This report is the first in a continuing study entitled, “Greater Tokyo the city and its industry”, which will excompass the next several years. The writer's colleagues, Mr. A. Takeuchi and Mr. S. Ide, have collaborated in this undertaking. The aims of this preliminary report - as attempted by the writing - are chiefly to delimit the boundaries of the Keihin Industrial Area.
The Keihin industrial area's two most prominent industrial activities are traditional, small-scale industry, and assembling. There is only minor dependence upon heavy industry, according to the writer's attempt to delimit activity, based on 1960 data for the assembly industries. Since then, however, the techniques employed became somewhat unreliable because of changes gradually brought about by the appearance here of new light industries.
Generally, however, it appears that industries attract population to cities, and that whether population swells depends on the levels of wages and salaries. Really large-scale industrialization is possible in the Keihin and Hanshin areas. Figure 2, showing the 1969 limits of Keihin Industrial Area, is in the right interior, and figure 3 shows the situation in 1960.
Compared to 1960 the past nine years has seen part of the industry of the Keihin area become more dispersed. Some of this development is rapid, though wages are low. Assembly industries find to lie in the northwest along Route 17, or in the southwest along Route 1. In the northeast along Route 4, on the other hand, are light industries, which reflect industrial nature of this sector.

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The objective of this paper is to make a regional division of the Keihin industrial area by using the grid method. Several steps were adopted in the research procedure.
1) All establishment with more than 30 employees were listed according to the standard industrial classification.
2) Loacation of these establishment were plotted on maps.
3) Various density distribution maps were derived by the grid method.
The characteristics of each producing area were clarified by observing the following:
1) the density of distribution; 2) the regional polymerization of light, heavy and chemical, and machinery industries; and 3) the regional differences of industrial accumulation.
The research resulted in several conclusions. The Keihin industrial area may be divided into two parts; namely, the “core” area and the “surrounding” area. In the “surrounding” area, there is a dispersion of minor concentrated districts. The “core” area includes the main part of Tokyo, Yokohama, Kawasaki, and Kawaguchi. About 90% of the total establishment of this core area are concentrated in Tokyo. The “core” area may be further subdivided into four districts: Southern, Eastern, Northern, and Central. The Southern district covers the area from Tokyo Tower south to the part of Yokohama and includes 22% of the total number of establishments in the Keihin industrial area. It is one of the two largest concentration of industry in the “core” area and tends to be specialized in light industry. The Northern district developed after World War II and is characterized by the production of molds in Kawaguchi and cameras in Itabashi. The Central district includes the Tokyo C. B. D. and numerous printing and publishing business. Development characteristics of the minor districts in the “surrounding” area are determined by distance and direction from the “core” area.

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The cities of Sôka of Saitama Prefecture, and of Sagamihara of Kanagawa Prefecture, have been developed as industrial cities adjacent to the Keihin industrial area. The former lies in the northeastern part of Keihin, and the latter, in the southwestern.
The industrial development of both Sôka and Sagamihara shows strong ties to that of the central Keihin industrial area in that Sôka has become a satelite industrial city, and a center for miscellaneous light industries related to the Jôtô district; while Sagamihara has grown into an assembly point for mechanical commodities related to the Jônan district.

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This paper examines telephone communication in Akita prefecture as an indication of general advancement and changes in the form and function of social patterns.
The general theory of telephone communication postulates that the number of telephone calls is the inverse square of the distance between two places and directly proportional to the multiplier of the number of telephones in each place. This phenomenon is found to be true in Akita Prefecture.
A number of telephone spheres are identified and the relational patterns between spheres is shown. Distinct strata are found to distinguish cities, market towns, and mountain villages. A complicated relationship is found in Yokote Basin where proximity between populated areas intensifies telephone exchanges.

