1. I investigated the circulation of marine products in selected forth fishing ports in Japan.
2. These forth fishing ports are selected from the ports in all the prefectures where the largest amount of fish is landed.
3. The classification of management of fish; fresh fish, refrigerated fish, processed fish.
A. Processing
Main fishing ports where processing of fish is carried on; Rumoi, Monbetsu, Hakodate, Choshi, Shimizu, Yahatahama, Sakai, Ushibuka, Makurazaki.
These ports are far from large consuming cities, are hard of access and are poorly equipped with refrigerating facilities.
B. Ports where much fresh fish is shipped; Shimonoseki, Fukuoka, Nagasaki
From these ports, making full use of trains and automobiles, the fish is shipped to so-called “million cities” such as Osaka, Nagoya, Tokyo.
C. Ports where there is much use of refrigerators; Shiogama, Ishinomaki, Kesennuma, Ofunato, Hachinohe, Kushiro, etc.
Mackerel pike, horse mackerel, mackerel, sardine, and cuttle fish are the fishes that are consumed in large quantity in Japan. These are refrigerated to be supplied throughout the year.
D. Tokyo market is powerful in areas to the east of Yaizu and Niigata, and in areas to the west of them Osaka market is influential.
E. Fishing ports are classified into two kinds; ports that are situated near fishing grounds, and have good access to them; and ports mainly for landing fish. And there is a tendency that the ports of the latter kind are inclined to gather near consuming cities.

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Owing to the recent development of manufacuturing industries in Japan, several foreshore districts are reclaimed by filling-in for industrial use. The fishermen who were dispossessed of their fishing ground are compelled to change their occupation in exchange for the indemnity.
The indemnities are allocated to fishermen through fishermen's cooperative associations, by various methods or of the utilization of the fishing grounds.
In this paper the writer explains the relations between the allocation of the indemnity and the systems of utilization of fishing grounds.

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In Chugoku mountains, the writer found patterned grounds and block stream originated in the last glacial age in several places.
Patterned grounds develop on gentle crest-slopes, which are higher than 1, 100 metres above the sea level and gentler than 28 degrees. And on the slope, steeper than 15 degrees, steps develop in several places. These patterned grounds cut Sanbeyama pumice and are covered with Daisen volcanic ashes.
Block streams are located at the upper part of the mountain slopes (1, 150-900 metres). These block streams are originated from Felbsburgen above them. The form of these block streams are very similar in this mountain. A block stream at the upper part of the Hibayama, the largest one in the mountains, is 300 metres long, 40-30 metres wide at least. The slope of this block stream is 34-30 degrees. Diameter of blocks of the block stream is 1.5-1 metres, in rare occasions 4 metres. And at the lower part of the block stream, these are small boulders (30-20 centimetres in diameters), but deficient of matrix. These blocks are broken with the fracture planes. Covered with bushes, it is proved that the block streams do not move under the present climate.

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“Obanazawa pumice bed” is extensively distributed in Obanazawa basin and its vicinity along the middle-stream of the Mogami river. This deposit was first described by Prof. Y. Tomita as the deposit under the fluvial agency of the Niu river at the time of the explosion of Funagata volcano (in Ou mountains), at the source of this river.
The writers exmained about 160 exposures and made the isopach map of the deposit. From this map, the volume of Obanazawa pumice was roughly estimated 0.19km. The deposit attains a maximum exposed thickness in the western border of its distribution area, namely in the vicinity of Hijiori spa. Further, Obanazawa pumcie bed is found on the surfaces of hill-land and higher-middle terraces (Sabane-Obanazawa surfaces).
These observations about the distribution of Obanazawa pumcie and some other evidences indicate that Obanazawa pumcie was deposited as a fallen tephra originated from Hijiori cladera (Dewa range). In the writers' opinion taking the result of pollen analyses and archeological sruvey into consideration, Obanazawa pumice bed belongs to the upper Pleistocene or lowest Holocene age.

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The urban district of Utsunomiya has been remarkably enlarged since Meiji Era. First, military sites in Meiji Era contributed to the expansion in the western and the northwestern parts of Utsunomiya. Then, the southern and the eastern parts were rapidly built up by the establihsment of large munition factories built during the World War II. More urbanization was seen in the southern than in the eastern part because of larger factories in the former. Thirdly, since 1960, the development of industrial areas and residential areas, as well as the construction of small and medium size factories in the suburbs have worked together for the expansion of Utsunomiya.
The first and the second steps of urbanization took place on Takaragi Terrace which extends from the north to the south in the suburbs of Utsunomiya. The third step, especially shows us a good exmaple of a close relation between the city development and landforms.
Generally speaking, urban districts are slow to expand into alluvial lowlands. There are river terraces formed by several rivers flowing to the south in the sububrbs of Utsunomiya. Remakrable urbanization is seen on the terraces to the east and the north of Utsunomiya. Large factor sites accompanied with residential areas will result in the urbainization of the eastern part in near future.
Some people consider that the industrial development of Utsunomiya is nothing but the outer margin of Keihin Industrial District. The development of residential areas in Utsunomiya, however, can hardly be regarded to characterize this city as a residential satellite of Tokyo.

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The Itabashi-numa is a water reservoir for irrigation constructed on the eastern slope of Mt. Shirataka, Yamagata prefecture. The water of this lake is mainly collected as snowmelt water supplied from the catchment area during the winter. In early summer, the lake water is entirely transferred to the adjacent lake “Ohnuma” and the water is used for irrigation. After the pond is dried in this way, the basin of the Itabashi-numa is used for rice culture. Thus this pond makes an example of an unusual land use; namely as a reservoir in the winter and early in the spring, and as rice fields in the growing season of the summer.

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In Kartalandschaft von Hachinohe, Akka, Ryusen und Sendai-daira (Irimizu), ist es klar, daß aus gleichartiger Gesteinqualität und Textur ähnliche Formen bestehen können.
Üher die Karren, sind die Karren von Hachinohe fast gleich Akiyoshi-Typ und die Karren von Sendai-daira gehören warhscheinlich zum Hirao-Typ.
Östlich von Akka-Ryusen und Sendai-daira läuft die Bruchwand fort, die dort eine Reihe Dolinen bilden.
Die Höhlen können in 3 Typen, Karstgefäße-Typ (Ryusen H.), Höhlenflüsse-Typ (Irimizu H.) und Gemischten-Typ (Akka H.) klassifiziert werden. Besonders über der Irimizu Höhlen, sind viele Strudellöcher nahe am Ausflußteil, die die Strenge der physikalischen Erosion zeigen.

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There are two marine terraces at the northern part of the western coast of Hunka Bay, Hokkaido. The upper terrace deposits have the sediments of sand dune, peat and clay, and they deposited at the same geological time. The sediments of the present coast of Hunka Bay are also sand dune, peat and clay. By the comparison of the terrace and present deposits, the writer considered that the marine terrace deposits were perhaps sedimented under the same circumstance as the present.

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All the volcanic ashes have been formed by certain developmental processes, which are continuous. Brown volcanic ash is accumulated at the foot of the Kurikoma volcanoes, but no black volcanic ash with colored minerals was found there. In the west areas at the feet of the volcanoes, the brown volcanic ash is changed into glei soil which shows a gray white color due to the underground water. Some of glei solis are formed by melting water of the remaining snow in the southern part of the summit of the volcanoes. Rusy mottles are shown in the upper part of glei horizon. The relation between gleization and the remaining snow area is an interesting phenomenon.

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