Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho
Online ISSN : 1883-0854
Print ISSN : 0030-6622
ISSN-L : 0030-6622
Volume 103, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Mikio Suzuki, Tornio Ogawa, Hiroya Kitano, Yoshiro Yazawa, Kazutomo Ki ...
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 879-884
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to confirm the crossed-innervation between auditory cortex and the ear that receives monosyllabic sound, the auditory cortical response to monaural monosyllabic stimulation as detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was investigated in six normal hearing subjects. Stimulus amplitude averaged 95 dBSPL at the distal end of the audio system. A series of 440 echo planar images was acquired during the acoustic stimulation within the four OFF-ON cycle paradigm. Five image series with 10 slices were collected within each OFF or On period. Each scanning session began with four baseline images before the OFF-ON paradigm. Monosyllabic sounds were presented monaurally duritng the ON period at a rate of one monosyllable/sec. Functional MRI data were analyzed with SPM99b software (Statistical Parametric Mapping).
    The background scanner noise averaged 97dBSPL. The selicon ear plug and headphone as acoustic shields attenuated the noise as much as 17dB. A broad and intense auditory cortical response was observed bilaterally in response to monaural monosyllable stimulation. Sound presentation to the right ear was followed by a larger response in the left auditory cortex than in the right, and left ear stimulation evoked a larger response in the right auditory cortex than in the left. This pattern was consistent in all subjects examined. The primary auditory cortex responded to monosyllabic words presented to the contralateral ear. The results confirmed the crossed-innervation between the auditory cortex and ear for listening to monosyllables. Functional MRI is a useful tool for investigating auditory cortex function, if the scanner noise is adequated controlled.
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  • Kaori Kayano, Haruko Suzuki, Hiroshi Nakano, Kou Hayashldo, Takayasu K ...
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 885-893
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: December 15, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ntus-ALGOR2e, an automated ABR screener (Natus Medical, Foster City, CA, USA), compares the V wave of ABR evoked by 35-dB-nHL click stimuli by using a template-matching detection algorithm that provides only a pass-refer outcome. The aim of this study was to compare Natus-ALGOR2e wkh conventional ABK, and to evaluate its usefulness.
    The Natus-ALGOR2e screener was used to screen 202 ears of 101 neonates in our neonatal intensive care unit.
    The mean conceptional age at the time of screenirg was 40.4±3.0 weeks.
    60 ears of 30 infants at high-risk of hearing impairment, including "refer" infants, were testyd by the Natus ALGOR2e and conventional ABR methods, and the results were comparcd.
    All neonates were tested with the Natus-ALGOR2e screener in a state of natural sleep, and screening time averaged 2 minutes 58 seconds. There were 97 cases in which both ears were passed. 3 cases in which both ears were referred. and one case in which one ear was referred.
    In comparisan with conventional ABR, 53 of the 60 ears of 30 high-risk infants passed by the Natus-ALGOR 2e method. whereas 14 of the 53 ears initially failed the conventional ABR screening.
    Of these 14 ears disagreements (the results of the Natus-ALGOR2e method passed. but the results of the conventional ABR failed), the results of the ABR screening changed to normal in 11 ears, and ABR showed improved threshold and latency in the other 3 ears after 5weeks to 12 months.
    Among those that passed the Natus-ALGO 2e screening. the number of sweeps that failed the ABR screen was significantly greater than with normal ABR.
    Of the 7 ears of 4 patients that were referred on the basis of the Natus-ALGOR2e screening and failed by the conventional ABR method. 3 ears screened by the ABR method were normal when retested. and one ear passed by the Natus-ALGOR2e screening 12 weeks to 11 months later.
    In conclusion, Natus-ALGOR2e is useful for screening infant hearing because it can be performed quickly while the patient is steeping naturally, In infants at high-risk for hearing impairment. the results of Natus-ALGOR2e and conventional ABR screening conflicted in numereus sweeps.
    Therefore. when there are many sweeps in high-risk infants, a retest should be performed that includes conventional ABR, even if they pawed with Natus ALGOR2e.
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  • Naoyuki Kohno, Satoshi Kitahara, Etuyo Tamura, Tetuya Tanabe, Manabu N ...
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 894-899
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In patients with locally unresectable head and neck cancer with large nodal involvement, the expected five-year survival is as low as 1-2%. To improve the prognosis of these patients, we studied the usefulness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in a phase 11 trial.
