Pork meat was freeze-dried with the usual method after one of the following pretreatments; (a) no treatment, (b) addition of antioxidant and (c) additions of antioxidant and soy sauce. It was stored for a year at considerably high temperature, 37°C.
Acid and carbonyl values of the meat fat increased gradually during storage. Thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values also showed a slow increase with an apparent correlation between themselves. The meat, however, maintained its suitability as food. The oxidation degree of the meat was subjected to detailed gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition on both free and neutral states. The P/O ratio (molar ratio of palmitic acid/oleic acid) determined from the amount of free fatty acids increased during storage, indicating certain correlation with oxidation rate. The P/O value, therefore, was confirmed to be characteristic of fat. There was no much difference in the sensory test of the seven-months samples with regard to the parts of pork and pretreatment. However, a slightly better result was obtained with (c) treatment.
It was concluded from these results that freeze-dried pork was preservable at least seven months at 37°C with little deterioration, if the storage vessel was covered with raminated aluminum foil and the meat was exposed to nitrogen gas. Addition of antioxidants and soy sauce was highly effective for maintaining meat quality.

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A study was made of poliovirus antibody production by cows and administration of the immune milk on monkeys. The change in the antibody level of serum and milk of pregnant or multiparous cows after intramuscular injection of anti-poliovirus vaccine, the change of the antibody activity after thermal treatment, and the change in the serum antibody level of monkeys after oral administration of the immune dried milk were examined.
1) The immunization with anti-poliovirus vaccine on pregnant cow increased the neutralizing antibody level of its serum and milk to >4, 096x as compared to 4 to 64x of the serum and 4 to 32x of the milk before the immunization.
2) The neutralizing antibody level of milk decreased rapidly; the level returned to the initial one in two weeks after the delivery.
3) The administration of immune colostrum on a calf increased the neutralizing antibody level of its serum to 512x, as compared to 4x before the administration.
4) Heating for 30 minutes at 63°C caused no decrease in the neutralizing antibOdy level of milk.
5) One of four monkeys fed the immune dried milk for 15 days gave a serum antibody level of 8x.

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Amino acid compositions determined by ion exchange chromatography were reported on 49 foods commonly consumed in Japan. They include cereals and pulses and their products 11, fishes and shellfishes 16, meats, milk and egg 8, and fruits and vegetables 14. Samples were acid-hydrolyzed with 6N hydrochloric acid at 110°C for 24 hours. Amino acid compositions of the hydrolyzates were determined by the automatic method with a Beckman Spinco amino acid analyzer except methionine, cystine and tryptophan. Methionine and cystine were determined with the performic acid oxidation method, and tryptophan was estimated with the microbiological method or the colorimetric method using dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.
Amino acid compositions of the 49 foods are summarized in tables in terms of mg of each amino acid per g of nitrogen.
Comparison of the amino acid composition between animal foods and plant foods showed that nutritionally important amino acids such as lysine, methionine and threonine were generally more abundant in animal foods than in plant foods, but some plant foods were rich in individual essential amino acid. Amino acid compositions of plant foods seemed to show greater variation than those of animal foods. Some plant foods contained a large amount of glutamic acid or aspartic acid, and the presence of such large amount of single amino acid lowers another amino acid contents of plant foods when expressed in terms of mg per g of nitrogen. Among animal foods, there is no important difference of amino acid composition between fishes and meats except histidine. Data obtained indicate that fishes and meats are equally good animal protein sources from the standpoint of the human nutrition.

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On the determination of amino acid content of foods which contain a large amount of carbohydrate, the effects of the quantity of HCl for hydrolysis of samples were studied. It has been made evident by the experiment, that the quantity of HCl gives a significant influence on the amino acid recovery.
Hydrolysis were performed with various amount of 6N HCl, from 1 to 1, 000 times against sample weight, for 24 hours at 110°C. Amino acid analysis was carried out on the hydrolyzates of isolated soybean protein and rice protein, with or without starch, using a Beckman Spinco model 120 A amino acid analyzer. The ratio of protein to carbohydrate was 1: 10.
As far as the hydrolyzates of isolated protein without starch, the amino acid values showed nosignificant changes by adding more than 100 times the amount of HCl against the sample. In the case of hydrolyzates of samples with starch, there were differences between soybean protein and rice protein.
On the hydrolyzates of soybean protein with starch, all the amino acid values of the sample were found to be quite similar to the values of the hydrolyzates of soybean protein without starch obtained by adding more than 100 times amount of HCl against the sample. And even by adding HCl only 10 times against the sample, good recoveries except for tyrosine were obtained. But in the case of rice protein with starch it was not good enough to add 100 times amount of HCl against the sample, since tyrosine, serine and arginine were notably lost. Especially the recovery of tyrosine decreased by adding 1, 000 times amount of HCl against the sample.
In conclusion, on the determination of amino acid content of foods, satisfactory values were obtained except for tyrosine and arginine by adding more than 100 times amount of HCl against the sample for hydrolysis.

