To standardize the technique for evaluating food protein with rat, the factors which influence urea nitrogen in blood were investigated. Rats weighing about 100g were fed 7g of 10 and 5% food protein diets in 2 hour daily feeding throughout 12 day feeding Period. Four and 2 hours after the last feeding of 10 and 5% protein diet respectively, blood Plasma was taken and urea nitrogen concentration was determined by colorimetry. Fourtynine foodstuffs and 31 foodstuff mixtures according to the daily menu were tested.
Urea nitrogen concentration of blood was inversely correlated with PER of the corresponding foodstuffs and their mixtures. (10% foodstuff protein diet: r=-0.902 (ρ<0.01), n=29, 5% foodstuff protein diet: r=-0.829 (ρ<0.01), n=13, 10% mixed foodstuff protein diet: r=-0.902 (ρ<0.01), n=17, 5% mixed foodstuff protein diet: r=-0.857 (ρ<0.01), n=12).

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Weanling Wistar-strain male and female rats were fed a normal or an iron-deficient diet for 8 weeks. Body weight measurement and nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus balance tests were carried out.
Results were as follows. Male and female rats fed the iron-defficient diet had a severe iron deficiency anemia.
Male rats fed the iron-deficient diet decreased food consumption, body weight gain and food efficiency.
Iron-deficient diet group showed a half nitrogen retention, comparing with normal diet group. A decrease in absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were also observed.

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The influence of diets, containing 40 calorie percent of chemically synthesized pure mono fatty acid triglycerides of ₈ to ₁₂ and 1% (w/w) cholesterol, fed to male S.D. strain rats on the lipid composition of plasma, liver and adipose tissue was investigated. The lipid responses obtained with these triglycerides were compared with those obtained with safflower oil diet group (C_{18: 2}).
1. Body weight gain (g/day) of each experimental group was suppressed severely as compared with the value of C_{18: 2}. This would be due to the necessity of the adaptation period for these diets, and from this result, food efficiency ratio of each experimental group was also lower than the value of C_{18: 2} group.
2. Marked increase in total and free cholesterol contents and, in reverse, the marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol content in plasma were observed in each experimental group, as compared with C_{18: 2} group, there were significant differences between these and C_{18: 2} groups.
3. Not only phospholipid but also triglyceride contents in plasma of experimental groups were significantly increased as compared with C_{18: 2} group.
4. Hepatic lipid content of experimental groups was decreased significantly, whereas hepatic cholesterol content of these groups was increased significantly as compared with C_{18: 2} group.
5. The fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue lipids were analyzed, and as the result, it became clear that these fatty acid pattern of experimental groups resembled the pattern obtained from essential fatty acid deficient animal. In this case, the level of saturated fatty acids like as C_{16: 0} and C_{18: 0} was extraordinally high.
6. These result did not coincide with the former result, this discrepancy would be due to the difference of administration level, and in this case, metabolic tendency would be almost the same within MCT, namely, C₈, C₁₀ or C₁₂, regardless of the carbon chain length of these triglycerides.

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Four male and seven female young adults were fed a semisynthetic diet including egg and soy powder as protein source for seven days (Basal diet period), and in the following seven days 200g (for males) or 130g (for females) of germrice was added with the expense of a part of corn starch and sugar in the basal diet (Test diet period). Urine and feces were collected completely throughout the periods and the contents of nitrogen, fat and energy in these excreta were determined. Digestibility of protein (N), fat and carbohydrate (by difference) was calculated. Digestibility of protein (N), fat and carbohydrate of the germrice was 82.5%, 64.2%, and 99.0%, respectively. The available energy of fat and carbohydrate in the diet is equal to the gross energy of the nutrients absorbed (intake-fecal loss). However, the available energy of protein is the difference between the gross energy of the absorbed protein and the gross energy in the urine. Thus, the available energy (kcal/g) of the respective nutrients in germrice was calculated as 3.55 for protein, 5.97 for fat and 4.16 for carbohydrate. The total available energy of the material (germrice) obtained by direct measuring of the combustion energy of the material, urine and feces was 3.62kcal/g and the ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 96.8%. These data for germrice were compared with those for polished rice obtained from the same subjects under the same experimental conditions.

