Effect of nutritional state of rats on the damage by 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) or 2, 7-fluorenylbisacetamide (2, 7-FAA) which are known as stomach cancer producing chemicals upon their stomach was studied. In the feeding experiment two kinds of diet i. e. the poor nutritional diet and its improved form were used. In the first experiment the poor nutritional diet was consisted of rice, congealed soybean curd, small amount of vitamins and minerals, and the improved diet, sufficient amount of vitamins and minerals. In the second experiment salted fermented soybean (miso) was employed as the poor nutritional diet, and casein together with ample supply of vitamins were used in place of miso in the improved diet.
In both of the experiments, the addition of the cancer producing chemicals caused the damage of the epithelium of the stomach more severely in rats fed the poor diet than those fed the improved diet.
Even without these chemicals stomach of rats fed poor diet exhibited keratinization in forestomach and hyperplasia in fundus gland, while that of rats fed the improved diet showed these symptoms much less degree.

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When weanling male rats were fed amino acid diets in which only one essential amino acid level (tryptophan or valine) was varied stepwise as follows (in % of diet) : 0.06, 0.12, 0.18 and 0.27 for tryptophan and 0, 035, 0.45, 0.55, 0.65 and 0.75 for valine, respectively. Urinary allantoin (A) and urea (U) were estimated, and (A/U) X protein intake (I_p) values were calculated. Simultaneously, the net protein ratio (NPR) and the biological values (BV) were also determined.
The results suggest that one of the most important factors influencing the (A/U) X I_p value is the amino acid balance of the dietary protein. (A/U) X I_p values responded more sharply to changes in dietary amino acid balance as compared with NPR and BV. Moreover, when the level of a variable amino acid in the diet exceeded the point expected to be the minimum requirement level, the (A/U) X I_p value decreased again in a nearly symmetrical manner, although the mode of response curves differed depending upon the variable amino acid (more sharply in tryptophan). The peaks of the value were obtained at the levels of 0.18-0.20% for tryptophan and 0.45-0.55% for valine.

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The effect of L-ascorbic acid on o-diphenol oxidase activity in the radish was studied. The total concentration of L-ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid was not different so much on various portion in the radish (27.5-30.5mg%) and L-ascorbic acid accounted for about 1/2 part of total content in the juice of grated radish, and it was found only a little in cell-residue. L-Ascorbic acid inhibited odiphenol oxidase activity in fresh tissue of radish. o-Diphenol oxidase in the radish was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration by Sephadex G-25. The purified enzyme preparation appears a single peak in acrylamide electrophoresis. The enzyme displayed the highest activity at pH 8.3 using dopa as substrate. The activity of o-diphenol oxidase was inhibited with L-ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione as the reducing agent and KCN, and activated by Cu⁺⁺. It was suggested that the inhibition of o-diphenol oxidase with L-ascorbic acid was due to reduction of enzymic product.

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An amino acid pattern distribution map of 68 Japanese foods was prepared. For this purpose radian distances between each amino acid pattern were calculated. Radian distance R (A, B) between pattern A (α₁, α₂…, α_n) and pattem B (b₁, b₂…, b_n) was defined as follows,
in which θ is an angle between vector OA and vector OB. For the preparation of the map, the nearest two radian distances with an amino acid pattern of each food were used. Natures of the amino acid pattern distribution clarified in the map were discussed.

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In our previous experiment, immune lactoglobulin of cow colostrum were digested with proteinase (Pronase-P), and the glycopeptides were isolated from the digested material by gel filtration on Sephadex. It was then fractionated by DEAE cellulose chromatography.
In the present experiment we report the several properties of these glycopeptides, namely, amino acid compositions, carbohydrate compositions and their electrophoretic properties. The analysis of two glycopeptides indicates the presence of approximately 10 residues of mannose, 7 residues of galactose, 2 residues of fucose and 9 or 11 residues of glucosamine. One of them contains 2 residues of sialic acid but the other contains no sialic acid. Amino acid analysis indicates that they contain 2residues of serine, 2 residues of aspartic acid and 2 residues of threonine.
Except the occurrence of sialic acid in one glycopeptide and its absence from the other, the carbohydrate composition and the amino acid composition of these glycopeptides are quantitatively alike. The similarity of the glycopeptides suggest that immune globulin of cow colostrum has only one carbohydrate chain and the sialic acid was lost during isolation of the glycopeptide. The difference of electrophoretic properties and chromatographic properties are depend on the sialic acid.

