A number of Vegetables nowadays have become to be put on market throughout the year. Qualitative change of these vegetables was followed by the authors from consu-mers' standpoint in reference to the time of bringing into market and the place of production. The materials were purchased in Osaka Central Wholesale Market.
Strawberry: Marked differences were not found in the contents of general constituents with exception of protein and ash among following materials; Kogyoku (grown in outdoor, May, Osaka and Nara Prefectures), Takarazuka-shikinari (greenhouse, Nov.-Dec., Hyogo Pref.) and Fukuwa (greenhouse or stone -wall, Jan.-Feb., Shizuoka Pref.) varieties. Ascorbic acid content varied to some extent. Squash: Tokyo-hoko squash (Cucrubita maxima) grown in Okayama Prefecture was analyzed from early June to late August.
Early-harvested fruits contained higher amount of ascorbic acid, but sugar and provitamin A were found more abundantly in the late-harvested materials.
Tomato: In general, the fruits in spring and fall contained higher amount of a scorbic acid than those in summer. Reverse tendency was found with pro-vitamin A con-tent. The content of crude protein was lower in the materials grown in Osaka Prefecture in summer as compared with those grown in Ehime Prefecture from fall to winter.

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On the soybean oil heated for 20 hours but intermittently several measurements were made on the following items, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine number, TBA value, carbonyl value, refractive index, and the amount of conjugated diene. Iodine number decreased consistently with the heating, while acid value, saponification value, refractive index and conjugated diene increased throughout the period. On the other hand TBA, carbonyl peroxide values did not show a definite change in one direction. These three tests often used for the measurement of degree of rancidity of the edible oils seemed to be sometimes inappropriate for the oils which were usually treated under a higher temperature such as 180-200°C in the process of cooking or frying.

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Actomyosin fraction extracted from muscle of octopus with Weber Edsall's solution was investigated. This protein fraction has an adenosintriphosphatase activity, which is activated by calcium, magnesium, manganese but inhibited by beryllium, zinc, fluorine, azide and parachloromercuricbenzoate. The protein fraction exhibits a remarkable viscosity drop in 0.6M KCl solution by the addition of 8×10^-3M ATP, followed by the subsequent recovering of the reduced viscosity in the course of time. These facts suggest that in the muscle of octopus exists an actomyosin-like protein similar to the one of striated muscle of mammals.
The crude extract with Weber-Edsall's solution shows a remarkable viscosity increase instead of viscosity drop to ATP and AMP at 20°C. The significance of these phenomena was not get clarified.
Soluble ATPase which is soluble in dilute salt solution and precipitates in 35%saturated (NH₄) ₂ SO₄solution was also found in the muscle of octopus, but this ATPase splits 2mols of phosphoric acid from ATP. The protein is supposed to be a single enzyme, apyrase or that contaminated by myokinase.

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To examine the influence of excess lysine on glutamic -pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in serum and liver and on the excretion of urinary amino acids, young rats were fed with 4, 8 or 16% casein diets supplemented with 4% L-lysine HCl for 14 days.
The growth of rats, feed efficiency ratio and nitrogen efficiency ratio in each groups were decreased by the supplement of lysine. Serum and liver GOT activity was not changed and GPT activity increased by the supplement of lysine. The amount of urinary excretion of total nitrogen, lysine, a-aminoadipic acid and glutamic acid were strikingly increased by the excess lysine.

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In previous report, the influences of excess lysine on the growth response, on theactivity of serum and liver glutamic-pyruvic'(GPT) and glutam ic- oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities and on the excretion of urinary amino acids were presented. Further studies, in this paper, presented the influence of glutamic acid on young ratsfed whih 8% casein diets supplemented with excess lysine.
The growth response and feed efficiency ratio of rats fed with 8% casein was, improved by the supplement of 4% glutamic acid, but the activity of serum and liver GOT and GPT transaminase was intact.
The growth response of rats fed with 8% casein supplemented with 4 % lysine and 4% glutamic acid decreased significantly, but the activity of serum and liver GPT increased and the amount of urinary excretion of lysine, α-aminoadipic acid and glutamic acid also increased strikingly.

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Although the validity of the dark adaptation test for showing mild degree of a vitamin A deficiency is now generally acknowledged, there are many contradictory reports concerning the effect of vitamin A on the dark adaptation. The effect of vitamins other than A on it is yet uncertain. The results of the present experiment indicate
that most of the impaired dark adaptation for children can be cured by the supplement of ascorbic acid, vitamin B and milk together with vitamin A. Discrepancies among reports on the effect of vitamin A on the improvement of dark adaptation in the past may be explained by the facts that the diets of their subjects had been deficient in some nutrients other than vitamin A.

