Abstract: Burning mouth syndrome(BMS)is a chronic orofacial pain condition that still lacks clear diagnostic signs and has no well-established and effective therapeutic protocols. It has been reported that BMS is associated with neuropathic and/or psychogenic factors. If psychological factors are involved in BMS, and if part of its etiology could be considered a nociplastic pain that is neither nociceptive nor neuropathic pain, it is reasonable to assess the state of the autonomic nervous system in addition to the somatic sensory nerves. Therefore, we focused on the light reflex as an autonomic function. In this study, we used a pupillometer as a potential new objective testing method for autonomic function and assessed the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy-informed counseling(CBT-informed counseling)in patients with BMS. The subjects were eleven middle aged and elderly female patients(average age 62.5±12.8 years, ranges 50-85 years)who sought treatment in Nagasaki University Hospital Oral Pain and Liaison Clinic for burning sensation of the mouth and/or the tongue during 2024 and -2025. Vital signs(blood pressure and pulse rate), pain intensity assessed by the numerical rating scale(NRS)and multiple parameters recorded by the pupillometer were measured at the start and end of the CBT based counseling, and compared afterwards. After the CBT-informed counseling for patients with BMS, their blood pressure and pulse rate dropped, NRS decreased and a few parameters of the pupillometer changed significantly(p<0.05). These findings indicated that CBT-informed counseling affected the parasympathetic-sympathetic balance of patients with BMS and their psychological conditions, supporting that a pupillometer could be useful to assess autonomic function objectively. Of course, a controlled study is needed to evaluate the strict therapeutic effect of the CBT-comprehensive approach. As a pilot study, we introduce a new tool and provide an example of objective assessment for patients with BMS.
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