Effects of calcium, phosphate, protein and fat digested and pH on transport of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) were studied by the everted sac method using⁴⁵Ca and ³²P. Small intestinal tracts were drawn out from Wistar male rats weighing 50-60g on anaesthesia and divided into three portions of almost equal length (proximal, central and distal).
CaCl₂ (67.5mg/dl or 22.5mg/dl of Ca) and KH₂PO₄ (54.0mg/dl or 18.0mg/dl of P) mixed in the following combination of four groups: high Ca-high P, high Ca-low P, low Ca-high P, low Ca-low P with ⁴⁵CaCl₂ or KH₂³²PO₄ in activity of 8, 000cpm/ml were contained in outer solutions in the 1st experiment, and in the 2nd experiment casein and fat were additionally contained in outer solutions with protein and fat djgesting enzymes. Everted sacs were incubated at 37°C for 30min at pH 5.6 or 6.6 in the 1st experiment and at pH 6.8 in the 2nd experiment.
Ca transport was muchf cted by Ca contents, Ca/P ratios, pH and protein and fat digested, the highest transport was obtained in a high Ca-low P group in the two experiments, but in the 1st experiment it was obtained in the proximal portion at pH 6.6 and in the 2nd experiment in the central one. Ca transport was higher in the 1st experiment than in the 2nd experiment.
P transport appeared in a discending order proximal-centraldistal portion in the 1st experiment but adversely in the 2nd experiment. The highest P transport ratio was obtained in a low Ca-low P group and the highest P transport volume was obtained in a high Ca-high P group at pH 6.6 in the 1st experiment, but in the 2nd experiment the highest P transport was obtained in a high Ca-high P group. P transport in both the proximal- and the central portions were higher in the 1st experiment and those in distal one higher in the 2nd experiment.

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An attempt was made to clarify the metabolic correlation in the urea concentration and arginase activity of rats during adaptation to low-protein diet. The following results were obtained.
The urea concentration in the serum and liver was significantly decreased for 14 days from the start of a 2% casein diet and then stayed constant. Similarly it was also observed that arginase activity in the liver of rats fed a 2% casein diet showed a lower value than that of a laboratory pellet chow group. On the contrary, the level of renal enzyme increased progressively by feeding the lowprotein diet. The results show that there is a clear difference between liver and kidney in the response of arginase activity to the dietary changes. In addition, the feeding of low-protein exhibited a marked decrease of the urea concentration excreted in the urine. However, these observations were not seen in the fasted rats, and also in the rats fed on essential amino acid-deficient diets.

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The subcellular distribution of gold and β-galactosidase activity was studied in livers of mice injected with gold thioglucose (GTG). Mice were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) mice 2 days after GTG in jection, (3) obese and (4) nonobese mice 15 days after GTG injection. In comparison with the control mice, the liver protein and DNA contents of icer injected with GTG decreased significantly, β-galactosidase activity increased in all organella and cytosol fraction showed higher activity at 2 days after GTG injection. The distribution of both, β-galactosidase and gold differed between obese and nonobese mice. Gold was found mainly in the nuclear (ppt 1, 000 X g) fraction.

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Experiments were performed to estimate the effect of dietary purine on urinary and serum uric acid levels. The results were compared with those of growth, food intake, H₂O intake, and urine volume. The results obtained were as follows:
Feeding of a hypoxanthine diet to rats caused a significant rise in the urinary output of uric acid. A similar pattern in urinary excretion of uric acid was obtained in rats fed an adenosine or guanosine diet. On the contrary, the feeding of an adenine diet exhibited a decrease of the uric acid excreted in the urine. In addition, the body weight and food intake were decreased, and urine volume was elevated in the adenine group. However, these observations were not seen in rats fed a hypoxanthine, adenosine, guanosine, inosine, or guanine diet. On the other hand, the level of uric acid in the serum was almost unchanged except guanine and guanosine diets, and the level of serum creatinine was significantly elevated by the feeding of an adenine diet.