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The Izu Islands comprise nine inhabited islands ranging from Izuôshima to Aogashima. Geologically volcanic with the sea-eroded bluffs generally unfavorable for port facilities, each of these islands has long remained a typical specimen of isolated existence. With the recent consolidation of airport and port facilities, however, the features of these islands have been rapidly undergoing substantial changes, supported by their advantage of location not far distant from the metropolitan province.
Regional transformation incidental to the change in traffic conditions is conceived to appear most conspicuously in hitherto forlorn isolated islands. On such islands, even without quantitative analysis, it is certainly of deep interest to trace how, as a way of changing the self-supporting nature of the traditional economy, specific production and tourist industries have been introduced and developed in harmony with their old industries. The present study was designed to scrutinize the changes, mainly in its industrial structure, of an isolated island with the peculiarity of a regionally segregated existence. For this purpose, out of the nine islands, Kôzushima Isle, which is regarded as typical of the modernizing Izu islands with its improved port facilities and markedly developed tourist industry was examined, and an analysis was attempted of this isle's industrial structure and its changes, with on-the-spot surveys conducted to integrate a series of investigations.
1) Formerly, the industrial structure of Keszushima Isle was composed mainly of conventional marine products industry, boat-fishing by men and seaweed gathering by women, complemented by small-scale livestock raising and sweet potato cultivation, and also by the government's unemployment relief public works. This minor-scale industrial makeup, essentially on a self-supporting basis, has undergone a drastic change, with the features specifically showing a decreasing weight of dependence on marine products, fish and sea-weed, and compensated for by an increasing weight of sugar pea cultivation, specialized on a commerical basis, and a rapidly extended sight-seeing business.
In these radical changes in the industrial structure, which forced female employment to be widely reshuffled, the transition is considered to have been made with an appropriate labor allocation between men and women accompanied by a definitve pattern of specialization. It is certainly worthy of note that in this isolated island, with a narrow and weak economic base, all units of industry exist with close interrelations, including those in seasonally fluctuating work fields.
2) It has been generally believed that the segregated existence of an isolated island is attributable to its inferiority in transportation links. This preoccupation is now facing a doubt raised by the fact that the industrial structure alteration appeared in Kôzushima Isle prior to the actual improvement of transportation conditions. Improvement in transportation is important in the industrial structure and people's life on an isolated island, but is it always an indispensable factor? It seems more adequate to think that the requirements from outside the island, which have become strong enough to overcome the poor transportation conditions, have brought great pressure to bear on the isolated island in changing its narrow and feeble economy.

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In the Kakuda Bain, lying in the southeastern part of Miyagi Prefecture, many mulberry trees are planted for sericulture. These trees frequently suffer frost damage in this basin during the late spring, although the degree of frost damage varies greatly from place to place. This paper is to analyse regional differences in frost damage according to variations in nocturnal air temperature and air cooling processes.
Strong nocturnal cooling takes place under clear and calm weather conditions (Figs. 5-11). The distribution of degree of frost damage and the distribution of minimum air temperature, however, are not always found to coincide (Table 2).
In the deeper part of the basin, the air temperature continuously declines from sunset to dawn and plants are severely damaged by this long duration of cold air. At the mouth of the Abukuma River, on the other hand, air temperature fluctuates widely, and low air temperature does not continue through the night. It is supposed that this fluctuation results in the lack of frost damage. The fluctuation appears to be the result of the alternative effects of two air masses, one of which is warm and originates from the Abukuma River, and the other, which is cold and forms in the deeper part of the basin (Figs. 12 and 13).

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In the Kakuda Basin, in the southern part of Miyagi prefecture, frost damages frequently occur in late spring. Air temperatures were measured on a cloudless, calm night in the Kakuda Basin by using a Thermister-Thermometer attached to a bar positioned on an observation vehicle.
Measurements recorded lower temperatures (3-4°C) in the basin than in the coastal area in the early morning. Temperatures were particularly low in the valleys on the western side of the Watari Hills to the east of the basin. This low temperature area gradually expands from midnight to early morning, at which time the low temperature zone appears along the base of the Watari Hills.
Along the Abukuma River, on the other hand, there is a warm zone where there is little change in temperature through the night. This zone seems to be influenced by the comparatively warm water of the river.
Temperature is the lowest at the southwestern foot of the Watari Hills and temperatures in this area were preserved in detail. Temperature changes slowly on calm night, but on windy night, temperatures rise suddenly with increases in wind speed. More frequent and smaller temperature fluctuations occur in the lower area of the valley compared with the upper area.

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Electrical resistivity surveys carried out in the Kuranami landslide district of the city of Nagano present a number of data which suggest buried valleys formed at the time of the Shinano-Echigo earthquake (magnitude: 7.4) in 1847. The surveys indicated the area of the buried valleys and the thickness of the overlying deposits.
This kind of topography seems particularly to be hidden around the Shigarami Formation which constitutes the cap rocks in this district. The frequent landslides occuring in the Kuranami district tend to have complicated movements but while the lower part of the burned valleys shows features of characteristically complicated move merits, the upper part features relatively simple movements.

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In order to undertstand aspects of houses in today's settlement it is important to be able to observe house types speedily and extensively. One method is to utilize the automobile. Using a pre-determined classification scheme, two observers may rapidly relay the data to a third person for recording. This method appears to be useful for a preliminary study.

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