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Volume 96, Issue 5
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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YASUTAKA AIHARA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 739-744,871
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe velocity storage mechanism in optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in 50 healthy adults. We used stepwise stimulations generated by projecting stripe and numerous random dot patterns on a screen at 20, 40, 60 and 80 deg/sec. The slow-phase OKN velocity followed stripe and random dot patterns almost immediately after the onset of the stimuli at 20 deg/sec.
On the other hand, it tended to gradually increase after the onset of stimuli at 60 or 80 deg/sec. This gradual increase in slowphase eye velocity has also been observed in several animal species, such as the monkey and cat. The slow-phase velocity of the first OKAN beat was higher with the random dot pattern than with the stripe pattern regardless of stimulation velocity.
The above findings indicate that OKN in man is mediated through direct and also indirect pathways as observed in animals. With random dot pattern stimulation, particularly, the indirect pathway seems to perform an important role in generating OKN and OKAN.View full abstractDownload PDF (2415K) -
ANTIGEN SPECIFIC ANTIBODY LEVELS IN THE GUINEA PIGSHUNICHI TOMIYAMA, MANABU NONAKA, TOSHIAKI YAGI1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 745-750,871
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study demonstrates that degeneration of vestibular sensory cells depends on the integrity of immune responses in the endolymphatic sac (ES). Degeneration of the saccule occurred nearly twice as often as degeneration of the utricle and ampulla. Perilymph antibody levels were assessed following direct antigen (KLH) challenge to the endolymphatic sac in systemic presensitized guinea pigs. Mean perilymph antibody levels were significantly elevated in ears showing degeneration as compared to those which did not.
Serum anti-KLH antibody levels were also signifinicantly elevated in the ears with degeneration as compared to those without. Whether degeneration or recovery occurs, is largely dependent on the level of systemic immunization and perilymph antibody level within one week of antigen challenge to the ES.View full abstractDownload PDF (4132K) -
KENJI DEJIMA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 751-760,871
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number and area of goblet cells in the normal rat septum were examined quantitatively using a whole-mount method and image analysis. With this approach, the number of goblet cells can easily be counted and quantitative analysis of secretory granules under different conditions can be determined histologically. When the whole mucosa of the nasal septum was divided from anterior to posterior into 8 equal sections, the third and fourth sections contained many large goblet cells. This finding may reflect the physiological role of the nasal mucosa, which warms and humidifies nasal air streams. The distribution of goblet cells in the nasal septum seems to be complementary with that of glandular orifices, which may serve the purpose maintaining the mucous blanket in the nasal cavity. ACh perfusion demonstrated an area of alcian-blue-positive secretory granules in goblet cells which decreased immediately afterwards, but recovered in 10 minutes. These results strongly suggest that ACh initially increases secretion in goblet cells and then enhances the production of secretory granules in these cells approximately 10 minutes later. IPR perfusion, on the other hand, showed an area of alcian-blue-positive secretory granules in goblet cells which decreased 30 minutes after treatment. Furthermore, there was variety in the area of each goblet cell. These results strongly suggest the possibility that IPR may slowly elevate secretion from goblet cells.
It seems most likely that goblet cells have the same secretory reaction characteristics to autonomic nerve agents as glandular secretory cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (7443K) -
WATARU OKITA, TOSHIYOSHI TANAKA, TOSHITAKA IINUMA, KEIICHI ICHIMURA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 761-766,871
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has widely been recognized that the vascular endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tension. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a potent vasodilator produced by vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine (ACh) and a variety of other substances. Recent studies have indicated its pharmacological and biochemical effect on vascular smooth muscle tension. The role of the vasacular endothelium in the vasodilatory response to ACh stimulation was studied in isolated mucosa from the canine nasal fossa.
(1) In the presence of intact endothelium, dose-dependent relaxation was induced by administration of ACh (10-8-10-5M) under sustained constriction by methoxamine.
(2) After endothelial cell injury had been induced by administration of 15-hydroperoxyeicosa tetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), the relaxing response to ACh was abolished with the induction of contraction.
(3) Pretreatment with a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) did not change the vasodilatory response to ACh stimulation.