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Life length, survival patterns and histological change of rats has been studied at the different dietary protein level.
Male weaning rats received synthetic diets containing three different levels of casein on ad libitum feeding as well as pair-feeding. In 10 and 18% casein group the diets were given throughout the life, and in 27% casein group rats were raised with 27% casein diet during the first one year, and then all of the surviving rats were devided into three groups, in which each 10, 18 and 27% casein diet was fed until death.
In the case of the uniform lifelong dietary regimes, there was no statistically significant difference among the mean life length of rats in 10, 18 and 27% casein group. However, the following tendencies were observed from the viewpoint of effect of dietary protein level on life span. On ad libitum feeding 18% casein diet was most beneficial, and 27% casein diet was superior to 10% casein diet during the first 540 days, and thereafter in late life 10% casein diet was better than 27% casein diet. On pairfeeding, 27% casein diet was the best, and there was no marked difference between 10 and 18% casein diet.
18% casein diet seemed to produce most favorable influence on length of life among three kinds of diets, which were given to the rats in 27% casein group from one year old age to death.
Mean length of life was not significantly different among rats in different litters under the same dietary condition.
The results of histological post mortem examination were as follows. The major cause of death was pneumonia. Lower the casein level in the diets, more incidence of lesions in the liver was observed. Especially atrophy of the liver was observed in high rate even during the first one year in 10% casein group, but the incidence of fatty liver did not related to the caseinlevel in diets. Myocardial degeneration, especially pimelosis, developed more frequently in 27% casein group than in other two groups. Atrophy of the testis and calcification in the kidneys occured more frequently in 10% casein group than in other two groups. Less incidence of lesions in the heart, kidneys, testis, stomach and intestine was observed in 18% casein group than the other groups. Only a few rats had lesions in the spleen and adrenals microscopically observable. No histological change was found in the brain.

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The present paper deals with the organic acid compositions in seaweeds and the changes in those contents during drying. The results obtained were as follows:
1. There were little difference in the contents of organic acids in seaweeds among three of them, i. e., mozuku, wakame and hosome-konbu (Figs. 1-3).
2. Hosome-konbu contained 401mg per cent as total organic acids. Its value was about eight times that of mozuku and was about four times that of wakame (Table 1).
3. Citric acid content in wakame was remarkably increased dnring drying (Table 3).
4. All the organic acids in hosome-konbu were decreased during drying (Table 3).

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Animal feeding tests were conducted to access nutritive values of protein isolate from Torula yeast by urea soaking method.
Nitrogen balance tests revealed higher digestibility, and consequently higher net protein utilization, for the protein isolate than that for the dried cells.
Biological value of Torula protein isolate was found not so different from that of the dried cells.
Biological value of the protein isolate was improved by methionine supplementation to the level attainable with casein. The fact that urea treated- and untreated-casein was essentially not different in biological value and digestibility allowed to conclude that the urea treatment did not impair the nutritional quality of proteins.
Protein efficiency ratio of the protein isolate supplemented with methionine compared favorably with the value for casein. And again no essential difference was found between the values for urea treated- and untreated-casein.
No anomalous symptom was detected in appearance of the experimental animals during and after feeding tests, indicating no toxic factor, or more precisely, no acute toxic factor, in the protein isolate.

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As a part of experiments on the utilization of microorganism cell which are waste by-products in the industry of producing various profitable substances by fermentation processes, the present paper concerns with the protein isolated from a strain of Micrococcus glutamicus, by which a large quantity of glutamic acid is produced in commercial scale in this country.
The protein content of the cell was found significantly high; crude protein amounted to 80.1% on dry basis, Its essential amino acid pattem was very close to that of whole hen's egg, a reference protein for human nutrition, while the aromatic amino acids content was slightly lower than that to count its chemical score as 79. When the urea soaking method alone was applied to the freeze-dried cell, amount of protein extracted was lower but increased to a satisfactory degree by combining acidpretreatment with the urea soaking method. Amino acid patterns of protein isolates obtained from freeze-dried cell and acid-treated cell were also close to that of whole hen's egg, except that methionine content was limiting for human nutrition in the both isolates. The protein isolated by the combined method of which E/T ratio was close to that of conventional animal protein was moderately white in color, free from a peptone-like flavor, and free from non-digestible cell wall materials.

