1) The development of wook-chip industry in Japan was originated in the shortage of timber for wood-pulp industry. Today wood-chips exceed all the other materials put together as raw material of pulp industry in this country. Therefore it is natural that the development of wood-chip industry is conditioned mostly by pulp industry and partially by fiber board industry which is closely connected with the former.
2) The wood-chip factories are generally small in scale, and most of them are operated as a subsidiary business of saw-mills or furniture industries. But in Tohoku and Hokkaido the scale of the chip industry is larger than in other districts. There the materials of wood-chips are supplied not only from saw-mills, but also directly from forest areas, especially in the cases of specialized wood-chip industry.
3) Wood-chip factories are distributed in the vicinity of saw-mills or forests. Moreover, they are located near pulp factories. Wood-chips are transported by trucks specially converted for that purpose.
4) So, most of the wood-ship factories are controlled by the management of large pulp or fiber-board companies.
5) The supply of chip material from each saw-mill is small in quantity. So the shortage of chips must be supplied with chips from the forests originally for firewood or charcoal.
6) Demand of wood forwood-chips affects forestry, but the supply of materials for wood-chip industry is unsteady because of the incompleteness of forest roads.

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On several coastal terraces along the northeastern margin of Kitakami Massif, it is observed that a certain tephra deposit was transported on slope surfaces and then buried by the younger tephra. The lowermost horizon of the covering younger tephras is stratigraphically settled at the upper part of Takadate Volcanic Ash and Haehinohe Pumice.
Such disturbed layer showing active movement of materials on the former slope surfaces is not observed in other horizons of the tephra sequence in the area.
From this fact, it is surmised as follows : there existed some conditions that caused slope-instability concurrent with Upper Takadate Ash fall and preceding Haehinohe Pumice fall. Slopes were disturbed in different periods in accordance with their topographic sites.
Upper Takadate Ash, covering the deposits of the coastal terrace of about 10m a.s.l, partly includes angular boulders splitted from the stacks on former abrasion platform and is partly varied in mxied deposits of clayey ash and breccia. There is organic clay directly overlain with Haehinohe Pumice of which C-14 age was dated to 12700±270 yrs. B.P. This clay is abundant in pollens of Picea. These data may suggest the age and environment in the period of slope-instability.

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Growth of a city occurs side by side with the social increase of population in the city. The population growth is not confined to the city, but extends to its suburbs. Considered a social increase in population by restricting to inflow, the population increase in the suburbs consists of immigrants from the city and from the back country.
Both the immigrants from the city and those from country-side consist of two kind of people. One is the kind of people who have their working places or schools to attend in the city, but were competed to move to the suburbs in order to improve their housing conditions or in search of better environment. Therefore, most of them continue to have a close relationship with the city by commuting. We will call them “city oriented immigrants”. The other is such people who move to the suburbs to get job there not in the city. They live close to their working places or schools, or to live in retirement. So, their relationship with the city activities is less close compared to the former kind of people. We term the former “overlowed immigrants”.
The writer, first, examined the rates of overflowed immigrants and city oriented immigrants to the total immigrants of 18 towns around Hiroshima city. Secondly, he tried to divide the whole area of 18 towns into four by using the two rates of each town. Area I ; both rates of overflowed immigrants and city oriented immigrants to the total immigrants are very high. Area II ; both rates are medium. Area III ; rate of overflowed immigrants is fairly high, but rate of city oriented immigrants is low. Area IV ; both rates are low. He pointed out that these two kinds of rates will be useful as indicators for demarcation of the sphere of urban influence.

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In Hidaka district, the author investigated the relationships between the distribution of rice yields per tan and physical conditions. The results obtained are as follows ;
(1) The regional distribution of rice yields per tan in this district is related to the distribution of accumulated air temperatures which is affected by the frequency of the sea fog.
(2) The rice yields per tan in the eastern part are lower than in the middle and western parts. Within four kilometers from the coast, the yields are lower than in the middle- and upper-stream areas.

