The study on the altitudinal distribution of muscid and calliphorid flies was firstly carried out in the Doi Indhanondh mountain in March 1976. Twenty-eight species of muscid and calliphorid flies, belonging to 10 genera, were collected in this study. The calliphorid flies were classified into 7 genera and 19 species (2,442 individuals) and the muscid flies were classified into 3 genera and 9 species (1,061 individuals). The data and figures are shown in this paper.

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The resistant level of the houseflies to six kinds of insecticides, DDT, Resmethrin, DDVP, Baytex, Sumithion and Diazinon, was examined on the seven strains collected in Malaysia. It was found that their susceptibility is rather higher than that of the Takatsuki strain which is a standard strain in Japan. However, their susceptibility to Sumithion was the same or slightly lower than that of the Takatsuki strain. The resistant level to five of six kinds of insecticides was the highest in the strain of Cameron Highland. The values were close to Singh s data in 1973, and this means that the resistance of the houseflies to the insecticides is increasing in Malaysia.

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Supravital excitability to electrical stimuli (for convenience, supravital electrocontractility (S.Ec)) of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs was examined after “somatic death” and the time during which S.Ec could be detected (S.Ec duration) was measured. S.Ec of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats and bullfrogs depended on temperature. The maximum S.Ec duration of the muscle of rats and bullfrogs were 110 min and 96 hr, respectively, at a low temperature (5°), and 60 min and 9 hr, respectively, at a high temperature (30°). The time course of rigor mortis at 5° was slow and it was rapid at 30°. In rats, the S.Ec disappeared completely before the onset of rigor mortis, and in bullfrogs, S.Ec existed at progressive stages of rigor mortis and it disappeared completely when rigor mortis reached about the maximum.

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Numerical determination of the teeth of two species of Japanese shrew-moles, Urotrichus talpoides and Dymecodon pilirostris (Talpidae, Insectivora), was based on the position of the premaxillo-maxillary suture, comparison of the dentitions of the two species with those of their relatives and the supernumerary tooth. The premaxillo-maxillary suture is situated between the fifth and sixth tooth anterior to the M1, and the fifth tooth anterior to the M1 was determined to be C both in the two species. The supernumerary tooth which appears in the gap between the third and fourth tooth anterior to the M1 of the lower jaw of Urotrichus talpoides was considered as a relic of pdl which seems to have been lost relatively recently in the evolution of this species. It was also shown that the first premolar of the upper jaw of the Urotrichus talpoides and the first premolars of the Dymecodon pilirostris are dihyodont. Retention of the dihyodont. first premolars in these species seems to be a prim itive character and is significant in determining the phylogenetical positions of these species.

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A method to apply anodal electrotonus during the cavity preparation in labiocervical cavities was presented. The amount of the electrotonus through a separate different electrode was deter min ed to the maximum allowable current which ranged between 0.1 and 1.5 mA. In 35 teeth from 22 patients, analgesia, starting from the introduction of anodal tonus to the end of the cavity preparation, was observed in 22 (63%) teeth.

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Caseinolytic activity was found to exist in Mycoplasma salivarium, M. orale l, W. orale 2, M. orale 3, M. hominis, M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae, and T-mycoplasma (Ureaplasma urealyticum).

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As an aqueous chemical dosimeter for measuring ionizing radiation, the chemical 4,4’ (5-chloro-2-thenilidene) bis [N,N-dimethylaniline], a derivative of the leuco triarylmethane compounds, was used. This chemical dosimeter is an aqueous solution composed of 10-4 M lenco compounds, 10-4 M ferrous ammonium sulfate, 10-4 M sodium chloride and 7×10-3 M of hydrochloric acid. This solution is colourless but it becomes blue-green or bright blue after irradiation. The optical denisty of this solution at the main absorption peak of 635 mµ increases linearly with the increasing x-ray dose of from 50 R to 2,000 R and no dose-rate dependency is found from 13.5 R/ min to 270 R/ min of 60Co γ-ray. 896 gram rads was the measured value of the integral absorbed dose per exposure in panoramic tomography (Orthopantomograph type OP-2)

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Localization of cells possessing immunological cell surface markers in the human lymphoid tissues including the thymus, lymph node and spleen was analysed by the rosette forming assay on the frozen tissue sections. E receptor-bearing cells were detected by the adherence of neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (EN). ENadhered to the thymocytes in the medullary and cortical area of the thymus, the paracortex of the lymph node and the splenic periarteriolar lymphatic sheath of the spleen. Complement receptor-bearing cells were identified by the adherence of ox erythrocytes sensitized with the rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte IgM fraction and human complement (IgMEACh). IgMEACh adhered to the lymphoid follicle of the lymph node and splenic white pulp. The IgG Fc receptor-bearing cells were identified by the adherence of ox erythrocytes sensitized with the rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte IgG fraction (IgGEA). IgGEA adhered to the lymph sinus of the lymph node and splenic red pulp. From these results, it is considered that the T lymphocytes on the frozen tissue section of the human lymphoid tissues are detectable by the adherence of EN, In this rosette-forming assay on the frozen tissue sections, most of the IgMEACh adhered to the B lymphocytes and the IgGEA adhered to mainly the histiocytes or macrophages. Abbreviations used in this paper: E, sheep erythrocytes; E N, neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes; IgMEACh, ox erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte 19S (IgM) fraction and human complement; IgGEA, ox erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte 7S (IgG) fraction; IgMEA, ox erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit anti-ox erythrocyte l9S (lgM) fraction; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2; GVB++, gelatin Veronal (barbital sodium) buffer with 0.15 mM CaCl2 and 0.5 mM MgCl2; FCS, fetal calf serum.

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Salivary protein involvement in the formation of acquired enamel pellicle, so far, has been discussed in terms of hydroxyapatite (HA)-reactive salivary proteins only from the parotid gland. This study was undertaken to seek this type of protein in the human whole (mixed) saliva and to investigate its normal and pathological variations. Several kinds of hydroxyapatite, either biogenous or synthesized by solid phase reaction, were used as a powder (250 mesh). HA was incubated with concentrated whole saliva at 25° for 30 min. After centrifugation and filtration, salivary proteins were analysed on a Multiphor isoelectrofocusing gel electrophoresis. The control salivary proteins were separated into three major groups; acidic (A1-A8), neutral neutral (N1-N4), and basic (B1-B3) isoelectric point (pI). In the HA incubated sample, one of the major neutral bands (N1) preferentially disappeared at about pI 7.5. This N1 band was missing or scarce in the parotid saliva and had an amino acid composition rich in glycine, lysine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and histidine. This protein was considered to be one of the major HA-reactive proteins in human whole saliva.

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