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The effect of dietary iron and/or protein deficiency on hemoglobin synthesis in growing rats has been investigated. Fifty-five female rats of the Donryu strain aged 3 weeks were divided into two groups and assigned diets supplemented with 20% or 5% casein. Each group was further divided into two groups, control and iron-deficient diet groups. The animals were maintained on these diets for three weeks, during which period body weight were recorded and blood samples were drawn in quantities of about 100μl via the tail vein for determination of the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), reticulocyte count and plasma protein content at weekly intervals. At the conclusion of the three-week observation period, some of the animals in each group were sacrificed by exsanguination via the axillary vein and the spleen, and liver tissue assayed for iron. Remainders in these group were fed thereafter on diets supplemented with iron or protein for a week to ascertain recovery from the dietary deficiencies. The folowing results were obtained:
1. Rats on the iron-deficient diets showed no appreciable change in weight gain from the respective control groups.
2. There were significant decreases in Hb and Ht of the rats fed on the iron-deficient diet with 20% casein as compared to the control group, whereas those maintained on the iron-deficient diet with 5% casein did not show any depression for these hematologic parameters. No significant intergroup differences were noted as to mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
3. The plasma and liver iron levels were lowest in the group on the iron deficient diet supplemented with 20% casein and the plasma iron level tend to be increased in the group on the diet with 5% casein supplementation.
4. The reticulocyte count decreased progressively in the growing rats. The iron-deficient diet group receiving 20% casein exhibited a rise in peripheral blood reticulocyte count and this trend was enhanced by dietary supplementation with iron. Dietary iron had on inf uence upon the reticulocyte count in the groups receiving 5% casein in feed, which showed elevation of reticulocyte count by administraion of 20% casein diet.

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In this paper, the effect of iron deficiency on the hematopoietic function of rats was studied under experimental conditions identical with those described in the preceding report (Part 1). Specimens of peripheral blood, bone marrow and liver from rats in the four groups that had been maintained on diets varying in iron and casein contents were assayed for activities of three of the eight heme synthetic enzymes, i. e. ALA synthetase (ALA-S), ALA dehydratase (ALA-D) and heme synthetase (Heme-S). The first two enzymes are known to take part in the first and second limiting steps in the heme biosynthesis pathway and the latter, the final step. The results were as follows: (1) In the 20% casein group, the ALA-S activity in bone marrow was lowered and the ALA-C activity in peripheral blood increased during the iron deficient stage. The ALA-S activity in bone marrow returned to a control level while the blood ALA-D activity showed a further elevation during the subsequent recovery stage with dietary iron supplementa ion. In contrast, both ALA-S and ALA-D activity in the 5% casein group did not show any appreciable difference from the control levels, during the iron deficient stage. However, subsequent replacement of the diet with a 20% casein was followed by a sharp increase of the activity of these enzymes. The findings indicated that protein intake had a greater influence than iron intake in this respect in rats under low-protein nutrition, as far as ALA-S and ALA-D activities were concerned. (2) Heme-S activity displayed responses distinct from those observed with the foregoing two enzymes. Both the 5% and 20%-casein diet groups exhibited elevation of this enzyme to essentially the same degree during the iron-deficient stage, with a complete restoration to the control level, in both groups, following resupplementation of feed with iron.
In the (5% casein) group, only the readministration of iron feed was effective for this recovery of the enzyme while replacement with (20% casein) had little or no effect.
From t ese experimental findings, it is evident that the effects of iron deficiency in respect of changes in ALA-S and ALA-D activities, appear only in those animals maintained on a 20% casein diet; thus remarkably consistent with the body weight and hematological changes seen in this diet group of rats in the previous study. Heme-S activity, on the other hand, seems to have a particular responding pattern to iron deficiency which is considered to occur in direct association with iron metabolism and irrelevant to protein nutrition.