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Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Ogatafukuju2 was grown in the field in Tokyo, harvested and stored for ripening under various environmental conditions. Vitamin C content in the room ripened fruits was determined.
1) Total ascorbic acid was in maximum content in fruits harvested at the stage from breaker to pink.
2) Under the condition of 20°C, dark or artificially illuminated (10, 000lx) storage, significant difference was not found in reduced ascorbic acid content between field ripened (red stage) and room ripened fruits except higher content of reduced ascorbic acid in the room ripened fruits harvested at mature-green stage.
3) Under the storage of temperature changed periodically between 20 and 25°C with natural or artificial illumination (10, 000lx), reduced ascorbic acid was in significantly higher content in room ripened fruits harvested from breaker to pink than in field ripened fruits.
4) Under the storage of temperature changed periodically between 25°C, 10hr and 30°C, 14hr with dark or artificial illumination (6, 000lx), total ascorbic acid in fruits decreased during Postharvest ripening compared with the fruits at harvest, and the levels in the room ripened fruits harvested at mature-green and breaker stages were similar to those in the field ripened fruits.

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In this study we investigated the nutritionaleffects of parenteral solutions with three different calories and the differences in nutritional effect between intravenous and oral feeding in rats.
Rats were divided into three infusion groups (I, II and III), which were provided 111, 240 and 319 kcal/kg/day, respectively. The rats of Group IV were given the same calorie as the Group II by commercial diet. Nutritional status of rats in each group was evaluated by body weight change, nitrogen balance, blood chemistry, organ weights, and protein to DNA and RNA to DNA ratios in tissues.
Slight increases in body weight and positive nitrogen balance were observed in the Group II and IV after the first infusion day. The rats in the Group III showed gain in body weight and positive nitrogen balance, while the rats in the Group I exhibited marked loss of body weight and negative nitrogen balance. The ratios of protein to DNA and of RNA to DNA in the tissue were significantly lower in the Group I than in the other groups. No difference in nutritional status was observed between the Group II and IV. But, in the early stage of the infusion, the Group II had a tendency to be superior to the Group IV in the effect on body protein retention. These results suggest that the parenteral nutrition is more effective than oral nutrition as a route for supplying nutrients to traumatized rats.

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The hypocholesterolemic effects of corn bran andits isolated “dietary fiber” fractions were examined in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate.
1) Two different corn brans, obtained by wet or dry milling process, were supplemented to adiet at the level supplying 5% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. The diets were given torats for 7 days. Both corn brans were not effective in preventing elevation of serum and liver cholesterol levels.
2) NDF fraction was isolated from “wet milling” corn bran by application of the Van Soest procedure. The NDF-preparation (cellulose 24.6%, hemicellulose 67.8%, lignin 2.4%) was supplementedto a diet at the 5% level. This substance tended to reduce serum cholesterol, but did not cause aremarkable change in liver cholesterol.
3) “Hemicellulose B” fraction was isolated from “wet milling” corn bran by extracting with dilute caustic alkaline solution. The hemicellulose-preparation (non-cellulosic polysaccharides 95.0%) was supplemented to a diet at a level of 0.5% or 2.0%. This substance had a significant effect to prevent the elevation of serum cholesterol, and also to depress significantly the increase in liver cholesterol content of rats fed the diet of 2.0% level.

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MA-3 is an unique liquid formula for tube feeding which contains casein and starch hydrolysates and aseptically packaged for an individual patient. Remarkable progresses in MA-3, as compared with the conventional powdered formula, have been made to accomplish its negligible bacterial contamination, limited fluctuation in the composition and feasibility in feeding practice.
Authors previously reported the tube feeding of MA-3 to the subjects who received surgery of esophageal carcinoma. In the present article, the results of clinical studies are described on tube feeding of MA-3 by means of jejunal fistula to those 2 patients for 1, 296 and 190 days, who have undergone the surgical excision against non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively at the digestive tract.
1. Diarrhea was by no means observed in both subjects who fed MA-3. This seemed to be due to dietary significance of MA-3 and favorable adjustment of the feeding rate.
2. The energies which effected to keep the constant body weight of 51 and 46kg in the former and the latter subjects were 27.5 and 43.8kcal/kg of body weight respectively.
3. Nutritional value of MA-3 was determined in terms of the protein level in blood serum. Blood analysis against the former subject at the moment of remission revealed the total protein concentration of 6.2 to 6.5g/dl in blood serum and 12.0 to 12.5g/dl in hemoglobin value.
The protein uptake and kcal/N value were 0.67g/kg and 262kcal/kg respectively.
Nitrogen balance was noted to be +1.35 while the result of occult blood test, an index for homorrhage in digestive tract, was evidently positive.
In the latter subject who manifested hepatic dysfunction, protein uptake and kcal/N value were 0.78g/kg and 272kcal/kg respectively. GOT and GPT values remained constant throughout the period of the present study.

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