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The physiological effect of lysozyme was examined. Lysozyme does not catalyze casein decomposition in vitro. On feeding rabbits and rats with the trial infant formula, containing 130mg Percent of lysozylme (Px), the following results were observed.
1) Lysozyme content in human milk was determined as 3-10mg percent. Cow's milk contains only 0.03-0.17mg percent. Lysozyme content of cow's milk is about 1/100 of human milk.
2) Lysozyme content in blood serum and feces, especially in feces, was increased when fed rabbits with the Px.
3) Nitrogen distributions in feces of rabbits were determined by the use of Dowex-50 W ion exchange resin. Low molecular weight N-compounds in feces were increased by infant formula, Snow Brand Neomilk PF (PF), feeding compared with Oriental diet feeding. No significant difference in N-distribution in feces was observed between Px and PF feedings.
4) On feeding rats with either Px or PF, the pH of feces was decreased and the count of Lactobacillus bifidus was increased. This tendency was especially remarkable with the Px feeding. Changing the feed to Oriental diet, pH of feces was again increased and the count of Lactobacillus bifidus was decreased.

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Seventeen infants, 2 to 150 days old, were fed on the dried milk fortified with 130mg percent of lysozyme (Px) for 4 to 21 days. The control infants were fed on Snow Brand Neomilk PF (PF) for 4 to 7 days.
Results obtained are as follows:
1) No difference in general findings, feeding quantity and fecal appearance, was observed between the experimental and the control infants. The experimental infants showed normal weight gain. Especially remarkable weight gain was observed with 5 premature infants.
2) Lysozyme content in feces was increased in 13 cases out of 15 by the Px feeding, although theresults varied widely, in the range of 0.7 to 80mg per 100g solid, from infant to infant. It is, therefore, presumed that lysozyme can pass through the stomach, without receiving any enzymatic decomposition, into the small intestine.
3) Glucosamine content in feces was also increased in 12 cases out of 14 by the Px feeding, although the content varied widely from 0.3 to 4.3mg per g of solid. The tendency of increase was almost the same as lysozyme content of feces.
4) No difference in ammonia-nitrogen, histamine and hydrogen sulfide content in feces was observed between the experimental and the control infants.
5) Nitrogen distribution in feces was determined by the molecular sieving method with Dowex-50 W ion exchange resin. About 60 to 67% of total nitrogen originated from amino acid and other low molecular weight nitrogen compounds. No significant difference in the pattern of nitrogen distribution was observed between the experimental and the control infants. But, amino acid and other low molecular weight nitrogen compounds in feces were slightly increased by the Px feeding. The ratio of water soluble nitrogen compounds to total nitrogen was also increased by the Px feeding.
6) No difference was found in the pH of feces and fecal appearance between the experimental and the control infants. The count of Lactobacillus bifidus in feces, however, increased by the Px feeding.

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Lysozyme, its related compounds and bacteria flora in feces were studied on 13 breast-feeding infants, 2 to 10 months old, in comparison with the previously reported results on infants fed on lysozymefortified milk powder (Px).
1) Lysozyme content in the feces of breast-feeding infants was about 5mg per 100g solid, while that of bottle-feeding infants was about 2mg. The content of bottle-feeding infants became comparable to or more than that of breast-feeding infants, when they were fed on the Px.
2) Glucosamine content in the feces of breast-feeding infants varied from 1 to 27.5mg per gram of solid. On the other hand, that of bottle-feeding infants was only 0.5mg per gram of solid. This could be raised to 1mg per gram by the Px feeding, but the content was always lower compared with the breast-feeding.
3) The ammonium nitrogen content in the feces of breast feeding infants was about 2mg per gram of solid, which was almost the same as, or slightly higher, than that of bottle-feeding infants. Histamine content was almost the same as bottle-feeding, 1mg per gram of solid. No hydrogen sulfide was detected.
4) Water-soluble nitrogen compounds was about 80 percent of total nitrogen in the feces of breastfeeding infants. The ratio was much higher compared with that of bottle-feeding infants. The nitrogen distribution, determined by the use of Dowex-50 W ion exchange resin, demonstrated higher protein nitrogen content in the feces of breast-feeding infants compared with bottle-feeding infants.
5) The pH of the feces of breast-feeding infants was lower than that of bottle-feeding infants. The great majority of intestinal bacteria flora was Lactobacillus bifidus. No coliform bacteria was observed except for a few cases.

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The effect of ultrasonic wave irradiation upon the ascorbic acid content of vegetable tissue was investigated employing parsley leaves etc., and following results were obtained.
1) Indophenol titration value was decreased by ultrasonic wave irradiation in L-ascorbic acid solution.
2) No effect was observed on the ascorbic acid content of ultrasonic wave-irradiated parsley leaves. But, in the case of minced leaves, indophenol titration value was decreased considerably.
3) Ascorbinase activity of ultrasonic wave-irradiated carrot fluid was conspicuously decreased.

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