were performed to investigate the influence of dietary protein on serum total protein and albumin. The following results were obtained.
(1) Serum constituents were determined after feeding a diet containing various protein source. The level of total protein in the serum was decreased in the order of casein, zein, casein hydrolysate, gelatin diet. The same tendency was shown in the albumin.
(2) When rats were fed on diets containing various casein levels, the level of serum constituents showed progressively higher value by a higher protein diet.
(3) When the effect of breeding day was evaluated in rats fed on a 2% casein diet, the level of serum protein was significantly decreased after 7 days. After the feeding, serum albumin was also significantly decreased. However, the elevation on both serum constituents was seen at the end of 21 days.

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The conventional “mixer diets” for tube feeding, might have caused the higher incidences of diarrhea in consequence of retardation of recovery in the subjects received surgery against alimentary tracts. In the present studies clinical significances in post-surgical nutrition of asceptic liquid formulae 51-a (A) and 52-a (A) were examined by means of tube feeding to those subjects who were in nursed period subsequent to alimentary surgery. The formula 51-a (A) was characterized by containing the protein and the carbohydrate hydrolysates, while 52-a (A) was derived from 51-a (A) including reduction of the protein concentration and adjustment of balance in essential amino acids in order to prevent from diarrhea and to lower the functional load against alimentary organs which possessed lesions due to surgical treatment.
The results were described below.
1. Incidences of diarrhea in subjects who received surgery against their alimentary tracts and then subsequently fed 51-a (A) and 52-a (A) were remarkably reduced in comparison with those control subjects who fed the “mixer diet”
2. Incidences of diarrhea in subjects, fed the control “mixer diet” subsequent to the surgery, varied dependent upon the species of the alimentary organs which were subjected to operations and the incidences of diarrhea increased to the order of the cases of operations against cancer of head and neck and esophagal carcinoma. The formulae 51-a (A) and 52-a (A) resembled to the control mixer diet in the aspect that the incidences were increased to the order of those cases against cancer of head and neck, esophagal carcinoma and total gastrectomy when fed the subjects with the formulae.
3. Tentative nutritional values of the formulae, as expressed by profiles of the quantitative analysis of the serum protein, were assessed.
The significant restoration in the profile in subjects, received surgical operations and then fed 51-a (A) and 52-a (A) to a comparable doses, were observed while the restoration was only limited in those fed the control mixer diet even to higher doses which exceeded by 64% over the case of feeding of 52-a (A).

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The gastrointestinal transit time was examined in male and female mice fed diets containing apple pulp (apple juice residue), defatted rice bran or cellulose. All dietary fibers used shortened the gas-trointestinal transit time significantly, but no relationship was detected between transit time and feces weight or fecal water content. When the mice were previously fed with a fiber free diet for 7 weeks, the transit time by the several test meals was dependent on the composition of test meals. However, when the mice were previously risen with the diet containing dietary fiber, the transit time by the test meal was a fected to some degree by the pre-experimental diet (previous diet). The increase of colon weight was shown in mice fed the diet containing 5% acid detergent fiber or cellulose. The changes of transit time and the increment on intestinal weight due to dietary fiber were greater in female than male mice.

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To determine the effect of quercetin, which was detected in the leaves of red clover, on nutritive value of casein, nutritive value of browned casein prepared by heating casein with quercetin at 80°C in acidic solution were investigated using growing rats.
Quercetin added to casein diet at 0.5% level had no effect on true digestibility and biological value of casein. True digestibility and biological value of browned casein decreased significantly for one period in the two settled periods for experiments compared to those of heated casein as a control. Browned casein was also slightly inferior to heated casein in protein efficiency ratio. On the other hand, the content of available lysine in browned casein was less than that of heated casein. From these results, it was considered that reduction in nutritive value of browned casein was mainly due to the conversion of lysine to unavailable lysine, which was attributable to reaction of ε-amino group of lysine with quercetin, its oxidation products or their polymerized pigments.

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Topnote aroma concentrate from soy sauce was prepared by the use of closed system apparatus including a circular pump and cold traps.
The aroma concentrate and its isopentane extract were analysed by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
A large amount of ethanol, ethyl acetate, an adequate amount of acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, 1, 1-diethoxy-2-methylpropane, 1, 1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane, isoamyl-alcohol and a trace amount of dimethylsulfide were found to be the constituents of topnote aroma of good quality soy sauce.

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