A successfully treated case of annular pancreas causing duodenal obstruction in a premature infant is added to the growing number of cases reported in Japan. The 31 previously reported cases in Japan are reviewed. Retrocolic duodenojejunostomy is recommended as the best surgical procedure. However, because our case was a poor risk and in bad condition, antecolic gastrojejunostomy was performed.

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Pinealectomized rats seemed to become more sensitive to ultraviolet rays, as far as the grade of photosensitivity was measured through observations of erythematous change of the skin occurring after 90-120 minutes' irradiation. This result, increased ultraviolet sensitivity of rat due to pinealectomy, may be an important evidence suggesting the role of the pineal organ itself as a photoreceptor and/or a source of an agent regulating photosensitivity also in the mammals, which fact has long been postulated with considerable reasonability from the view points of comparative anatomy and endocrinology, but lacking a definite proof.

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Twenty five autopsy adrenals of the human newborns and infants were studied histochemically. 1) The activity of steroid 3β-ol dehydrogenase was demonstrated exclusively in the adult cortex of every adrenal. 2) The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, succinic clehyclrogenase, DPN- & TPN-cliaphorase, acid phosphatase, and nonspecific esterase were distributed throughout the adrenals examined and showed the various modes of distribution patterns, respectively. 3) The activity of alkaline phosphatase displayed the characteristic distribution and was localized at the capillary walls. 4) High activities of all kinds of the enzymes, except for steroid 3β-ol dehydrogenase, were proved to be present in the involution al cells of the fetal cortices. 5) Postnatal alteration of distributions of the various kinds of enzymes was mainly related to postnatal elapsed periods, rather than gestational age. 6) Possible functional activity of the fetal cortex in the neonatal period, zonal differentiation of the adult cortex, and diagnostic value of the enzyme histochemistry were briefly discussed.

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Morphological studies were made on the minute crescent-shaped organism, which has been called Spirillum sputigenum or Selenomonas sputigena. In the light microscopic observations with flagella staining or in the electron microscopic observations with shadow casted preparations, this organism seemed to be peritrichously flagellated. However, in the electron microscopic observations with negatively stained ghost cell, the origins of flagella were found to be localized on the middle two-third of concave side of the cell. These observations suggested that the organism should be named as Selenomonas sputigena. In the early stage of cell division of this organism, two daughter cells have been shown to have not only the same number of flagellum but almost the same length of it. The developing manner of flagellum in dividing state of this organism was different from the condition of Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas fluorescens as described by Bisset (1951). Selenomonas sputigena showed constantly semilunar or kidney form even in dividing state, and sigmoidal cell form was not observed in any cases.

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Using of Shimizu Morita’s medium, large anaerobic vibrios were isolated from dental scrapings. They formed large colonies up to 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter, which were circular, brownish and convex. Cell morphology was slightly sigmoidal form 3.0-5.0 microns in length and 0.4-0.5 microns in thickness. Long spiral forms were frequently observed in the broth cultures Gram negative and several granules were observed in the bodies by Giemsa staining. They were peritrichously flagellated under light microscope. Morphologically, the organisms seemed to be identical with Spirillum crassum (Veillon et Repaci, 1912), Fusobacterium plauti or Fusocillus plauti (Séguin, 1928, 1942), Spirillum buccale Fortner (Gins, 1934), Fusiformis dentium Hoelling (Kazeeff, 1939), Oral anaerobic vibrio (Shimizu and Morita, 1943) and Spirillum sputigenum (Rosebury et al., 1950, Macdonald, 1953 and Madlener, 1958). Electron microscopic study revealed that the flagella arose from middle four-fifth of the cell, lining up in a slightly spiral single file around the long axis of the cell. Both terminals of the cell lacked flagella. Isolated 12 strains were saccharolytic, and produced acid from glucose, galactose, laevulose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, dextrin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol and salicin. Inulin, xylose and glycerol were not fermented. They did not produce indol, H.S, urease, catalase and gas from glucose. Nitrate reduction and M.R. test were negative. All were non-hemolytic and failed to liquefy gelatin. They reduced methylen blue and neutral red. V.P. test was positive. Acid production, coagulation, reduction and peptonization were observed in litmus milk. Isolated 12 strains were biologically as well as serologically homogeneous. Anti-sera of these strains did not react with Selenomonas sputigena, which was reported previously. None of guinea pigs injected with living cells of these strains by ip route showed any signs of infection or toxicity during the 14 days observation period. Injected rabbits by iv route and injected mice by ip route died within 20 hours on account of dyspnea. The taxonomic position of this organisms is not clear. This organisms reported here should be distinguished from Selenomonas sputigena.

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A roentgenographic cephalometric study using 24 boys and 27 girls have carried out for about 10 years duration of longitudinal examination. For a craniofacial criterion, sella-gnathion length was selected as a representative dimension in the structures. The boys group showed relatively superior level in the amount of the annual increment covering the whole period of the study. Both the average circum-puberal growth peak of the body height and sella-gnathion length in boys were synchronized and each of them was found in between 12 and 13 years of age. On the other hand, in the girls group, the most of the cases indicate that the peaks of the sella-gnathion incremental maximum were synchronized or followed after the onset of the body height peak of the maximum. At conclusion, the annual increment rate of the body height may be able to apply as a prediction tool of the craniofacial growth changes especially in the girls group.

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