These results indicate that endothelium is necessary for relaxation in response to ACh, and suggest the presence of EDRF in vessels of the canine nasal mucosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (1514K) -
KOUICHIRO TSUTSUMI, TOMOHIDE HOSHIKAWA, TAKESHI SUZUKI, ISAMU TAKEYAMA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 767-773,873
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpression of the human papillomavirus (HPV) gene was examined in HPV-positive laryngeal tumors. Moreover, the activity of the HPV long control region (LCR) was tested in cultured laryngeal epithelial cells. HPV-11 early genes were heterogeneously expressed in adult laryngeal papillomas. We found one laryngeal carcinoma case in whom the HPV-16 transforming genes, E6 and E7, were expressed. Both HPV-11 and -16 LCRs were active in cultured laryngeal epithelial cells from vocal cords. These results suggest that laryngeal epithelial and tumor cells are target cells for HPV gene expression.View full abstractDownload PDF (2878K) -
KAZUHIKO YOKOSHIMA, MASAKI OHNISHI1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 774-779_1,873
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn increased number of mast cells and eosinophils can be recognized in the epithelial layer of nasal mucosa from allergic subjects; these cells are known to play an important role in the manifestation of nasal allergy. Eosinophils accumulate under the effect of eosinophil chemotactic factor released by mast cells. However, the mechanism of accumulation of mast cells has not yet been clarified.
Our previous studies have shown that colony stimulating activity of the basophil/eosinophil lineage is enhanced under proliferative conditions for nasal epithelial cells. We therefore studied the distribution of mast cells and eosinophils in inverted papilloma of the nose, in which we can identify proliferation of nasal epithelial cells.
Nasal inverted papilloma from 5 patients were examined for mast cell and eosinophil distributions. Serial staining of nasal inverted papilloma showed that the number of mast cells and the percentage of formalin sensitive mast cells within 50μm of the tumor site and 50μm above the basement membrane were 16576±5729/mm3 (90.8%) and 4697±304/mm3 (76.1%), respectively. However, in comparison with the tumor site, significant differences in the distribution and number of mast cells were seen in the stromal area. The number of mast cells and the percentage of formalin sensitive mast cells within 50μm and 50μm above the basement membrane were 2880±238/mm3 (0%) and 3096±152/mm3 (0%), respectively. Furthermore, the number of mast cells in the tumor site was significantly higher than that of mast cells in the epithelial layer of the inferior nasal turbinate and paranasal sinus membrane taken from patients with chronic sinusitis. On the other hand, many eosinophils had also accumulated in the nasal inverted papilloma, but there was no difference in the distribution of eosinophils in comparison to the tumor site and the stromal area.
The findings demonstrate differences between the stromal area and the tumor in terms of the phenotype and the number of mast cells; these are postulated to be due to distinct microenvironmental factors that affect mast cells at these sites.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
NAOHIKO OGUCHI, TOSHIKAZU HIRANO, GORO ASANO1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 780-786_4,873
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty-five pleomorphic adenomas and 10 normal salivary glands were immunohistochemically studied with respect to cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components to observe the relationship between these components and the differentiation of tumor cells in pleomorphic adenomas. For immunohistochemical observation, keratin (AE1), vimentin (V9), α-smooth muscle actin (1A4) and type IV collagen (JK-199) were studied by means of monoclonal antibodies, and laminin (LM) and fibronectin (FN) were analysed with polyclonal antibodies. AE1 was localized in inner tubular cells, and 1A4 was identified in spindle and leiomyomatous cells. These observations may provide evidence of differentiation into ductal epithelia and myoepithelial cells, respectively. Positive staining for V9 in cuboidal cells suggests dedifferentiation. The extracellular matrix components, JK-199, LM and FN, were localized in surrounding areas of cells stained by V9 and/or 1A4. This suggests that expression of these cytoskeletal proteins and extracellular matrix components may affect each other, and ther by contribute to cellular differentiation and production of extracellular matrix.View full abstractDownload PDF (2243K) -
KATSUNARI YANE, OSAMU TANAKA, HIROSHI MIYAHARA, TAKASHI MATSUNAGA, YOS ...1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 787-790_1,873
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in human thyroid tumors were examined immunohistochemically in frozen sections. Forty-eight fresh surgical specimens of thyroid tissues, 19 carcinomas, 12 adenomas, 7 adenomatous goiters and 10 normal thyroid tissues were studied. All cases, including normal thyroid tissues, expressed the EGFR immunoreaction in the cytoplasm. Incidences of stronger than (+) staining intensity of EGFR were 84% (16/19) in carcinoma, 67% (8/12) in adenoma, 57% (4/7) in adenomatous goiter and 30% (3/10) in normal thyroid tissue. This result suggests that the staining intensity of EGFR expression is associated with malignant potential.