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On the basis of age, three obese women were advised to take the planed meals with high protein, moderate fat, low carbohydrates and the recommended quantites of other nutrients at home. They were also advised to take sugar as little as possible. These women were able to reduce their calorie intake without interruption of daily routine work.
Results:
Case 1. After twenty weeks of treatment, the body weight decreased 16kg, the chest circumference decreased 18cm, and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat decreased 18 mm in the shoulderblade, 2mm in the abdomen and 5.2mm in the upper arm.
Case 2. After eighteen weeks of treatment, the body weight decreased 11kg, the chest circumference decreased 6cm, and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat decreased 12mm in the shoulderblade, 12mm in the abdomen and 9mm in the upper arm.
Case 3. After twenty weeks of treatment, the body weight decreased 12kg, the chest circumference decreased 6.9cm, and the thickness of the subcutaneous fat decreased 10.5mm in the shoulderblade, 2mm in the abdomen and 13mm in the upper arm.

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After the obese women and children succeeded in reducing a certain amount of weight and subcutaneous fat at home, they were no longer advised on the dietary treatment. However, changes in their nutritive and physical conditions were observed afterwards.
Case 1. The thickness of subcutaneous fat did not increase at all. However, the height and the weight have grown more rapid than the “average”.
Case 2. Owing to taking a little more carbohydrate than before, the subcutaneous fat increased a little. The increased was proportion to the increasing heigh and weight.
Case 3. In spite of an increase in caloric intake, an increase of the subcutaneous fat was not observed.
The above results were due to the dietary treatment with high protein, moderate fat and low carbohydrate diets.

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In an attempt to calculate the fat content in the body, a simple and easy method to estimate the human body density was devised by measuring the body weight under water and residual air in the lung at the same time.
In the authors' method, the following procedures were employed. After the subject breathes pure oxygen filled in a spirometer three times from the maximum expired state, he breathes out the air from lung into spirometer to the maximum level and then dives under water and his weight is measured in water tank. To measure the residual air in the lung, nitrogen dilute method was used by analysing the expired air in the spirometer.
Reproducibility of the measurements of the human body density by this method is excellent (standard-deviation for an average is about±0.0008), and this precision is comparable to that of the previous reports.
On juvenile subjects who cannot hold their breath long enough for the measurements, the measurements of weight under water after the maximum expiration is difficult. The measurement was wade, therefore, at the middle expiration state which was about 60% of vital capacity. And the values were converted to that of maximum expiration state. The reproducibility was within±0. 0022.

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Applying the authors' method of estimating the body density which was reported previously, the human body density of young men from 7 to 22 years old was estimated, and the fat content in the body was calculated by Keys' method.
The human body density is low in childhood and increases with growth and attaining the maximum at the age of about 16 or 17 years old, the value remains almost constant or tends to decrease. The body fat content (in percentage of body weight) decreases with age as the body density increases fill about 16 years old, while tends to increase thereafter. It follows that the total fat content in the body increases little by little until 16 years and after 17 years old, it increases remarkablly.
From these results, it is concluded that the increase of body weight of young boys who are younger than about 16 or 17 years old, is mainly due to the increase of lean body mass, while the increase of body weight after 17 years old is not only due to both lean body mass but also to the content of fat in the body.

