The effect of folic acid (FA) with or without NaCl on the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid (LAA) in the vegetable when boiled was studied and the results obtained were as follows;
1) FA (0.5-20mg%) could restrain the oxidation of LAA (10mg% solution) when boiled for 5-60 mins., and the higher the concentration of FA solution and the longer the boiling time, the more was the ratio of the residual LAA.
2) EA with NaCl (0.5, 1.0, 4.0 and 10g/dl) could effectively prevent the oxidation of LAA than FA only, when boiled for 5-60 mins.
3) When the concentration of FA in the boiling water was adjusted to twice of that of LAA in cabbage leaves, and boiled leaves for 10 mins., the protective effect of NaCl on the LAA oxidation could observed.

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The effect of BHA on rat growth and BHA excretion was investigated. In the case of milk casein diet, BHA addition caused rat growth retardation, while in the case of polished rice diet, BHA did not cause this retardation. The apparent excretion rate of BHA on milk casein diet was 13.2% and on polished rice diet was 14.3%. In both cases, BHA was more excreted in urine than feces.

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A study was conducted on seasonal changes in quantity of organic acid, nitrogen compound and phosphorus compound and in activity of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterases contained in the flesh and fluid portions of short-necked clam. The results obtained were as follows.
1) Soluble nitrogen in the flesh and total nitrogen in the extrapallial fluid increased in quantity during the period from March to June when the gonad develops. 2) In both portions, inorganic phosphorus showed little change whereas total phosphorus and acid soluble phosphorus increased in summer but decreased in winter. The value in spring was as high as that in summer. 3) Succinic acid in the flesh showed the minimum value of 12mg% in December. The maximum value was 97mg% as observed in late September. The values observed at most other times ranged from 20 to 50mg%. 4) Succinic acid in the extrapallial fluid was 0 to 8mg% in normal condition, but occasionally the value greatly increased due to abnormal metabolism. 5) Alkaline phosphomonoesterase in both portions showed low activity in summer and high activity from December to May or June.

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A study was carried out on the changes of the contents of succinic acid and other components of the short-necked clam left in various environmental conditions, and the following results were obtained.
1) During the period from December through February, the quantity of succinic acid in the extrapallial fluid of the commercial short-necked clam was as much as 25 to 37% of the total succinic acid and the quantity in the flesh also was higher than that in the previous report observed at about the same period. 2) When the short-necked clam was exposed to the air for 24 hours, succinic acid increased in quantity both in the flesh and in the extrapallial fluid. Particulary in the extrapallial fluid, it remarkably increased from 0-10mg% in the control specimen to 72.4mg% in February specimen and 108.6mg% in September specimen occupying 56.4% and 42.7% of the total succinic acid, respectively. 3) When the short-necked clam was soaked in fresh water for 24 hours or in warm sea water of 35°C for 3 hours, succinic acid increased in quantity both in the flesh and in the extrapallial fluid. In the latter portion, succinic acid once occupied 60% of the total succinic acid. 4) When the short-necked clam was half-exposed for 7 days, succinic acid in the flesh decreased once and increased later. On the contrary, succinic acid in the extrapallial fluid increased at first and decreased later. Thus, the changes in the two portions did not necessarily show the same trand.

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6-Azauracil, β-alanine or carnosine was subcutaneously injected to male Wistar strain rats for a 15 days period (10mg/day/rat). The gain of body weight and the orotate excretion were measured daily. The contents of β-alanine, anserine and carnosine in several organ preparations were determined by an amino acid autoanalyzer on the 16th day. At the same time RNA and DNA of these preparations were also estimated using conventional technique.
The contents of β-alanine, anserine and carnosine were markedly increased by the 6-azauracil or β-alanine treatment. After carnosine treatment, anserine was found in the liver and small intestine. High concentration (2.7 hold of normal case) of anserine was found in the gastrocnemius. β-Alanine was also increased in some organs and found in the spleen and gastrocnemius. By the carnosine or β-alanine treatment the content of RNA was increased in the several organs, but not DNA.