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The effects of penicillin (P) on the oxidation of synthetical L-ascorbic acid (LAA) and vitamin C (C) in the vegetables were studied and the results obtained were summarized as follows:
1.) P (500-200, 000 units) restrained the oxidation of 5, 10 and 50mg% LAA. by 8-27% at 4°C for 7-14 days, 40°C for 1-7hr., and 100°C for 5-60min., while it hardly prevented the oxidation of 100mg% LAA.
2.) The higher the concentration of LAA. solution, the less effective was the preventive action of P on the oxidation.
3.) Penicillamine (SH compound) derived by the decomposition of P was considered as very significant in relation to the restraint of the oxidation of LAA.
4.) The effect of P on theloxidation was hardly seen in the case of C in vegetables.

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Soybean milk is prepared in the laboratory under various conditions to discuss the effects of the amount of water added, heating temperature and heating time on its chemical composition and physical properties. When the amount of water is less than 5 times of soybean, a part of its protein becomes insoluble and the viscosity of the milk is unusually high. The viscosity of the milk after dilution is higher than that of the milk which is diluted before heating. The chemical composition and physical properties of the milks prepared by heating before and after filtration are compared. Although the chemical composition of both milks are not so different, the viscosity of the latter milk is lower than that of the former.
When 1.0% of NaCl and 10% of glucose or sucrose are added to the milk, they increase somewhat the viscosity. By adding 0.15% of NaC1 before heating, the viscosity of the milk becomes fairly higher than by adding after heating.
The characteristic odor of soybean milk can be removed by soaking soybean in 0.01-0.1% hydrogen peroxide solution and putting hot steam into the milk for 10 minutes.

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The fact that royal jelly (lyophilized) contains some unknown factors stimulating growth of the silkworm (Ito, 1961) was confirmed by the use of improved artificial rdiets and it was shown that larval growth was accelerated at lower concentrations than in the previous report (Figs. 1-3). Growth stimulation was effectuated by either ether-soluble or insoluble fraction, though the respective activity was somewhat lowered by the fractionation (Fig.4). It was interesting that a relatively small amount of ether-soluble fraction (40mg to 6g of the diet, dry weight) was very effective. The stimulating action of dialysates and non-dialysates of ether-insoluble fraction was small (Fig. 5), but it was uncertain whether the dialysis influenced on the activity or not. The supernates of the homogenates (fresh royal jelly 1: water 8) obtained after centrifugation (0°C, 10, 000rpm) stimulated larval growth markedly (Fig. 6). The addition of vitamin B complex was also very effective even in the non-aseptic culture.
Sterol obtained from ether-soluble fraction was inactive. Larval growth was much reduced when soybean casein was replaced by water-insoluble proteins (nitrogen, 14.9%) of royal jelly.

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The analyses of the oil extracted from the meant of fried soy bean curd according to Floch's method 7) showed the absence of sulfur but the presence of phoshorus. presumably indicating the presence of phoshatides. The oil was found to contain. about 70% linoleic and 12-15% linolenic acids. Activated charcoal was found to be much more efficient in trapping both volatile acid and carbonyl compounds than cold traps in a dry ice-acetone bath. It appeared that the number of days elapsed after extraction of the oil affected the number of the carbonyl compounds detected on the paper chromatogr ams, i. e., three distinct spots could be detected at four days after extraction of the oil but the one with Rf 0.01-0.04 disappeared after 20 days and the one with Rf 0.84 was disintegrated to give four different compounds.

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Three groups of each 10 rats were fed for 4 weeks on diets with different carbo -hydrates; that of the control group contained wheat meal and the experimental groups had D-xylose or sucrose 13%, replacing equal weights of wheat meal.
1) Only during the first 10 days of the experimental stage body weight gain and daily food intake of rats of xylose group decreased slightly, compared with the other groups, and some of them got diarrhoea. And thereafter no difference appeared in the rate of body weight gain between three groups.
2) The progress of body weight of the paired feeding group, which was fed on sucrose diet in the same amount as those rats of xylose group can eat, was similar to that of xylose group.
3) Xylose was detected paperchromatographically in the urine and serum of rats after administration of a xylose diet.
4) In histological examination, no abnormality was found in the principal organs of rats of all groups, such as liver, kidney, heart, spleen and eye ball.

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In order to study the lipotropic and toxic actions of DL-methionine, rats of SD strain were divided into 3 groups and were maintained for 22 days on diets prepared by adding 10%, 5% or 0% DL-methionine respectively to a basal diet containing 10% casein and 30% fat. The effect of supplement on weight change, crude fat contents of the liver, and histopathologic changes in livers and kidneys were investigated.
The rats in the 10% group showed a rapid weight decrease, and died successively after the 4th day. Those in the 5% group also showed a weight decrease, but were alive throughout the period of the experiment.
In both 10% and 5% groups, the crude fat contents were equal with those of the normal groups, but the liver and kiney exhibited a remarkable fatty degeneration by the probable intoxication.

