Fluctuations in the selections of starch, olive oil, casein, cod-liver oil and dry yeast under long term emotiond stress elicited by buzzer and shock was discussed.
Experiment was carried out for 30 days in 6 periods of 5 days each. Group 3 was presented stress, Group 2 was set in the stress-apparatus but with no Stimulas, and Group 1 was free from them.
Marked fluctuations were observed in the selections of casein and starch of Group 3 animals during and after the stress period.
The increase of casein selection reached almost twice, and the decrease of starch selection reached 2/5 of selection in period 2.

View full abstract

Self-selections of NaCl, NaH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄, calcium-lactate, MgSO₄ and ferric-citrate in the albino rats under long term emotional stress elicited by buzzer and shock were discussed.
Aqueous solutions were used for the selection.
NaCl selection was the largest among salts in all groups, and the individual variations were also. But there were no differences among 3 groups as to selections and periodical fluctuations as well as NaH₂PO₄, MgSO₄ and ferric-citrate selections. Selections of K₂HPO₄ and calciumlactate of Group 3 animals fluctuated markedly during the stress period.
Decrease of K₂HPO₄ selection during stress reached under 1/3 of selection in the period prior to stress and recovered to 2/3 after the stress.
Increase of calcium-lactate selection during stress reached almost 2. 4 times and recovered rapidly after the stress was removed.

View full abstract

A few properties of the starch of powdered buckwheat were examined after being refined with 0.2% sodium hydroxide solution with 85% methyl alcohol.
By a microscopic observation, it is found that starch grains are sometimes polygons and sometimes ellipses in their shapes and the diameter of each grain is between 2 and 15μ-the average about 6.1μ.
The diffraction pattern derived from the starch was examined with an X-ray diffractome ter. As the intensity of diffraction and the lattice distance of each fringe are the same as those of corn starch, it is recognized that the pattern of buckwheat starch belongs to the A-spectrum classified by Katz.

View full abstract

The common scarcity of vegetables, especially of leafy ones in winter season makes it important to investigate the convenient sources of vitamin A and C during this season. The growing of the leafy vegetable Nozawa-na (a variety of Brassica Rapa LINN.) is practiced in the central mountaineous region of Japan in autumn, and then they are salted down for use during the non-growing winter season. There are two kinds of salted Nozawa-na, that of light brine for winter use, and heavier one for later use.
In order to estimate the food value as sources of vitamin A and C, these salted Nozawa-na were compared on their nutrient contents. In results, it was recognized that a great portion of vitamin C in two types of salted Nozawa-na was transformed to dehydro-ascorbic acid and other oxidized products, and the average of provitamin A content was 2, 760 I. U. for total carotene and 830 I. U. for β-carotene in 100 g.

View full abstract

Butter, salad oil, margarine, powder oil and lard were given to eight healthy weanling infants as additives to the solid diet to see whether these fats were acceptable to them and utilizable being absorbed through the digestive tracts with no ill effects on the bowel movement. The amounts of each fat added to the solid diet during each of the early, middle, and late weaning periods in grams per day were 1, 3-7 and 10-21, respectively, which occupied 3, 11-15 and 24-42% of the total fat given to the infants. The experimental period for each of the fats was 10 consecutive days and from the seventh day the feces were collected for 72 hours for the fat determination.
All these fats were well accepted by the infants with no ill effects like diarrhea, the increase of passages nor the retardation of weight growth apparently ascribable to the fats. The fat absorption amounted to 23-34 grams a day showing 93-98% absorption rates. There was a slight tendency that the higher the acid value of the fat, the higher the absorption rate, but it seemed that the difference in melting point, iodine number, and saponification value of the fats exerted no influences on the absorption rate of fats.
It was concluded that there was neither appreciable difference in the absorption among butter, salad oil, margarine, powder oil, and lard, nor ill effects observed on the weight gain, the stool nature of the infants when these fats and oils were fed as additives to the solid diet for the weanling infants.