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Present paper reports the results of experiment in raising germfree rats by forced hand feeding which were repeated thirteen times during the period April 1963 to May 1965. Four strains of caesarean derived germfree rats were fed with formula A, B or C diets, which contain protein at a concentration of 4. 3%, 5. 77% and 6. 3% respectively. The results were as follows:
1) Thirteen of 33 newborn germfree rats fed with formula A diet, reached adulthood (13.1%). The highest survival rate (87.5%) was obtained in germfree rats fed with formula C diet.
2) Seven of the eight Wistar germfree rats fed formula C diet became pregnant. The highest conception rate (88%) was obtained in this diet group.
3) The formula given during the period of hand feeding seems to affect the incidence of volvulus of the cecum. Of thirteen rats fed formula A diet, eight animals developed volvulus (62%). From fourteen Wistar rats fed formula C diet, six animals developed volvulus (43%).
4) The abnormality of the teeth occurred only in germfree rats of Gifu hybrid and Donryu strain. No abnormalities of teeth were noticed in germfree rats of Fisher and Wistar strain.

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A species of yeast (genus Candida) which had grown on n-paraffin was used for the study of utilization of microbial cell protein as food resources.
Protein was extracted with 2% NaOH from the dried cells, the crude protein content of which was 53.9% on dry basis. About 75% of the total crude protein of the cells were extracted with the alkali. Protein isolates were prepared by isoionic precipitation from the extract and following lyophilyzation. The cells and the protein isolates were found, when compared with the amino acid pattern of whole hen egg as a reference, to be rich in lysine content and poor in the content of the S-containing amino acids, which were the first limiting amino acid in both cases. The protein isolates were found to have the essential amino acid pattern similar to that of the cells, except for a remarkable decrease in cystein content in the former. The protein isolates so prepared, however, could not be got rid of an odor particular to the yeast cells of this kind.
In vitro digestion test by pepsin revealed that a significant increase in digestibility could be achieved by the isolation of protein from the dried cells.

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Isolation and purification of protein from the dried cells of a species of yeast (genus Candida) which had grown on n-paraffin was studied with the purpose of utilyzing it as human food.
Dialysis of the alkali extract from the dried cells against water was effective to eliminate an odor particular to the yeast cells of this kind. A part of cell wall substances of the yeast extracted into the alkali solution was precipitated by the dialysis against water while the extracted proteins stayed in solution. Thus, the dialysis of the alkali extract against water played double roles, the elimination of the odor and the removal of cell wall substances.
Ethanol fractionation of the dialyzate revealed that about 40% of the protein in the dialyzate could be precipitated between the ethanol concentration of 20-30%. Addition of calcium chloride into the dialyzate and following second dialysis of the solution against water resulted in precipitation of a protein fraction of higher purity. After removal of this high pu ity protein fraction more protein could be obtained from the supernatant fraction by ethanol precipitation.
An example of protein isolation from the dried cells by the combination of those procedures is presented. Those simple procedures may be useful for preparing protein of high quality in large scale.

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The subject of this report is meatless meat which is now attracting much attention as an economical source of protein. A price comparison and a sensory test were proceeded. 50% of texgran imported from the USA was used in stead of beef and pork diet. At the same time a preliminary experiment with feeding Wister Albino white rats was proceeded. Considerably good results were obtained from these experiments.
As for the sensory test, there was no difference between the meatless meat and the usual beef or pork. Besides the price of the meatless meat is as cheap as 1/3 or 1/4 of that of beef and pork. It is most suitable for quantity feeding or for home cooking. The result of the preliminary experiment of feeding six-weeks old rats for twelve weeks was as follows. There was no significant difference of feed efficiency, the weight of the internal organs, bones, calcium, blood serum protein, blood sugar and liver crude fat. However, significant differences were observed in the quantity of blood serum cholesterol and iiver xanthine oxidase activities.
The fact that there is a decrease in the quantity of cholesterol when meatless meat is used in stead of 50% of the beef and pork shows that meatless meat may have significance as a preventive food for high blood-pressure and heart desease.

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