According to the results of this clinic, the cause of deformity of the nasal septum is considered due primarily to the surplus growth of the nasal septum enclosed by the frame of the surrounding structures of the septum, especially by the anterior portion of the nasal septum. An attempt has been made by the author to xx study the relation ship between the force of growth and the deviation from the point of strength of materials: the deviations of various degrees being formed under conditions to which the nasal septum is placed anatomically subject, may be the subjects of static mechanical study as well, and we found in this connection that Euler's formula on the long column and other mechanical formulae are applicable thereto.
Mention should be made naturally, however, that these formulae, while applicable to ideal material correctly, require various cautions against complicated conditions including the septum strutcure in case of actual application. The mechanical studies revealed that the leading cause which produces deformity of the nasal septum, in the case of deviation, is derived from the anterior portion of the nasal septum, especially the septum cartilage, (the most manifest form is the deviation in its superior portion connected with the crooked nose), while in the case of process it is caused by the surplus growth of the vomeral process of the sertal cartilage as well as its ossification.

View full abstract

The tomporal bone of a case of mucosus otitis media accompanied by auditory defect in high tones was histologically examined and found that the pathological findings were confined to the middle ear, except a slight change in cochlea, which is, however, less manifest than that described by Crowe, Guild and Polvogt to occur in cases of normal hearing.

View full abstract

In order to the question if the higher harmonics, instead of the fundamental, are responsible for the retained audibility of low tones in conductive deafness, a specially designed oscillator with a transitron circuit was made use of. A loudspeaker of moving coil type served as the sound producer. Electrical as well as acoustic low pass filters were used for low tones under 1000 c.p.s. to cut off the harmonics. The wave form was observed with an Braun tube. The experiment satisfied that the test tones were perceived by means of the fundamentals.

View full abstract

Ocular muscles of the rabbit, were detached from the insertion by Topolansky-Bartels' procedure and connected via injection nedle electrodes and amplifier to an oscillograph of N-3 type. The contraction and relaxation of the muscle was converted to the change of electric resistance so that the myographical record could be obtained by an electrical way. The résumé of the results so far obtained follows:
(1) The stroke of nystagmus movement is a tetanus in nature instead of a single twitch. The turning point from the slow phase to the quick phase is distinct in the records both of the agonist and the antagonist muscles, while the quick phase goes gradually over into the following slow phase, so that it is difficult in the action potential record to set a reparating landmark between the two phases. At the former turning point there is found between the agonist and muscles antagonist a time shift about a millisecond.
(2) In normal rabbits, it is difficult to determine the frequency of the action potential numerically, since the main and accessory waves appear intermingled with each other, inspite of the extremely short interpolar distance between the electrodes we used, and the main wave is of a variable size.
(3) Resting ocular muscles also develop action potential. Whether this muscular tonus is wholely of labyrinthine nature or not is a problem still to be solved.
(4) By adjusting the labyrinthine stimulation, the frequency and amplitude of the nystagmus could be changed at will. In cases of augumented amplitude, the action potential recond reveals increase in the twitch frequency of each muscle fibre and in the number of active fibres. In such cases it is natural to assume that it is caused by an inerease of the discharge frequency from each nerve cell in the centre and increased number of neurons involved. Increase in nystagmus frequency is accompanied by diminution of the amplitude even to the degree that the nystagmus movement is no more visible on the myogram, although there is still discernible-some characteristic behaviour of the muscles in the action potential. The agonist muscle, namely, is in a continued, almost maximal contraction, while the antagonist muscle shows an action potential akin to that of a single twitch. On a further enhancement of labyrinthine excitation, the antagonist muscle remains in a completely relaxed state, no action potential being discernible.
(5) Effect of ether anaesthesia on the nystagmus, caused by unilateral destruction of the labyrinth, consists in a lowered frequency of the impulse discharge on the part of each neuron, decreased number of neurons in action, and disturbance of the reciprocal innervation, which mechanism may disappear in the end.

View full abstract

From a series of examination on the sense of smell in 36 cases of blindness, the following results were obtained:
(i) Disturbance of smell was found in 9 cases i. e. 25%.
(ii) Confusion of smell in 2 cases.
(iii) Fatigue of smell set in slower and recovery faster in the blind than in persons of normal sight.
(iv) Most of the present cases, excepting those under the headings (i) and (ii) above, had acuter sense of smell than the normal standard. Especially the cases of complete blindness were found more favoured in this respect than those of incomplete blindness.

View full abstract