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Five groups consisting of six male Wister strain rats which just had weaned were raised for fourteen weeks with the diet whose fat level is 13, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Cal % percent respectively, 13% being the average amount of fat obtained by national dietary survey in 1961 and dietary allowance of fat for 1970. The calories of protein in the diet was 13% of the total calories for all groups.
The national survey stated above showed that about 50% of the total fat was given by proteinous foods such as milk, eggs, meat and fish, and the remaining 50% was supplied mainly by visible fat. Visible fat was a mixture of one part nonsalted butter, one part margarine, and three parts soybean oil. In the present work a mixture of soybeans (27.4g), muccurel (100.0g), pork (28.0g), eggs (28.5g), all of which being heated and dried, and whole milk powder (3.3g) served as the source of invisible fat. The ratio of this invisible fat to visible fat was made at 50: 50.
The mineral component was supplied by McCallum salt mixture and the vitamin source was Panvitan powder.
The fat level in the diet affected weight gain. After the eighth week the weight gain decreased with the fat level in the following order: 50, 30, 40, 20, 13 Cal%.
The cumulative weight gain per 100 calories of total diet decreased in the following order of the percentage of fat:
up to the seventh week-
50% 40% 30% 20% 13%
the eighth and ninth week-
40% 30% 50% 20% 13%
the tenth week-
30% 40% 20% 50% 13%
The calorie intake per 1 gram body weight decreased rapidly with the week. At equal week of age, values of the calorie intake obtained with each group were very close.
Plasma cholesterol was not affected by the nature of the feed.
At the end of the experiment, lipase activity of pancreas and small-intestine was high in the group fed by 30 Cal % fat diet.

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Induction of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-P DH) (E. C. 1. 1. 1. 49) in adult rats was studied under various dietary conditions as follows: group 1) protein free-89% fructose diet; group 2) protein free-89% glucose diet; group 3) 20% casein-69% fructose diet; and group 4) 20% casein- 69% glucose diet. Donryu strain male rats weighing about 200g, which had been fed control diet, were starved for 2 days and then fed the above diet ad lib. Rat liver homogenates were centrifuged at 105, 000 X g for 60 minutes and G-6-P DH activity in the supernatant was measured colorimetrically-Furthermore, G-6-P DH was purified several folds in specific activity by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and its electrophoretical behaviour was studied. Induction of G-6-P DH in rat liver was observed in groups 3 and 4, while in groups 1 and 2, no induction was observed. The value of induction was higher in group 3 than in group 4. By polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis two distinctbands of G-6-P DH were observed in rats fed either fructose (group 3) or glucose (group 4) with 20% casein, but one of the two bands was obscure in rats fed protein free diet (groups 1 and 2) or in those during starvation.

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Skimmilk powder (26-28g) being employed in school lunches for children at ages from 9 to 11, is gradually replaced to market milk (180cc). It was planned to make the comparison of protein quality between the menus using skimmilk and market milk. Following are the average values obtained from the skimmilk-used menus; Protein Score (P. S.) 75, Chemical Score (C. S.) on Japanese (1966) egg protein 64, C.S. on FAO/WHO (1965) egg protein 75, E/T Ratio (E/T) 2.52, Protein content 30g. Average values from the market milk-used menus are as follows; P. S. 75, C. S. on Japanese egg protein 67, C. S. on FAO/WHO egg protein 78, E/T 2.44, protein content 27.9g.