The frequency of ER positive cases was 11% (2/19) in carcinoma, 17% (2/12) in adenoma and 0% in both adenomatous goiter and normal thyroid tissue. No relationship between EGFR and ER expression was recognized. However, a case of papillary carcinoma with strong ER immunoreactive intensity expressed weak EGFR intensity, suggesting an inverse relation in immunoreaction between EGFR and ER in papillary carcinoma.View full abstractDownload PDF (898K) -
YASUHISA CHIBA, NOBUHIKO FURUYA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 791-795,875
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparisons of right and left optic stimulations with the two optokinetic pattern tests (OKP) are available for diagnosing equilibrium disorders. Also availabile are numerical data of OKP, which are calculated by an OKP-analyzing computer to assist the thinking of clinicians. But there is no criterion for deciding normal or abnormal two-dimensional numerical results of OKP by right and left directional optic stimulation. We established bivariate normal values and normal ranges based on the numerical data of OKP. Variables of OKP for establishing bivariate normal values and ranges were the total number of nystagmus, the cumulative slow phase amplitudes and velocities of nystagmus, and the average fast phase velocities. The reference samples were selected from 1482 numeric data of OKP regarded as normal. Normal ranges are shown as ellipses, which were drawn intuitively through the 5% critical ratio points of bivariate normal distributions, to distinguish normal from abnormal. Normal values were expressed by Mahalanobis generalized distance (MGD), which is the distance from mean values to sample values of bivariates. The normal values of each variable had a 95% confidence coefficient for calculating the MGD from the center to the margin of the ellipses. It seems that simple discrimination between normal and abnormal bivariable OKPs was obtained using our normal values and ranges calculated by Mahalanobis generalized distance.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
WALL BY ULTRASONOGRAPHYKUHO OHARA1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 796-809,875
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to evaluate non-invasively the viscoelastisity of the human carotid wall by ultrasonographic techniques. After mathematical fundamental experimentation using a rubber tube as a vessel wall model, we observed viscoelastic changes in the carotid wall in normal cases in relation to aging and in treated and non-treated cases with hypertension.
An amplified single rectangular mechanical impulse with a 0.5 msec duration was applied to the carotid wall percutaneously by using Wilcoxon's vibrator.
We converted B-mode images at one point of the carotid wall to ultrasonic variant M-mode images, and damped oscillation waves were thus obtained. The ultrasonic variant M-mode method, which was developed in our department to detect small vibrations of the vocal cord, was used to observe fine impulse excitations of the carotid wall. This ultrasonographic method (variant M-mode) shows the amount of reflected echoes, which are changed to electrical potentials at one point of the carotid wall.
Yerzley Resilience (Y.R.) and resonance frequency (R.F.), as well as the Q-value of resonance, (Q.V.) were measured from these damped oscillation waves. It is widely known that Y.R. shows the degree of viscosity of the carotid wall while R.F. and Q.V. show the stiffness of the carotid wall indirectly. A Y.R. of 100% means complete elasticity with lower viscosity and damping degree.
When Y.R. comes close to 0%, both viscosity and damping degree increase. The carotid wall becomes stiffer in proportion to R.F. and Q.V.
The following results were obtained:
1) Y.R., R.F. and Q.V. increased with aging.
2) In non-treated cases with hypertention, Y.R. was significantly, while R.F. and Q.V. tended to be, higher than in normal cases of the same generation.
3) In treated cases with hypertention, Y.R., R.F. and Q.V. had a tendency to be lower than in non-treated cases.