    Between September 1996 and May 1999, thirty-five patients with locally unresectable head and neck cancer were administered concurrent chemoradiotherapy consisting of low-dose and long-term treatment with cisplatin (CDDP) plus 5-fluorouracil (5FU), or (L-CF); the L-CF regimen consisted of CDDP, 3mg/m2 on 5 days of the week and 5FU, 150mg/m2 as a 24-hour infunsion on 5 days of the week. Concurrently, conventional radiotherapy was given up to total dose of around 60 Gy. In the 33 patients evaluable for response, 17 complete and 9 partial responses were noted, with an overall response rate of 79%. Oral mucostis and myelosuppression were the major side effects and mucositis was a dose limiting toxicity. This study demonstrates increase in survival among the responders (complete+partial) in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy setting. However 8 local relapses were eventually noted in the 17 complete responders.
    We concluded that this treatment strategy was beneficial in patients with locally unresectable head and neck cancer.
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  • Akiko Ishihara, Hideki Muraoka
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 900-904
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Surgical treatment for postoperative maxillary cysts (POMC) can be performed using the peroral method, or the endonasal method which is less invasive. Recently, the percentage of cases in which the endonasal method is employed has increased with the widespread use of endoscopy and advancement in imaging techniques. However, the peroral method is still necessary in some cases.
    During the 5-year period from July 1994 to June 1999, we operated on 29 patients (31 sides) for POMC. The endonasal method was used for 22 sides, and the peroral method was needed for the remaining 9 sides.
    Following analysis of the CT scans and MR images, we concluded that it is difficult to employ the endonasal method in the following cases;
    1) Cysts located in the lateral or anteroinferior portion of the maxillary sinus
    2) Small cysts
    3) Cysts with a bony wall.
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  • A High Speed Digital Imaging Study
    Jun Yamanaka
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 905-915
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Simultaneous recordings of EGG, PGG and high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) of vocal fold vibration were made in 3 normal male subjects and the results were compared to evaluate the usefulness of EGG and PGG for the analysis of the vibratory pattern. Each subject was required to produce sounds of 3 different pitches at 3 different intensity levels in the recording sessions and the 27 sets of data samples were collected. For each data set, the glottal area waveform (GAW), glottal width waveform (GWW). EGG, differentiated EGG, PGG, differentiated PGG, and voice waveform were displayed in a graphic form on the same time axis and their patterns were compared. Based on the analysis of GAW and GWW, it was found that there were variations in the pattern of closing and opening of the vocal fold margin corresponding to the differences in the type of phonation, The EGG waveform appeared to correspond well to that of the movement of the vocal fold margin in the closing phase, while the correspondency was less apparent in the opening phase. It is considered that the EGG waveform is dependent on the mode of contact between the two vocal folds and that a careful observation of the EGG is useful and practical for predicting the pattern of vocal fold vibration. On the ether hand, it was difficult to determine the onset of the closing and opening phases only from PGG waveform and there was a timing difference between the PGG and GAW. Although PGG seemed to be useful for judging the presence or absence of the opening phase and for the pitch measurement, it is considered to be unsuitable for a precise cycle by cycle analysis of the pattern of vocal fold vibration.
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  • Yasuyuki Nomura, Yoshiharu Watanabe, Makoto Igarashi, Masamichi Sudoh, ...
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 916-921
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To investigate the dynamics of otolith and oculomotor function, we subjected volunteers to a lateral body tilt for a period of two hours and analyzed ocular counter-rolling. Six healthy adult volunteers were roll-tilted along the naso-occipital axis at a speed of 0°/sec. from the 0° earth vertical position to the 90° lateral tilt position.
    After two hours, the volunteers were returned to the 0° earth vertical position.
    Ocular counter-rolling was recorded using an infrared CCD camera. The video recordings were made in the dark while the volunteers had their eyes open. Recordings were obtained (1) as the volunteers was moved from the 0° earth vertical position to the 90° lateral position, (2) 5 minutes after reaching the lateral position, (3) during the roll-back from the 90° lateral position to the 0° upright position, two hours after the lateral tilt loading, and (4) 5
    momites after reaching the final upright position.
    The occurrence of ocular counter-rolling between the 0° upright position and the 30° tilt position was confirmed during both roll mavements from 0° to 90° and from 90° to 0°. The counter-rolling was most noticeable between the 0° and the 30° positions. No differences in ocular cournter-rolling during the roll-tilt and the roll-back situations were observed, These results indicate that the two-hour lateral tilt position did not produce any functional changes in the hair cells and/or the otolith-oculomotor system.
    All of the subjects exhibited ocular counter-counter-rolling during the initial stage of their roll-back to a normal upright position. This phenomenon might result from the additional bending of the hairs by inertia during the initiation of the backward roll motion.
