The appearance-distribution of heavy rainfalls (above 50 mm per day) in the region of Pacific Ocean side of Tohoku district is analysed synoptic-climatologically. The main results obtained are as follows;
1) The heavy rainfalls in warm season tend to appear in the eastern (coastal) region of Tohoku district. This tendency is more obvious as the maximum amount in rainfall-area is larger.
2) The heavy rainfalls in the western and central regions are mianly due to the front, thunderstorm and northwesterly monsoon. On the other hand, those in the eastern (coastal) region are mainly due to the typhoons and subtropical cyclones. Regarding the latter, almost every case (80-90%) having the maximum rainfall-amount more than 100 mm per day is due to the typhoon or subtropical cyclone.
3) The larger the daily mean sea-level pressure difference (Δp) between Nemuro and Choshi, the more frequently thd heavy rainfalls (above 100 mm per day) appear in the eastern region.
4) The fact mentioned in 2) is more obvious in the eastern (coastal) region when positive Δp is larger, and in the western and central regions when negative Δp is larger.
5) The annual variation of frequency of heavy rainfalls in an area with the size of a prefecture corresponds to that of precipitable water. This relation, however, is not obvious in smaller regions covering a half or one third of a prefecture, because the heavy rainfall areas are dislocated according to synoptic condition specially in summer and in winter.

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Tohoku district is endowed with abundant forest resources and there are many woodwork factories distributed around the famous forest areas. But recently timber in the forests of Tohoku is decreasing owing to the excessive use of timber, and some woodwork manufacturers were compelled to use imported timber.
And some woodwork factories moved to the areas near the ports through which timber is imported. Such woodwork factories of the new type are pubsidized by the government financially and encouraged to stay in one area in order to increase efficeincy. And some woodwork factories moved to the areas near the ports through which timber is imported. Such woodwork factories of the new type are pubsidized by the government financially and encouraged to stay in one area in order to increase efficeincy.
In Tohoku, five woodwork manufacturing areas are located near the timber importing ports, such as Aomori, Ofunato, Ishinomaki, Akita and Sakata, and the manufacturers are using only imported timbers.
But in Koriyama which is located inland, they are using some timbers available from their nearby forests.

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Since 1955 the population of Tsugaru District started to decrease remarkably. This phenomenon seems to be related to the rapid urbanization which is taking place on a national scale. The population decrease first appeared on the outskirts of Tsugaru District, and then spread all over the district. While, two cities of Aomori and Hirosaki, which are the central cities of this area, have increased their populations.
The decrease was seen at first in towns and villages under 20, 000 inhabitants, then it involved more populated towns and villages, up until a city of 47, 600 inhabitants in 1960-1965 period. However, the populations increased in the densely inhabited districts (DID) of the two cities, Goshogawara and Kuroishi as well as Aomori and Hirosaki.
The population decrease in large areas affects the commercial activities of towns and cities. Small towns and cities in agricultural district decline concerning their commerical activities. Some of their commercial activities were absorbed by four central cities hierarchically ranked above them.
This is because the mortorization in agricultural areas made such a rapid and strong development that farmers can easily buy things from shops in cities farther than the cities in their surroundings. So that some shops at central cities are compelled to enlarge their management scale. And then according to such enlargement, the competition for their commercial spheres have occured among these cities.

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The projects of farm improvement in Kitakami Mountains have made remarkable progress in recent years. In this paper, the author tries to analyze the character and meaning of the farm improvement in the upper reaches of Satetsu, to the southwest of Kitakami Mountains. The results are summarized as follows.
(1) On account of increased productivity with the advance of farm improvement, rice which formerly has been produced for the self-sufficiency became one of the important articles of commerce among the agricultural products.
(2) Such a remarkable development of rice production not only raises its position in the agricultural management, but also powerfully influences the way of dry-field farming. Nowadays, the combination of rice with one of the products of dry-field farming represents commercial crops in the agricultural management in this region.
(3) However, the author considers that the physical conditions of the basin in mountain land gives a limitation to the advance of farm improvement and preserves the traditional complex system of agricultural management which was consisted of the paddy-field farming and the dry-field farming.

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1. In this paper the author mainly discusses the movements of population and materials which give a pressure to the traffic system and change it somewhat.
2. The movements of population and materials-whether they are transferred within the city or between other axeas-give some pressure to whole roads in the city, particularly to those in the city center. Though more inhabitants tend to live in suburbs and the whole roads in the city become to be paved, such will not solve the problem of traffic congestion and the stagnation of the circulation of materials.
3. The improvement of raods in the central part is not simply a matter of technology, but is closely connected with a policy, which has so much to do with the rights of people. In this respect, to persuade the people by all means is required and, therefore, the detailed scientific analysis of the city should be performed as a base for persuasion. The term “synthetic traffic policy” has often been advertised lately but this policy is never realized and will not bear fruits unless the city itself is analyzed and investigated substantially. The traffic problem observed in Kitakyushu city is still less severe than that of Tokyo or Osaka, but is approaching to their conditions.

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Several samples of the land-slide areas in the Shikoku Island show the significance of the groundwater as a morphogenesis. The role of groundwater. however, is thought to be universal on the geomorphic processes of other kind of landforms.
The author proposes a tentative principle to be applied to studies in such a field of study:
(1) Action of groundwater on the material which consitutute the present land-form rules the present morphogenesis.
(2) The action of groundwater at the present time is controlled by the nature of the terrain inherrited from the previous time of landform development.
The author stresses that the groundwater is a morphogenesis us less than the surface water, though the latter is sometimes assumed to be the chief agency for the fluviatile process.

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An active folding in the vicinity of Amarume city, Yamagata pref. is indicated by the followings: -
1) The two-dimensional pattern of the river bed of the Mogami and the Fujishima.
2) Meandering of the former river bed of the Mogami.
3. The results of levelling showing the seismic changes before and after the Niigata earthquake in 1964.
4) The landform of the southern area of Shonai plain given by the 10 m and 15 m contour-lines.
5) The existence of the anticlinal structure of the Neogene series buried under the alluvium.

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The purpose of this paper is to calrify whether the “Sea breeze” at Ichihara, Chiba Pref., is from Tokyo Bay or Pacific Ocean. In the table showing the relation between humidity ranges and wind-direction frequencies, the frequency of SSW is the largest at comparatively high humidities. It shows that the southerly wind is “Sea breeze” in this district.

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From the survey along the national highway, Route 48 (Fig. 1) from the Pacific Coast to the Yamagata Basin, following two patterns of snowfall distribution are obtained (Fig. 2) ; 1) On the day after the strong winter monsoon (6th. Mar. 1970), there was a sharp peak in the snowfall distribution around the ridge of the Backbone Range, and the snow decreased rapidly towards the east; 2) On the day with deep snow in the Pacific coastal area (26th. Feb 1970), thera was not so large difference of snow depth among the survey route, and the deepest snow was seen on the eastern foot of the Backbone Range.

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Distribution of factories in Sendai in 1938 is shown in the map. Most factories are scattered in the built-up area, and distinct industrial areas did not appear yet. On the southern fringe of urban area, the start of industrial areas of the present time is already-seen as the result of constructions of a number of plants of metal industry and machinery.

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