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1) Fractionation of soybean proteins at different stages of Miso-fermentation was studies by means of Davis' disc electrophoresis. As specimens commercial Mame-miso (Miso fermented without rice koji), crude soybean (starting material) and Miso fermented with rice koji under laboratory condition were used. Buffer action of these was also studied.
2) Two fractions of proteins could be separated from Mame-miso by ammonium sulphate fractionation at any salt concentrations.
3) From the water-extracted proteins of Mame-miso seven fractions were detected on the anodeside, while three fractions on the cathode-side by electrophoresis. When the desalting method differed, different patterns were detected.
4) From the water-extracted proteins of soybean 12 fractions were detected on the anode-side by electrophoresis.
5) Water-extractable proteins of soybean were decomposed and transformed during Miso-fermentation process by the action of rice koji. Six days after starting the fermentation, the fraction corresponding to the alubumin of crude soybean increased over 50 percent. Only this fraction continued to accumulate during the maturing process and came to 57 percent at 38 th day. This fraction was contained 14 percent in crude soybean protein, 59 percent in Haccho-miso protein. This fraction also has given a migration zone overlapped with fungi protein of koji extracted by a buffer solution and with prealubumin of bovine alubumin. As the fermentation proceeded, the buffer action of soybean was intensified.

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1) Detection of water-extractable protein fractions of Mame-miso was made by the use of electrophoresis and gel-filtration with consideration of concentration and pH conditions of proteins.
2) The water-extracted protein has given the same migration value as that of prealubumin of bovine alubumine. The protein was estimated as of spherocolloid from the viscosity determination.
3) It was recognized that the peptides showing protenoid behavior were much contained in Miso.
4) Zero-charge point of the water-extracted protein was estimated pH 4. 6-4.7 and pH 4.2-4.3 by viscosity and solubility measurements.
5) The water-extracted protein and peptides were found under solvation at high concentration, of which conditions was unstable in alkaline medium, but relatively stable in acid medium.

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Fresh banana fruits were analyzed as to their nitrate content and the effect of nitrate during storage of canned banana on tin-dissolving was investigated.
(1) Banana fruits tested contained nitrate in the amount of 4 to 30ppm with no correlation with ripeness (Table I).
(2) Detinning is accelerated in canned banana containing large amount of nitrate as in the case of canned orange drink and canned tomato juice (Table III, Fig. 1 and 2).
(3) It was found from the canning practice that about 30ppm tin is dissolved per 1ppm nitratenitrogen (Table IV).
(4) It is necessary to pay cautions of the nitrate content in banana befor canning.

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A hypocholesterolemic substance was isolated from ‘SHIITAKE, ’ mushroom Lentinus edodes. Three kg of dried ‘SHIITAKE’ was extracted with hot water. Extracts were treated with Amberlite IR-120 (H-form). The adsorbed substance was eluted with 1N NH₄OH. Eluate was treated with 20% Pb subacetate, the Ppts. were decomposed with 1N H₂SO₄ and the filtrate of lead sulfate was treated with Ba (OH)₂ to remove SO₄^2-. Filtrate was treated with IR-4B (OH-form) by batch method. The adsorbed substance was eluted with 1.51 of 0.5N CH₂COOH subsequently, the first eluate was separated, the IInd-IVth eluate was evaporated in vacuo. The concentrates were dissolved in hot water (50ml) and kept in refrigerator overnight. The Ppts. (insoluble in cold water) were recrystallized with hot water, An acidic crystalline substance, mp. 278°C (dec.), [α]D+50° (0.3%, 0.1N NaOH), U.V. spectra: λmax 259 mμ (0.1N HCl), λmax 260mμ (0.1N KOH) was obtained. Found: C42.29%, H4.38%, O 25.99%, N27.98%, Calcd. for C₉H₁₁O₄N₅: C42.69%, H4.35%, O25.30%, N27.67%. U.V., NMR and IR spectra showed 9-substituted adenine and supported the structure of Lentysine, 4- (6-aminopurine-9-yl) -4-deoxy-D-erythronic acid.
The addition of the crystalline substance (mp.278°C) at 10mg% of diet, for the last 7-8days, showed significant reduction in plasma cholesterol of rats fed on the hypercholesterolemic diet.

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