The omohyoid muscle syndrome was first reported by Ye Biyuan in 1980. During swallowing the omohyoid muscle bulges remarkably, while it disappears completely at rest. The pathogenesis is still obscure. Ten young males suffering from this syndrome were documented in his paper.
Recently we have encountered a case of fifteen year-old boy who complained of neck bulge in the left during swallowing. He sprained the neck in Feb. 1981 and first noticed his left cervical mass during swallowing in April 1981. He visited our clinic in Feb. 1982 because his cervical mass increased in size.
The mass appeared during swallowing and phonation in correspondence with the course of the omohyoid muscle. Operation was carried out under local anesthesia. A transverse skin incision in the left side was made starting from the midpoint of thyroid cartilage. The superior belly of the omohyoid muscle was exposed and found to be hypertropic. The superior belly was excised and the bulge disappeared immediately.
The histopathological findings showed the waxy change and the increase in size in some muscle fibers. The pathological diagnosis, therefore, was myogenic atrophy of the omohyoid muscle.
The patient is doing well six months after the operation.

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This paper reports the result of the first mass screening for laryngeal carcinoma performed in October, 1982 in the Kanto area. In order to make the screening an efficient and precise means to detect early laryngeal cancer, we have done various preliminaly studies for these 5 years, the details of which have been described in our two previous reports.
The screenees consisted of 1223 people, of whom 825 were regarded as "at high risk" because of their sex (men), ages (50 and over), and presenting symptoms (especially, hoarseness). The screening was carried out by 46 practicing otolaryngologists in Tokyo during the period from Oct. 1 to Oct. 31, 1982, which makes one to ten screenees examined daily by one doctor.
Six laryngeal cancers were detected in this screening, including four T1 cases, one T3 case and one T4 case. The detection rate was 0.73%, considerably high in comparison with the rate of below 0.1% in the mass screenings for other cancers, such as lung, stomach, cervical and breast cancers.
The first mass screening for laryngeal cancer was quite successful. We believe the regular and nation-wide application of this program will contribute to the early detection and the better prognosis of laryngeal cancer and will provide many patients greater chances to preserve their voices.

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In 115 patients with congenital or early-onset bilateral profound sensorineural deafness studied radiographically, 17 patients with labyrinthine malformations were found.
The mild type of malformation consisted of hypoplasia of the lateral semicircular canals, the shortening of the hight of the cochlea. In the severe types, the anterior semicircular canals were involved, and the cochlea showed a basal turn-like cavity. In the most severe type, no semicircular canals were developed and the cochlea appeared as a small protrusion from the vestible-like cavity, or was entirely absent.
In the present cases, labyrinthine malformations were found as combinations of the various degrees of hypoplasia of the cochlea and semicircular canals.
There were eight cases with the narrowing of the internal auditory canals, and four cases with abnormaly wide canals.
Three cases with labyrinthine malformations were suspected to be genetical. It was presumed that the genetic heterogeneity of the profound sensorineural deafness can be partly detected by clinical studies of labyrinthine malformations.

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Sequential chemotherapy using FT-207, adriamycin and mitomycin C followed by radiotherapy was attempted to achieve effective inhibition against implanted tumor in C57BL/6 black mice bearing YM-12 tumors.
Sequential combined chemotherapy was more effective than single drug chemotherapy or combined chemotherapy of other drugs. Addition of radiotherapy to the sequential combined chemotherapy was successful for enhancing therapeutic effect.

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The effect of iodoacetic acid (IAA), a potent inhibitor of glycolysis, upon the cochlear potentials of the guinea pig was studied. And subsequently the mechanism of the second order cochlear microphonics (CM2) production was investigated by introducing IAA into either perilymphatic scala (scala tympani or scala vestibuli) before the initiation of ischemia.
The results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1) Both the endocochlear potential (EP) and the cochlear microphonics (CM) declined drastically following perilymphatic or intraarterial application of IAA. When 5×10-3 M IAA was applied perilymphatically, the EP started to decline at about 2 to 3 minutes after the initiation of perfusion and approached to a minimal value (first turn: 44.1±4.5 (n=8) mV, second turn: 56.0±5.0 (n=8) mV) at about 8 to 10 minutes after the start of perfusion. While the EP and CM were severely suppressed both in the first and second turns, the organ of Corti potential (OCP) recorded in the first turn underwent only minor change during the early stage of intoxication with IAA.
2) The duration of the CM2 was shortened markedly by the pretreatment of scala tympani with 5×10-4M (0.5mM) IAA prior to the induction of ischemia. The same pretreatment in scala vestibuli had little effect upon the duration of the CM2. These findings, togather with the fact that the hair cells bathe in the fluid having good communication with the perilymph in scala tympani, strongly suggest that the CM2 originates in the hair cells of the anoxic cochlea supported by the glycolytic energy production.

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An analysis concerning the mucosal color and its pathophysiological significance was made on 24 normal subjects and 28 allergic patients using reflectance spectrophotometer system which was designed and manufactured for the present report. The results obtained were as follows; 1) By analyzing the reflectance spectra of Munsell's Color Standards, it was proved that the charactristics of the different colors coule be readily determined. 2) In normal subjects, there were three main positive waves of the spectra: the peak at around 500nm (P1), the smallest at around 560nm (P2) and the highest one at 660nm (P3). 3) It was found that the spectral peak of P3 in patients with nasal allergy, when compared to that of normal subjects, shifted remarkably toward the shorter wavelength at around 640nm and the increment of the absorption band at around P2 was also observed. 4) Markedly decreased hight of P2 wave was seen in chronic sinusitis. A flatt pattern of the entire spectra was seen in nasal polyp.
Reflectance spectrophotometric analysis is highly useful as a non-invasive and objective method not only to record the color of nasal mucosa but also to evaluate the mucosal pathophysiology of the upper airway.

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The purpose of these experiments was to study the exciting phases of the auditory nerve against cochlear microphonics. Whole nerve action potential (N1) amplitudes to the high frequency test tones under continuous low frequency (50Hz) acoustic and electric bias stimulation were compared to N1 amplitude to the test tone only. The numbers of action potential (AP) from the single auditory nerve fibers were recorded to 50Hz triangle and sine wave acoustic stimulation.
Following results were obtained. 1) There was no doubt that CM played very important role about the mechanism of AP discharge. The exciting phases were different almost 180 degrees under between acoustic and electric stimulation. It was agree with the mechanoelectrical theory. 2) The responses were noticed to the velocity and displacement components of the basilar memblane movement in the all of single auditory nerve fibeors. 3) The exciting phase was the zero-crossing point from positive to negative of CM under acoustic stimulation and zero-crossing point from negative to positive of CM under electric stimulation in the N1 experiments 4) The exciting phases moved systematically and gradually depending on the characteristic frequencies (CF) of single auditory nerve fibers. Some of the low CF fibers showed exciting phases near the positive peaks of CM and some of the high CF fibers showed exciting phases near the negative peaks of CM and maximum current peaks through the hair cells. 5) The results in 2), 3) and 4) were not able to explained by means of only the mechanoelectrical theory. Therefore, there was a possibility to think about the electrical interaction between the inner and outer hair cells.

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