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  • Mutsumi Sugiura, Yukio Ohmae, Rie Niina, Minoru Ikeda
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 922-927
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Hearing aids are useful instruments for elderly patients with impaired hearing. However, the psychological effects of wearing a hearing aid have remained unclear until recently. A study was therefore performed at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital to determine such effects. Eighteen out of 50 questions included in the "Psychological Stress Response Scale (PSRS)" were selected and used to produce a questionnaire. The questionnaire was then given to and completed by 31 elderly patients who received and willingly used hearing aids. Of these patients, 20 were female and 11 were male. Their average age was 80.4 years(±5.3 years ranging from 66-89 years). The questionnaire was completed by each patient on two separate occasions: before the hearing aids were fitted and after.
    In addition to the PSRS questionnaires, a second "hearing satisfaction" questionnaire was also completed, both before and after the hearing aids were fitted. The scores for depression, anxiety and anger were significantly lower after the hearing aid had been fitted. The score for depression showed a particularly distinctive decrease. The statistics also showed that the use of a hearing aid produced a significant improvement in the level of satisfaction patient's felt regarding their hearing. We conclude that the use of hearing aids by elderly patients not only alleviates their dissatisfaction with being unable to hear, but has additional psychological advantages.
    These results suggest that the use of a hearing aid not only improves hearing but may also delay or offset the development of dementia. Accordingly, suitable hearing aids should be provided to elderly patients so that they may recover their hearing and benefit from the associated psychological advantages.
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  • Kouichi Hiroshige, Minoru Ikeda, Ryo Hondo
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 928-936
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ramsay Hunt syndrome develops when the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is reactivated. In the present study, we examined the secretion kinetics of VZV DNA in the tear fluid, submandibular gland saliva and parotid gland saliva of 15 patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. The presence of VZV DNA was detected using PCR and a microplate hybridization method. Hybridization signals were measured using the fluorescence density of an enzymatic reaction product using fluoroscan and a system involving streptavidin-conjugated β-galactosidase. The results were converted into numerical values and used to estimate the number of virus DNA copies.
    VZV DNA was detected in the tear fluid, submandibular gland saliva and parotid gland saliva of the Ramsay Hunt syndrome patients. The rate of VZV DNA detecton in the submandibular gland saliva was 72%, and the detection rate in the parotid gland saliva was 57%. The detection rate in the tear fluid was 27%, which is significantly lower than the other two detection rates. Regarding the submandibular gland saliva and the parotidgland saliva, the VZV DNA was detected in samples collected at a comparatively early stage of onset. In the tear fluid, the detection rate increased significantly in samples collected 2 weeks after onset or later. Thus, differences in the detection rate were observed depending on the type of secretory gland and the timing of the sample collection. The VZV DNA in the tear fluid is thought to derive from the ganglion trigeminale. The increase and decrease in the number of VZV DNA copies detected in samples collected at different times is considered to substantiate VZV reactivation in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
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  • Tomoyasu Furukawa, Michitaka Watanabe, Okihide Hikosaka
    2000 Volume 103 Issue 8 Pages 937-948
    Published: August 20, 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A common pathway in the brainstem is thought to exist for the induction of visually guided saccades and rapid phase nystagmus (Ref. Ohki et al. 1988). This common pathway is often referred to as "the saccade generator" or "the burst generator." The presence of this pathway suggests that vestibular function can be examined by applying "visual stimuli" and "vestibular stimuli" at the same time. We therefore investigated whether caloric stimulation affects the latency, amplitude and velocity of saccadic eye movements and if so, how. Nine normal volunteers participated in the experiment. Eye movements were recorded using DC electro-oculography. Caloric stimulation was applied to the right ear using an air caloric stimulator (10°C)during saccades.
    Two experiments involving visually guided saccades were performed.
    Task 1: The subject was asked to fixate on a central fixation point. Another spot of light then randomly appeared at one of two different locations (20 degrees to the right or left). The subject was then asked to scan towards the second light as quickly as possible.
    Task 2: The procedure was the same as in Task 1, except that the target appeared only briefly and then later reappeared at the same location.
    The saccade latency was unaffected by caloric stimulation in Task 1, while the latency of the rightward saccades increased significantly in Task 2. The saccade amplitude and velocity increased significantly in both directions in Task 1, while the amplitude and velocity of the leftward saccades increased significantly in Task 2.
    These results can be explained by the synergistic activation of Burster-Driving Neurons by the saccade signal and the vestibular signals. The combinations of these saccade tasks and caloric stimulation, especially Task 2, may be useful in clinically examining vestibulo-oculomotor functions.
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