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The effects of exercise (swimming for 20 minutes a day) and dietary protein levels (20% or 35%) on lipid composition and lipoperoxide contents in the serum and liver were studied using male Donryu rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups, designated non-exercise group (20-NE) or exercise group (20-E) on a 20% casein diet, non-exercise group (35-NE) or exercise group (35-E) on a 135% casein diet, and were fed for 18 weeks.
The results obtained were as follows;
1) TBA value in serum was greater in rats fed on 35% protein diet than 20% protein diet (35-NE>20-NE, p<0.05). Exercise caused a reduction in the TBA value of serum of rats fed on both 20% and 35% protein diets, particularly 35-E group was the significant difference from 35-NE group at p<0.05.
2) TBA value in the liver was greater in rats fed on 35% protein diet than 20% protein diet similarly in the serum and it was caused a reduction by exercise.
3) Exercise caused a reduction in the concentration of serum triglyceride and total cho esterol, and serum cholesterol of exercise groups was significant difference from non-exercise groups at p<0.01. But neither HDL cholesterol and vitamin E levels in the serum nor total lipid and cholesterol levels in the liver was affected with exercise.
4) Lipids contents in the serum and the liver except triglyceride in the serum were greater in 20% protein groups than in 35% protein groups.

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S.D. strain male rats were fed the basal diet containing 16% casein and 0.6% D, L-methionine and the effect of 5mg% eritadenine, a hypocholesterolemic principle of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes), on the lipids components of plasma and liver was investigated under several feeding conditions.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Eritadenine did not affect the growth rate, food efficiency and an apparent health condition of rats.
2. It lowered the total and free cholesterol and phospholipids levels in plasma.
3. It increased markedly the content of the liver triglycerides and produced fatty livers containing more than 19% total lipids.

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Dietary fiber content of foodstuffs commonly used for diabetics was determined by the sum of neutral detergent fiber plus pectin. The increasing interest in dietary fiber and its relation to human health and disease has created a great need for dietary fiber content of foods. Neutral detergent fiber values were given as the residues after Van Soest neutral detergent fiber treatment. Pectin values were determined by Ca-Pactate method.

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Growth of, Esch. coli K 12 was retarded with 100 mM ascorbic acid or 10 mM triose reductone. The retarding effect was enhanced with Cu²⁺and the complete retardation was observed with less amount of them, 10mM ascorbic acid or 1 mM triose reductone, in the presence of 1mM CuSO₄. Similar effect was observed for Esch. coli C 600, Esch. coli B, Esch. coli 15 as well as Bac. subtilis 168M. On the other hand, with 1 to 10mM ascorbyl-3-phosphate the growth of Bac. subtilis 168M was promoted. In addition, contrary to ascorbic acid, the promoting ability was counteracted with Cu²⁺. However, the effect was seldom observed for Esch. coli K 12.

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The inquiry about the utilization of edible oil and the limitation of its use was directed by the questionnaire method. Also the properties of deteriorated oil considered to be unusable and oil in use were determined.
The questionnaire was recovered from 299 homes in Kansai district, 248 homes in Kanto district and 175 mass feeding facilities. As for used out oils, 74 samples from homes and 116 samples from mass feeding facilities were collected. In regard to oils in use, the number of samples collected from home was 74 and from mass feeding facility was 116.
The criteria for changing the oil to new one at mass feeding facilities were in the order of color, number of times used, forming property, condition of fried foods and viscosity. Two or three of these factors mentioned above were taken into account. The home also used the same criteria and one or two of them were taken into account.
The properties of oils in use and also t hose out of use were measured with a few variables.
Over 90% of used ois were found to be their peroxide values below 10, either those collected from mass feeding facilities or those from homes, nevertheless these were in use or out of use.
Within oils of the same peroxide value, the color varied greatly. Even when the color was dark, its peroxide value was found to be not always high.
There were not many samples which showed high acid value or viscosity.
It should be concluded, from these results, that there is no significant corelationship between acid value and color, or viscosity and color.

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