In 1973, the number of branch offices in Kôriyama reached 785. This figure is almost comparable with the figures of cities where prefectural governments are located. Most of the branch offices belong to manufacturing industries in the industial classification of the companies. They handle many consumer goods, such as food, drugs and medicines, and electrical applicances. The branch offices of manufacturing industries, however, bear little direct relation to the industrial plants in this city.
Most of the branches were established after World War II like in other cities, and especially since 1966. Besides, there are many branches which moved to this city from other cities within Fukushima Prefecture. In other words, many of these branches were established to supplement the function of branches in other central cities, such as Sendai.
Distribution of the branches in the built-up area of Kôriyama is differentiated in two districts: central district and south district. This is a transitory phenomenon, because both the agglomeration rate and density of branches are relatively low.
Located either in Fukushima Prefectue (excluding Kôriyama City) or in Miyagi Prefecture, their branch offices clearly show a localism as compared with cities classfied as regionl centers. 87.5% of the branches in Kôiyama are under control of branches in Sendai. 387 (49.3%) out of the 785 branches in Kôriyama have the branches in Sendai, too. 2.57 control branches (77.4%) out of them are in Sendai.
56.0% branch offices in Kôriyama are responsbile for Fukushima Prefecture alone, and only 10% are in charge of areas in other prefectures as well.
On the whole, the control areas of the branches are larger in cases of manufacturing companies, but are small in banking, transport and service industries.

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In these days, we can no longer view urban and rural areas as contradictory, conflicting, or even competing concepts. Instead, these areas must now be studied as a unity coexisting in a complimentary relationship, which hereafter will be referred to as rurban areas.
The aim of this paper is to investigate if urband-rural consolidation is possible in Japan, what the prerequisite conditions are, and what means are necessary for planned consolidation in accordance with future changes. Rurban conformity development, conceived to cope with the socio-economic evnironment of the 1960's, including urban concentration, shortage of housing and residential land, soaring land prices, deteriorating urban and rural life environments, wanton mamipulation of real estate markets, sprawlish development, and changing aspirations among the rural population, is examined as one means of achieving such planned consolidation and traditional land-use patterns are studied for possible change. At the same time, asking what characterizes local communities formed through rurban conformity development, the writer reviews agricultural cooperative life, categorizes cooperative approaches to such development into four types, and considers the outlook for regional develpment. Case studies are also provided of land readjustment enterprises Takamatsu region and the “Co-op Town Asahiga-oka” developed Asa-cho in Hiroshima Prefecture.

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Mise is a peculair construction attached to houses in fishing villages of Anan District, on the southeastern coast of Shikoku Island.
Mise is composed of upper part (Uwa-Mise) and lower part (Shita-Mise); Shita-Mise serves as a kind of veranda when it is pulled down, and Uwa-Mise and Shita-Mise together form a shutter (Amado) when the former pulled down and the latter lifted up. The form of Uwa-Mise is similar to Shitomi-do (latticed shutter), which are observed in some houses in Kyôto and its neighborhood. But Mise is different from Shitomi-do or Battari-Shogi in function, for it acts as a cover against rain.
Mise is distributed only in fishing villages in the whole Kaifu-gun of Tokushima Prefecture and a part of Tôyô-chô in Kôchi Prefecture, but not in agricultural districts in the same region. In particular, it is densely distributed along Tokushima-Kôchi prefectural boundary. Within fishing villages, there are few Mise along shopping streets, whereas there are plenty in coastal villages where many fishermen live. In villages where population density is low, there are many Mise even along highways.
Mise is attached to the eave-side along with Genkan (entrance) of the Hira-iri type house (the house with an entrance on the eave-side) which is dominant in coastal fishing villages in Anan District.
There are four sizes of Mise, 90, 135, 180 and 270cm long. 90cm-Mise is predominant in the north, 135cm-Mise in the south, and 180cm-Mise in the central part of the region.
The forms of Mise are divided into three types: (1) a type which has both Uwa-Mise and Shita-Mise, (2) a type which has only Shita-Mise, (3) Mise in Takamado-style. The third type is predominant in the north, the second in the central, whereas in the south all the Mise belong to the first type.
The size of house of the coastal fishing villages in this district is generally very small. In order to make use of the small Omote-no-ma (living room) as widely as possible, people use Shita-Mise as a supplementary place for work, pastime and so on.

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There are Katchi Hill to the west and Misawa Hill to the east of Lake Ogawara.
Katchi Hill is composed of the Pleistocene Enokibayashi Formation underlain unconformably by the Tertiary Katchi Formation. Shichihyaku (60-80m) and Furumaki (45-55m) Surfaces were formed at the lower sea-level.
Misawa Hill is composed of the Misawa Formation underlain unconformably by the Enokibayashi Formation, and the upper (35-40m), the middle (25-30m), and the lower (10-20m) surfaces were cut at the lower sea level and uplifted.
At the sea-level lowering during the Würm Glacial, three levels of river terraces were formed along the lower course of the Shichinohe River. Their seaward parts were submerged under the higher sea-level of Jômon age, which approximately accords with the stage of Flandrian transgression. Then, Lake Ogawara was blocked a little at the lower sea-level.
These two hills look as if they were under the same morphogenesis, however, Misawa Hill has the quite new origin.

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Present status of air pollution in Sendai is described and its local-climatological conditions are discussed in this paper, expecting the usefulness of air pollution as an indicator for urban climates. Sulphur oxide is picked up now as pollutant since its sources are easy to notice. Pollution sources of sulphur oxide are within the built-up area and at New Sendai Port (Fig 2). The results obtained are as follows;
1) Concentration of sulphur oxide in air shows peculiar seasonal and weekly pattern to each district of business, industrial and residential (Fig 3, Table 1).
2) Marked concentration of sulphur oxide expands to the leeward of the built-up area in winter, but not in summer (Fig 5). It indicates that built-up area works as strong pollution sources in winter, while it works faintly in summer.
3) Concentration of air pollution in and around the built-up area is mostly affected by wind direction rather than wind velocity.
4) When SE wind prevails over the city, plus anomaly of concentration appears not only in the leeward area of pollution sources but also in windward side, Shichigo and Nakano. The plus anomaly area in the windward side suggests the local circulation that carries polluted air to the coast.
5) Clear vertical difference of concentration is frequently observed at urban center in the night (Fig 8). It is thought to be caused by occurrence of surface inversion that confines the pollutants in the low layer.
The results 4) and 5) give the possibility that, looking upon the pollutants as a tracer in air, air flow and climatic characteristics in local-scale in and around the built-up area may be detected.

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