In conclusion, non-invasive evaluation of carotid wall viscoelastisity appears to be feasible, and further investigation is warranted for applying this ultrasonographic technique to the field of head and neck vessel surgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDYTAKAAKI KAWAGUCHI1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 810-817_2,875
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, the γδT cell content of the tonsillar T cell population has been evaluated for the first time. Flowcytometric analysis showed that 1.56% of T cells in palatine tonsils obtained from patients with recurrent tonsillitis (n=17) expressed the γδT cell receptor. Next, the tissue distribution of these cells in palatine tonsil was examined immunohistologically. γδT cell receptor positive cells and CD3 positive cells were counted in the crypt epithelium, tonsillar epithelium on the free surface and in the interfollicular space (n=29). The γδT cell content of the whole T cell population in each of these regions was calculated and compared. It was demonstrated that T cells in the crypt epithelium contained more γδT cell receptor bearing cells than did T cells infiltrating the tonsillar epithelium on the free surface. T cells in the interfollicular space included even fewer γδT cells. The γδT cell content of tonsillar T cells showed a gradual decrease with age in each region. Then, infiltration of γδT cells in the crypt epithelium was compared among recurrent tonsillitis, hypertrophic tonsil and focus tonsil (PPP) specimens. Recurrent tonsillitis showed the highest γδT cell content in T cells infiltrating the crypt epithelium. There was no remarkable infiltration of these cells in the crypt epithelium of focus tonsil.
Furthermore, the γδT cell population was isolated from tonsillar lymphocytes and stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Increased IL-2 production was observed with SEA and SEB stimulation, and this reaction was blocked by anti γδT cell receptor antibody.
These findings indidcate that tonsillar γδT cells may be involved in mucosal immunity mediated by the palatine tonsil and suggest that crypt epithelium is the major locus of this action.View full abstractDownload PDF (1920K) -
KOICHI ITO1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 818-826,875
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is defined as chronic rhinitis in which no specific allergens are identified although allergic symptoms occur throughout the year and nasal smears are positive for eosinophils. This rhinitis is not type I allergy, and the methacholine provocative test for the lower airways is negative. In this study, we performed the nasal methacholine provocative test using an astograph, as well as allergen skin testing, IgE RAST determination, assessment of eosinophil counts in nasal smears, and the allergen nasal provocative test in 101 patients with perennial chronic rhinitis. This study attempted to make a differential diagnosis of NARES and to characterize this disease in comparison with other types of chronic rhinitis.
Among the 101 subjects, 58 patients (57.4%), 17 (16.8%), and 26 (25.8%) were respectively classified into Group I (the nasal allergy group), Group II (the NARES group), and Group III (the vasomotor rhinitis group: VMR group). Blood eosinophil counts and serum IgE RIST levels were lower in Group II than in Group I. There were no differences in respiratory function among the 3 groups before the nasal methacholine provocative test. Respiratory function decreased in Group I with methacholine provocation, but remained unchanged in Groups II and III.
Based on the above findings, hypersensitivity to methacholine was noted in both the upper and lower airways of patients with nasal allergy, only in the upper airway of VMR patients, but in neither the upper nor the lower airways of NARES patients. This indicates that the nasal methacholine provocative test may be useful in waking a differential diagnosis in cases of chronic rhinitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
TADAYUKI YAGO, MAMORU TUKUDA, IZUMI MOCHIMATU, YASUKAZU MIKAMI, MIKI S ...1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 827-832_2,877
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is one of the cell adhesion molecules. This molecule is a glycoprotein of about 90 KDa belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and is widely expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells which play a role in the immune system. ICAM-1 is also a ligand or counter-receptor for the leukocyte integrin lymphocytefunction associated antigen-1 (LFA-1).
We investigated the expression of ICAM-1 on the surfaces of cells from fifteen head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines and the modulation of ICAM-1 expression by IFN-γ, using an immunohistochemical stain. We categorized four types of stain degree.
(-): <10% of cells positive (±): 10-40% of cells positive
(+): <40-70% of cells positive (++): >70% of cells positive
Four cell lines showed (-) type. Three cell lines: (±). One cell line: (+). Seven cell lines: (++).
The primary site of cell lines and the degree of ICAM-1 expression were not detectable. Connection between pathological differentiation and the degreed expression were not apparent, either.
IFN-γup-regulated the degree of ICAM-1. All cell lines, when stimulated by IFN-γ, showed (++) type.View full abstractDownload PDF (1984K) -
1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 833-843
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1136K) -
1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 843-853
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1137K) -
[in Japanese]1993 Volume 96 Issue 5 Pages 854-857
Published: May 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (195K)
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