It had been found that feeding of albino rats with a diet containing 10, 18 and 27% of protein resulted in marked difference of growth at 10 to 15 weeks after birth. Examinations were made on the difference in the effect of quantity and quality of proteins, that is, the composition of amino acids, on the growth of albino rats fed with 10% or 18% of casein.
336 female rats were divided in 4 groups. Casein was used as the basal protein source at the 10% level. Rats in Group 1 were fed 10% casein and amino acid mixture of “essentials” and “non-essentials” such as occurred in 8% casein as the protein source. Group 2 rats were fed 10% casein only. Group 3 rats were fed 10% casein and isonitrogenous non-essential amino acid mixture corresponding to 8% casein. Group 4 rats were fed the same diet as that for Group 1, but one essential amino acid was removed from the amino acid mixture, maintaining a constant nitrogen level by the substitution of non-essential amino acids. In the case of the deprivation of methionine, cystine was also excluded and in the deprivation of phenylalanine, also tyrosine. Litter mates were distributed to all the four groups. For each diet studied, 4 to 10 rats were employed. The amount of diet intake was made to be same as much as possible but not stricktly pair fed. The experiments were carried out for 16 to 40 weeks.
The difference of growth in terms of body weight and tail length between rats in Group 2 and Group 1 is remarkable at 10 to 15 weeks after birth. Such difference was seen between 10% casein fed group and the other groups (non-essential amino acid group and one essential amino acid-deficient group). On the contrary, there was no significant difference among the Groups 1, 3, and 4.
Tail length and body weight of rats in each group were almost the same at the beginning of the experiment, and the ones that were in some degree larger tended to be larger also at maturity. Tail length and body weight of rats in Group 2 were less than those of rats in other groups on the average at maturity. When this tendency in Group 2 is present at the beginning of the experiment with other groups, the difference becomes marked at maturity. Even if the tail length and body weight of Group 2 rats were larger at the beginning as compared with valine-, isoleucine- and leucine-deficient groups, Group 2 rats were smaller than rats of these groups on the average, at a later stage. A high correlation (r=0.673) existed between tail and shin bone lengths, as observed by using 37 rats. Smear test was done with some rats, for studying the effect of nutrition on the estrus cycle. Estrus cycles of the 10% casein-fed rats appeared later and irregular as compared with other group rats. In addition, some of the rats were sacrificed, and constituents of the body were determined. Body of 10% casein fed rats contained more water and less fat than that of other group rats. As results, difference in growth between 10% and 18% casein-fed rats is due rather to that of the quantity of protein, and not to the quality of protein.

View full abstract

The various free sugars of Mutugoro and Warasubo inhabited in Ariake Bay were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) with microcrystalline cellulose i. e. Avicel SL. Sugars were determined by the new quantitative method (TLC-gallic acid). Four kinds of sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose and xylose) were detected in the extract from Mutugoro. But galactose, fructose and xylose were not found in Warasubo.

View full abstract

One of the calculation methods of the future food consumption pattern was developed. A n dimensional pattern vector was thought to exist and move on the surface of the unit sphere in n dimensional space. A calculation method was studied on the next 2 assumptions, (1) a pattern moves on a straight line in the sphere surface, (2) infinite time is necessary to move from a boundary to another boundary of the first quadrant area.
Firstly, a locus of pattern moving is expressed as vectors using a vector OP
in which OA represents the present pattern, OB represents the past pattern and OP is a vector which has a right angle with vector OA. Secondly, the position of a future pattern is decided using the distance (radian) from the starting boundary point, according to the logistic curve equation,
in which y is a distance from the starting point, t is a time and K, a_o and a₁ are parameters. In this study, the distance from the starting point to the targent point is used as the K value.

View full abstract

Future changes of the calorie supply pattern composed of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in Japan were estimated using the forecast calculation method reported in the previous report.
Data obtained were 13.0% from proteins, 23.7% from fats and 63.3% from carbohydrates in 1975, whereas 12.8%, 27.6% and 59.6% in the items in 1980, respectively. Supposing that recent changes of eating life in Japan continue in future, the calorie supply pattern will become the point considered not good for health in 1977, because the percentage of the calorie from fats will reach over 25%.

View full abstract

In our previous experiments some properties of glycopeptide isolated from immune lactoglobulin were reported.
The present paper reports on the preparation and the properties of glycopeptide obtained from κ-casein which contains carbohydrate. κ-Casein was prepared from whole casein by the urea-sulfuric acid method of Zittle and Custer, and it was digested by Pronase-P repeatedly. The glycopeptide of molecular weight 3, 459 was isolated from the digested material by gel filtration on Sephadex and DEAE cellulose chromatography. Judging from hexose recovery approximately twenty six percents of the total hexose of κ-casein were recovered from Pronase digest.
Study of the glycopeptide indicated the presence of 15 amino acid residues, including 5 threonine and 2 serine residues and 4, 3 and 3 residues of galactese, galactosamine and sialic acid respectively.
Glycopeptide soluble in 12% trichloroacetic acid was obtained after rennin digestion of κ-casein for comparison with that of Pronase digest. The content of carbohydrate in the glycomacropeptide was not so high, but the ratio of galactose, galactosamine and sialic acid to each other was nearly equal to that in the glycopeptide isolated from Prenase hydrolysate.

View full abstract

The method of thin layer chromatography was investigated as a possible means of separating and determining free sugars.
The best results were obtained with cellulose powder (Avicel SF) as carrier and ethyl acetate, pyridine, acetic acid, water (5: 5: 1: 3) as mobile solvent.
Sugars were determined by the new quantitative method of measuring the color produced by reaction with 0.1% gallic acid at 550mμ in conc. sulfuric acid.
The method of TLC-gallic acid was comparable to Wolfrom's method.

View full abstract

The effect of maltitol administration to rat was studied on the increment of body weight, breakdown of α-glucoside linkage with intestinal mucosa or pancreatic enzymes and induction of hepatic Polyol dehydrogenase activities. Maltitol was contained as 13% or 26% in the diet, and was administrated to rat for 9 weeks.
As to the increment of body weight, 13% maltitol administrated rat was 20% lower, and the 26% rat was 25% lower than normal rat after 9 weeks breedings. In that time, organ weight of small intestine, caecum and large intestine was larger than that of normal rat.
α-Glucoside linkage of maltitol was not hydrolyzed with pancreatic enzymes and intestinal mucosa.
Maltitol dehydrogenase was not observed in liver cytoplasm, and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase was not induced by maltitol administration.

View full abstract