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In the present work, diets supplemented with D-and L-methionne 5 and 10%, respectively, to a basal diet containing 10% casein and 30% fat were administered to rats, and the weight change and the histopathologic degeneration of the rats were investigated.
No change of body weight was observed in both 5 % groups, whereas a remarkable decrease was seen in both 10% groups.
In both 5 % groups, the kidneys were free from histopothologic change, but a slight fatty degeneration was observed in the livers. In the 10% groups, however, the change in livers was very slight, but the fatty degeneration in kidneys was detected. It might be concluded that excessive supplemeut of D-or L-methionine caused no fat deposition in the livers, but had an unfavorable effect on the kidneys.

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For the purpose of protecting the toxicity induced by autoxidized or thermal poly-merized oils, examined the supplemental effect of pyridoxine and niacine on the rat. From experimental results it was concluded that when the degree of rancidity of thermal polymerized and autoxidized oils was excessirely high, pyridoxine and niacine showed no effect of protection and rat died by the effects of toxic substances in the oil. On the other hand, when the rancidity of oil was not so high, these rancid oils showed no effect on the growth of rat, and its body-weight increased. In the case of thermal polymerized and autoxidized oils (peroxide value 404) these oils had so me toxic action on rat after 1 month feeding, and in this case the supplemental effect of pyridoxine and niacine (-50γ/day per rat) was distinctly observed, and by the addition of these vitamins to diet, the decreasing of body weight and the roughness of fur could be prevented.

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Whale meat covered with wheat dough was fried at 170°C for 4 minutes with rancid or non -rancid oils of soybean. Decrease of minerals in these materials was more remarkable when rancid oil was used than the case of non-rancid one, and the change of phosphorus was most distinct of several minerals tested.
When these oils were used for frying of whale meat once a day for 15 days, the change of minerals in whale meat and coloring of frying oil were sertous.
It was assumed that the color of frying oil would be deepened by the elution of some compounds from frying materials into oils, especially unknown pyrrole derivatives, ferric ion and protein.

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In the previous papers the author reported characteristic and nutritive changes of slightly heated oils. However, differences were found between slightly heated and highly heated oils.
The present paper mentions the case of highly heated oils. Synthetic trilinolenin and autoxidized linseed oils were heated at 280-300°C for 4-6 hours while linseed oil ester at 220-230°C for 24 hours, and characteristic and nutritive changes were studied. In those experiments, volatile compounds were formed, and nutritive value of heated oils were decreased. Nutritive value of oils can be said to be decreased by strong heating.

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The aim of the present study is to examine the validity of FAO's formula calculating the protein requirement with reference to the quality of dietary protein.
According to FAO, the protein requirement should be inversely proportional to the protein score of the dietary protein. In accordance with this principle, two kinds of low protein diet were arranged, where one contained protein of low score, 67-73, but of higher amount 0.76-0.78g/kg/day, while the protein in the other is of high nutritive value with protein score 93-96, but of lower amount 0.54-0.61 g/kg/day. Each kind of diet was provided to four respective adult subjects for three to twelve weeks.
Daily nitrogen balance, 17-KS and 17-OHCS output in urine, and blood properties, especially total hemoglobin content and serum protein content in circulating blood, were determined on these subjects in relation with the days of experimental diet.
From the experimental results it is concluded that the larger amount of low qualified protein is better than the lower amount of high qualified protein to prevent an anemia and a hypoproteinemia in protein deficiency, and it follows that the FAO formula, for conversion of quality of protein to quantity is yet incom plete and requires further improvement.
Another conclusion from the above experiment is that the minimum protein require-ment to maintain the nitrogen balance is only one of the factors for evaluating the safe protein intake which can maintain healthy life, and should not be overcharged as was done previously.
In order to arrive at the safe intake, it is necessary to evaluate the necessary dietary protein to guarantee the adequate quantity of reserve protein, especially the normal amounts of blood protein and also the normal function of various organs, especially of endocrine glands.

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The Technical Committee of the League of Nation recommended lg/kg/day as the minimum safe protein intake for an adult. The author confirmed in the previous report, that the indication of protein deficiency appeared by providing the subject with 0.8 g/kg/day of dietary protein for 12 weeks.
The author aimed to examine whether or not the previously believed protein intake of lg/kg/day can maintain the normal level of blood property and adrenocortical function. For the purpose, monks on Mt. Hiei who were taking 1.0-1.3 g/kg/day of dietary protein for long period of time were examined on their blood properties and adrenocortical function.
It was found that the blood properties are maintained at almost normal level, and the excretions of adrenocortical hormones in urine are at the lowest level in their res-pective normal range. From these results and by taking into consideration of the wide variety of digestibility of Japanese diet, it was concluded that 1.25 g/kg/day was reasonable as the safe intake for Japanese as was recommended recently by the National Resources Council in Japan.

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