View full abstract

In order to improve the tastiness and tenderness of raw beef in the cooking of tough round steak, the effects of various proteolytic enzymes on meat were investigated. In the formation of tastiness and tenderness, the protease of Rhizopus genus mold was found to be best by the organoleptic test, followed by Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease, Bromelain and Ficin in the decreasing order. Every proteolytic enzyme used there showed that it had its own specific amount of enzyme activity to give the best tastiness and tenderness to meat. In the casesof Bromelain and Bacillus subtilis alkaline protease, however, the taste of meat is noticeab ly affected by the amount of enzyme used, and even a slightly larger amount of enzyme than that needed for the formation of tastiness turns out rather to give a bad taste.On the other hand a great excess of the amount of Rhizopus mold protease did not change the tastiness pro duced there. Some analytical experiments on meat digests were undertaken to clarify such dif ference in the effect on meat according to the kind of proteolytic enzyme, and the implica tion of the results was discussed.

View full abstract

The results of microbiological assay using lactic acid bacteria on 18 kinds of total amino acid of the crops mentioned in the subtitle, grown in Japan, are presented. The taxonomic position of subjects conducted in this study is Leguminosae, and these subjects give an amino acid pattern differing in level of several amio acids in comparison with those of Gramineae of cereals previously reported (in Part 1 and 2), as mentioned in the followings. The pattern of Leguminosae differs in higher level of aspartic acid and histidine, and in lower glutamic acid, proline, methionine and cystine levels, from those observed in pattern of Gramineae.

View full abstract

Reducing substances in milk were tested by potassium ferricyanide as the oxidizing agent and acid ferric sulfate reagent, originally based upon Mirsky's method. Color intensity of Berlin blue was measured in the photoelectric colorimeter at 710mμ.
No difference in color intensity was seen between market milk and non fat dried milk solution, while reducing substances in milk distinctly increased by heating.

View full abstract

The cystine content of hair can be decreased by deficiencies of vitamin A and animal protein. Observation on the cystine content of hair led to a postulation that the content in hair may be looked on as a sign of nutritional status for children.

View full abstract

The behaviors of L-methionine and D-methionine for the formation of liver fat of rats were studied with feeding of 9% casein+3.76% sodium glutamate diet and 8% casein diet.
It was observed that (1) the supplement of 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0% of L-or D-form of methionine prevented fatty liver which was produced by feeding of 9% casein+3.76% sodium glutamate diet, and (2) the supplement of 0.3% L-or D-methionine to 8% casein diet produced fatty liver as previously reported by Harper et al.
It was also observed that the fatty liver produced with the supplement of L-or D-methionine to 8% casein diet was prevented by the additional supplementation of 0.2% L-threonine, but not by that of D-threonine.

View full abstract

The excretion of the metabolic fecal fat and nitrogen was studied in the Japanese subjects with the following results (M±δ):
metabolic fecal fat=0.79±0.19g/day.
metabolic fecal nitrogen=0.76±0.22g/day.
The effect of cellulose on the excretion of metabolic fecal fat and nitrogen was studied in al-bino rats and human subjects. In the former' the effect was obscure, while to the latters were given protein-and fat-free diet containing 3% cellulose and the metabolic fecal fat and nitrogen were obtained as 0.98±0.19g/day and 1.11±0.26g/day, respectively.
Both values were apparently greater than those obtained after the administration of cellulose-free diet, but the difference was not statistically significant.

View full abstract

An experiment was made in order to confirm the standard weight and the contents of crude fat, thiamine and riboflavin in the bread of four sorts (ordinary, muscovado, raisin, peanuts) for school lunch acquired at the test baking.
There was a remarkable difference between the weight of individual loaf, and it seemed to be due to the less ability of the dough devider.
Standard weight of the loaf for one meal should be 126g for the ordinary bread, 130g for the muscovado and 140g for the raisin or peanuts bread.
Standard compositions for crude fat, thiamine and riboflavin were 3.3%, 0.3mg%(minimum) and 0.2 mg%(minimum), respectively.

View full abstract

When rats were given diets lacking in one or more esse ntial nutrients, they lost their appetite. However, when the depleted nutrients were su pplemented in the diet, they regained their appetite right away.
In some cases, the recovery of appetite coincided with the supplement.
The latent time and degree of anorexia were different depending on the kinds of essential nutrients lacking in the diets.

View full abstract