In 1963, hay fever due to Japanese cedar pollen was found at first by the authors in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture where there is a great number of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don). Then this hay fever is named “Japanese cedar pollinosis”. The authors present the clinical findings in a group of 28 patients with this hay fever. Japanese cedar is the most commonly afforested conifer which lives only in Japan. In Nikko, the pollination of Japanese cedar begins in early March, and reaches a peak in early April. Its pollination in Tokyo is from February to March. This hay fever usually begins in the second and third decades and the sexes are almost equally affected. Heredity and infection are the most important predisposing factors. Symptoms are correspond with Japanese cedar pollen seasons. Intradermal test with Japanese cedar pollen extract is positive in 89.3 per cent of the total of 28 cases. Nasal and conjunctival tests are positive in 100 per cent and 89.3 per cent of the total of 28 cases respectively. Prausnitz-Küstner’s reactions which were carried out in five cases were positive. During the pollen seasons, all cases show eosinophilia in nasal mucus. The nasal mucosa shows swelled ciliated epithelium and abundant goblet cells. Edema and eosinophil infiltration in submucosal layer is characteristic. Vascular dilatation is remarkable. The upper respiratory infection is a very common complication. The complicated asthma is seen in only one case. The treatments consist of the conservative symptomatic one, hyposensitization and topical one for the complicated upper respiratory infections, especially, epipharyngitis. It is the authors’ opinion that both diagnostic skin tests and a careful collection of clinical data can help in making the diagnosis of this hay fever.

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Smear taken from the nasal side of the epipharynx wall in patients with epipharyngitis were stained, by Papanicoloau’s method, microscopically examined and the following result were obtained. 1. Acute epipharyngitis: in this group, swelling of cells and irregular arrangement of cells are remarkable. 2. Chronic epipharyngitis (without purulent nasal discharge): in this group, cells seem to be normal in shape but they are larger in size. 3. Chronic epipharyngitis (with purulent nasal discharge): cells and their nuclei are sweller and the outline of cells are not distinct (mucinous change is prominent).

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For the purpose of clarifying the relationship between heat resistant Clostridium perfringens (welchii) in healthy peoples and the food poisoning due to this organism, the examination were carried out with healthy peoples living in Tokyo. 1. The mean value for carrier rate of heat-resistant Cl. perfringens in preschool children, primary school children and the adults was 14.7 per cent. There was no significant difference according to age, and at the same age level the carrier rate differed according to the group. 2. Seventy one (43.6%) of 163 strains of heat-resistant Cl. perfringens isolated from healthy people could be typed with Hobbs' typing sera. 3. The number of carrier in group might vary as much as 100% in a population (childrens and adults) living in the same environment, but no one strain predominated and no individual carried the same strain continuously. 4. The same type strains were isolated from a high percentage of patients with heat-resistant Cl. perfringens food poisoning, both in heated and unheated faecal specimens. But in healthy people, there was no relation in serological type between strains isolated directly and those isolated after boiling for 60 min. 5. Only a small percentage of strains isolated directly from healthy people were heat resistant, but over 50% of strains isolated directly from patients with food poisoning due to heat-resistant Cl. perfringens were heat resistant. In samples boiled for 60 min., on the other hand over the 80% of the strains isolated from both groups were heat resistant and there was no difference between the two. 6. The carrier rate of heat-resistant Cl. perfringens in patients with Dysentery and with Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning were in the range of 5.7-29.7%. This carrier rate did not differ from that of healthy people. In particular, in cases of mass outbreak of food poisoning, no one serological strains of Cl. perfringens predominated.

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In the study on the homotransplantation of the skin, parabiotic union is frequently used. In the present work, parabiosis was carried out between the uniform strain of Wistar rats and uniform strain of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the cytotoxic antibodies were examined. First, the skin of the Sprague Dawley rat was transplanted to the Wistar rats and the antibodies were measured by Terasaki’s improved microdroplet assay method for cytotoxin before the transplantation and also on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th day after the second transplantation. The cytotoxic antibodies were not found before the transplantation but were observed with the course of time and also after the second transplantation. The mechanism of the rejection of the transplant is still not clear, but the appearance of cytotoxic antibodies has been confirmed and is now regarded as important. Therefore, an anti-rat-lymphocyte rabbit serum was prepared and an attempt was made to prolong the graft viability in parabiosis.