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The rice farming in Kitami-shi in the northernmost region of Hokkaido suffered much heavier crop failures due to the low temperature in summer before and after the World War II, compared to the central core region, and the area is more backward in the postwar development of rice farming. Before the War, there was a tendency in which the acreage of rice fields dropped markedly just after the crop failures. However, after the War, in spite of the severe crop failures in 1953, 1954 and 1956, the decrease in acreage of rice fields was little. As the reason, we can point out control of the price of rice by the government, the spread of the system of mutual insurance of rice farming, the improvement of the irrigation facilities, the progress of cultivation techniques, and the insecurity of unirrigated non-rice farming.
The cool summer of 1964 has given slighter damage than in 1954 although the drop of the temperature was almost similar with that of 1964. Thus the rice farming in Kitami-shi has been improved to be more stable.

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“Hidarimichi-numa” is an irrigation pond in Sakegawamura, Yamagata Prefecture. The present studies have been carried out chiefly from the hydrochemical point of view. Especially, the seasonal change of the quality of water is discussed in this paper. The results are summarized as follows :
(1) The morphometrical data of this lake are given in the following table,
surface area : 4, 350m²
length of shore line : 352m
maximum depth : 4.41m
mean depth : 1.82m
volume : 7, 940m³
(2) The chemical analyses reveal that the main dissolved substance of the lake water is sodium chloride which is mainly transported by the monsoon. The concentration of dissolved ions is in the order : Cl^->SO^2-₄>HCO^-₃ for anion and Na⁺>Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺ for cation.
(3) In summer, the development of thermal stratification is observed.
(4) Judging from the photosynthetic productivity and the results of chemical analyses, this lake is deduced to be a mesotrophic lake.

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From the distribution of the temperature of dew-point, patterns of daily moist-areas distribution at 700 mb level are classified as follows ; 1) The moist-area is over south China (Fig. 1). 2) The moist-tongue extends from south China to the east along the axis of strong wind belt in the upper air.
3) The moist-tongue extends to the north from the southern Pacific. This is influence of the Typhoon (Fig. 3).

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Ordinarily, the development of a port has a close connection with a large market. But the nature of this connection has not been fully explained. The author investigated this connection for 1965 and '66 concerning Kesennuma port, which is the largest landing port of saury pikes in Japan. As to the shipment of saury pikes from this port, more than half of the shipment is destined to Tokyo and its neighbouring regions. The proportion of Tohoku region, on the contrary, is only 10%. The fishes shipped to other ports such as Yaizu and Choshi are mainly for refrigeration rather than as foodstuff in fresh. The change of the means of transportation namely the change from railway to trucks, had little to do with changes in distinctions.

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In 1958, the test boring was carried out at Momiji Park, Yamagata City to obtain information on geological strata vertically from the ground surface. At this bore-hole, the vertical distribution of the temperatures with the result as is shown by the figure in the text. Here, the Quaternary system consists of several layers classified by heat conductivity. Among them E, G and H layers in the same figure are deduced to be important aquifers.

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Auf der nordlichen Wand von Enoha-buchi, entwickeln lange (etwa 10 m) Rinnen parallel. Die Neigung der Felswand aus Kristallkalk ist etwa 50 Grad, und die Breite der Rinnen mit U-Form beträgt 25-30 cm und die Tiefe der Rinnen ist 20-30 cm. Die Rinnen sind ähnlich den Korrosionsrinnen (Pseudokarren), erkennbar auf dem Granit. Uber die Differenz der Rinnen, die im Vergleich mit dem Akiyoshi-Typ erkennbar ist, wird es vermutet, daß es von der Textur ausgegangen ist.
Auf dem Dolinengrund setzt sich dicker Kalksinter ab, bildet einen Wasserfall, und es gibt noch einige Strudellöcher (Durchmesser 7-40 cm, Tiefe 10-40 cm). Das Ende des Kalksinters bildet einige stufenartige, kleine Sinterschalen. Schon am Fuße der Kalksinterterrassen befindet sich Wasserlache, woraus man finden kann, daß den Karstwasserspiegel sich örtlich erhöht.

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