The purpose of the present study is to exemplify a hypothesis that the in- and out-migration of urban centers is function of the geographic-field, the latter of which is function of both population potentials and urban population within the given group of urban centers. As to the in- and out-migration of urban centers, the variables cover twelve criteria, i. e. gross in- and out-migrants, their respective rates per 1000 population, and growth rates of those migrants for every year from 1970 through 1976 for the nineteen cities, while the variables of both ordinary- and gravity-types of population potentials and urban population for ten coefficients of distance friction from 0.5 to 5.0 with intervals of 0.5, by years and by cities, as to the geographic-field.
The correlation analyses, Pearson's, partial and multiple correlation analyses, show high correlated relationships between the variables of migration and those of the geographic-field as defined above. And, the high correlation (0.9435-0.9991) between these two groups of variables, criteria variables and predictor variables, is also shown by canonical correlation analyses based on their principal components. Moreover, spatial correspondence is found remarkably good between the geographic-field and the in- and out-migration of urban centers, which should imply that spatial order exists within the pattern of that migration, because the geographic-field defined reveals orderly spatial pattern.In that case, the geographic-field operationally defined above accounts for 89.0 to 99.8 per cent of the total variance of the migration.
Thus, it is considered that the proposed hypothesis has added an exemplification to itself.

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The writer investigated in this paper the basic pattern of residential movement in Keihanshin Metropolitan Area by breaking up the social increase rate from 1969 to 1970 for each of its 140 administrative areas into following six components:
(a) New-comers rate k: % of within-movers plus in-movers from the other administrative areas in Keihanshin Metropolitan Area.
(b) Leavers rate k: % of within-movers plus out-movers to the other administrative areas in Keihanshin Metropolitan Area.
(c) New-comers rate t: % of in-movers from the other metropolitan areas.
(d) Leavers rate t: % of out-movers to the other metropolitan areas.
(e) New-comers rate n: % of in-movers from non-metropolitan areas.
(f) Leavers rate n: % of out-movers to non-metropolitan areas.
(a) and (b) are mainly composed of people who wish to improve their living conditions, while most of (c) and (d) are white-collar workers who do not change their company, but only place of work (Tenkinsha) and most of (e) and (f) are non-white-collar workers of miscellaneous jobs and students.
Main results obtained are as follows:
(1) Not only the white-collar, but also the non-white-collar in-movers from outside into Keihanshin Metropolitan Area usually do not come into a zone adjacent to three central cities' CBDs, but into zones 20 or more km apart from them. However, sectors and landforms of residential areas for these two groups are different (Fig. 2).
(2) Movers from zones adjacent to the CBDs toward metropolitan peripheries mainly consist of younger couples, while their parents will rather stay at familiar neighborhood in old, congested quarters (Fig. 3).

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The extent of land use in the upper basin of River Totsukawa, Nara prefecture, has been considerably conditioned by the great flood in 1889. So, this paper tries to trace the damage of land use in 1889 and to discuss the factors of it by the analysis of this disaster's reports published in 1891, some topography maps and land registered maps of each hamlet.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The damage of land use was concentrated to the areas along the river, especially northern part of this basin.
2) The damage of it was mainly by the great flood caused by many large dams which were arised from many landslides occured around these areas, under a sudden copious rainfall.
3) The distribution of landslide shows that it was mainly depended upon the geological conditions. But, behind it, excessive use of production of forest land which were used for the fertilizer of increased paddy fields to pay new land taxation had advanced all over this area, where many paddy fields had been exploiting.
4) The height of the flood got to 55 meters in this area. So many paddy and ordinary fields, houses, roads and forest which were located on the river terrace and slopes along river were carried away. Thus, the level of river bed was raised near the height of flood. The type of damage of land use in each hamlet was due to the degree of influence of this flood.
5) A rise of river bed and landslide reduced the extent of the former land use. Thereafter reclamation had developed, but it was impossible to restore the former extent of land use.

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The author examined the distribution of skyscrapers (over six stories) in Sendai, a regional metropolis in which high-rise construction has proceeded rapidly in recent years. He also analysed the three-dimensional differentiation of urban functions associated with these skyscrapers, using the Weaver's Method as adapted by Kikukazu Doi (Doi, 1970). The analysis of functions was based upon the uses made of the various floors of skyscrapers located within the cells of a grid, unit of each cell being 250 meter.
The results of the study are as follows:
1) In the late 1950's various banks were relocated from the Kokuncho District, the traditional business center, to a new business center on Aobadori Avenue. This relocation was associated with construction of skyscraper office buildings in the latter area. Construction of skyscrapers in the vicinity of Aobadori Avenue continued at a slow but steady pace during the 1960's and in the 1970's not only did the pace of construction pick up substantially, but also the area containing skyscrapers expanded outward along the main roads (Fig. 2).
2) The city was divided into core area (30% or more of the peak land value) and outer zone (less than 30% of the peak land value). Skyscrapers except for multistoried apartment houses in core area contain many urban functions, and there is a sharp vertical differentiation between the lower, middle and upper floors.
The lower floors are dominated by conbinations of functions such as R₁ (retail), R₂ (amusement), F (financial), O (business) and S₁ (personal services) with R₁, R₂ and F being especially dominant on the ground floor. Space on the middle floors is taken up mainly by O, S₁ and R₂, and on the upper floors O is the dominant function. The ground floor of skyscapers except for multistoried apartment houses in outer zone is dominated by P (parking), O, R₂ and S₁, with the middle and upper floors being occupied by O and S₁. The basement floors are dominated by R₂ and P (Fig. 5 and Table 3).
It was also found that the number of functions included within a particular combination decreased both vertically outward from core area through outer zone.
3) Functions which depend upon easy pedestrian access, such as R₁, R₂ and F, are located on the lower floors, whereas O tends to occupy the upper floors. Thus pedestrian access appears to be a key factor in explaining the vertical differentiation of urban functions.

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The study of factorial ecology aims to examine the social area differentiation of a big urban society by means of factor analytic mothod. This paper reports a test of the factorial ecology of Tokyo Special District.
In consequence, six significant factors are extracted from the 47 variables ×124 grid cell data matrix. In those six factors, the two highest rank factors are the “social rank factor”, suggestive of the contrast between Yamanote and Shitamachi in social rank, and the “urbanization factor” that shows the contrast between the suburban inhabitants and the center city inhabitants. Those two factors have strong influence on the social area differentiation of Tokyo S. D..
In addition, four lower rank factor suggestive of permanent or non-permanent residents, commuters' traffic facilities, employed or non-employed inhabitants and the slum-like inhabitants complicate the social area differentiation.
The comparison between these results and Morikawa's study about Fukuoka and Hiroshima in 1974 is next problem. This comparison shows that, as to factor structure, factor score distribution, and factor contribution, Tokyo S. D. conforms more suitable to Sevky & Bell's hypothesis about social area differentiation than those two cities. And this suggests that Tokyo S. D. is more matured urban society than Hiroshima or Fukuoka. Moreover this suitability bases upon a much higher contribution of “social rank factor” in Tokyo S. D., and this high contribution relates to the topographic contrast between Yamanote and Shitamachi.

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