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As there are only a few reports on energy metabolism during delivery, in spite of the many reports on metabolism during pregnancy and the puerperal period, the author attempted to fill this blank with expired gas analysis in parturient women. Eighty two expired gas samples from 22 parturient women were gathered by the "Douglas bag" method and analyzed by means of a "Breath Analyzer". The energy consumption at each stage of delivery was calculated and the following results were obtained: 1) For all types of delivery, calorie consumption during the second stage was largest, consumption during the third stage was next largest and then that of the first stage. The smallest consumption was seen at the last stage. Calorie consumption by body surface area and oxygen consumption by body weight showed the same tendency; that is, the largest values were seen at the second stage, and the smallest at the last stage. The respiratory quotient (R.Q.), however, was largest for the first stage, with the third stage next and the smallest value for the last stage. 2) Comparing normal and abnormal delivery, calories and oxygen consumption for abnormal delivery were larger than the values for normal delivery during the first stage. Presumably abnormal delivery showed a greater energy consumption during the first stage because of the lack of assistance by an obstetrician. During the second stage, contrary to expectation, no appreciable difference was noted between the two types of delivery probably because of obstetrical help. The difference of these values during the third and last stages was not significant. R. Q, values for abnormal delivery were all larger than those for normal delivery at a given stage. 3) Comparing primipara and multipara, both with normal delivery, calories, oxygen consumption and the R. Q. of multipara were larger than those of primipara during the first, third and last stages. The difference of those values between primipara and multipara during the second stage was not significant. At each stage except the second stage in multipara, energy consumption was greater than in primipara, so it would seem that total energy consumption through delivery for multipara should exceed that for primipara. However since the duration of the delivery in multipara is only about half of that in primipara, the total energy consumption for delivery in multipara is normally less than that in primipara.

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An assembled type original model was devised for the fine-line-reproducibility test of impressions. It consisted of a brass base and six stainless steel blocks assembled on it. Lines of exactly desired widths could be readily made by cutting one line on each of the blocks separately by using a scratch hardness tester with varying load. Six blocks of any series of different line widths could be assembled depending on the purpose of test. With this equipment, the limit of fine line reproducibility of an impression material on stone models can be readily determined.

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The gingival tissue fluid was collected from 80 clinically healthy gingival sulci of out-patients. The fluid flow was measured by weighing and determining the amount of ninhydrin positive substance in each sulcus. In 44 clinically healthy cases, the step progress was studied before and after the insertion of prosthetic appliance. Moreover, 20 cases with ill fitting crowns were selected and the exudate from such cases was compared with the result obtained in clinically healthy cases. As the result, the crevicular tissue fluid flow was found in every cases and a significant correlation between the fluid weight and the amount of ninhydrin positive substance existed in these cases. This correlation in the gingival fluid was also established in cases after giving prosthetic appliances. The influence of prosthetic appliances upon the crevicular tissue fluid was observed as the increasing of the fluid weight and the amount of ninhydrin positive substance, in post crown cases and in ill fitting crown cases. However, the change of gingival fluid in the early stage after the insertion of prosthetic appliances could be found in neither the fluid weight nor the amount of ninhydrin positive substance, because of relatively wider range of variation, and it could be observed as a significant difference of correlation coefficient between the fluid weight and the amount of ninhydrin positive substance, among the clinically healthy gingivae, cases at 7-10 days after insertion, cases at 30 days after insertion and cases with poorly fitted crowns.

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In this study, the crevicular tissue fluid from the gingival sulcus was studied on the weight and the amount of ninhydrin positive substance especially on their change occuring in the earlier stage (1 day, 2 days and 3 days after the insertion) and later stage (3-5 days, 7-10 days, 30 days, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the insertion) after the insertion of prosthetic appliances. Twenty-eight teeth surrounded with clinically healthy gingivae were selected and were provided with various kinds of prosthetic appliances (10 post crowns and 6 clasps in the early stage observation group, and 3 post crowns, 3 cast crowns, 3 wire clasps and 3 cast clasps in the later stage observation group). Consequently, it was found that there were two kinds of the influence of prosthetic appliances on the crevicular tissue fluid. One occurs momentarily in the early stage after the insertion and soon disappears within 3-5 days, when prosthetic procedures are properly applied. The other occurs in the later stage after the insertion and may develop to any chronic ill condition of gingivae. The influence in the early stage includes these two types; the increasing and decreasing of the amount of ninhydrin positive substance. The increasing was observed in cases with finely fitted artificial resin post crowns and might be caused by the stress of insertion or the quick change of the contact relation between the crevicular epithelium and the surface of an artificial clinical crown. On the other hand, the decreasing was observed in cases with clasps and might be due to the defence mechanism of crevicular tissue. The influence in the later stage was found in cases with finely fitted resin facing post crowns, and was assumed to be effected by the resin used and by the subsequent deposit to it.

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Epithelial attachment to the tooth was examined by electron microscopy. The specimens were obtained from the teeth which appeared clinically free of periodontal disease. Demineralized and undemineralized specimens were used and examined in a usual way. Between the enamel and epithelial cells, there were three layers of electron-dense structure. The Type I was approximately 0.5 micron in width. The Type II which was suggested to be primary enamel cuticle was about 0.1-0.2 micron wide. The Type III was supposed to be the enamel matrix, some parts of which extruded into the enamel as enamel lamellae. Only the Type I layer was observed between cementum and epithelial cells continuously as far as these were found, but without the portion of epithelium it was disappeared. Therefore, the intimate relationship between the Type I layer and the epithelium was strongly suggested, but further details about the Type I layer remained unknown. Between the Type I layer and the epithelial cells, there was a clear zone, connected with half-desmosomes, and in undecalcified specimens there existed a clear line between the cementum surface and the Type I layer, while the boundary of them was obscured in decalcified specimens during decalcification process. In the area of the cementum surface, which was not covered with epithelium, no cuticular structure was seen, and collagen fibers were inserted directly into the cementum, forming its matrix.

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