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Volume 96, Issue 4
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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NOBUYOSHI KAWASHIMA, HIDEKI OOKUBO, YUJI ASE, JUN KUSAKARI1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 601-608,733
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the effect of non-biological artifacts on the measurement of distortion product oto-acoustic emission (DPOAE) using guinea pigs, and the generation mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed in the present paper. When a sound pressure of a stimulating tone was too large, an overtone was produced within the acoustic probe. When the difference in sound pressure between f1 and f2 was too large, artifacts appeared at frequencies of 2f1-f2 or 2f2-f1. Similar responses were generated when f1 and f2 were identical in sound pressure but exceeded a certain critical level. These non-biological responses could be easily differentiated from biological responses by subjecting the animal to anoxia. The input-output curve of DPOAE was biphasic and clearly showed this critical level in each animal. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the levels of f1 and f2 should be almost equal and should not exceed the observed critical level when measuring DPOAE.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
HITOSHI HENTONA, REIKO SATOH, HIDEKI MURAOKA, ATSUSHI KOMATSUZAKI1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 609-616,733
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bone mineral density of the internal auditory meatus was investigated by means of quantitative computed tomography in 20 normal subjects (40 ears). Investigated portions of the internal auditory meatus were the porus anterior and posterior and the fundus anterior and posterior. Two other portions of the ear, the bony vestibule and lateral wall of the mastoid, were also investigated. The bone density values (calcium carbonate equivalent value) for each portion were analyzed statistically.
The following results were obtained:
1) There was no significant difference between the right and left values in any portion.
2) The highest mean value was found in the fundus posterior, the lowest in the porus anterior.
There was a significant difference between the values of the fundus and porus.
Bone hardness generally correlates with bone density. Thus, the bone hardness of the porus of the internal auditory meatus was appraised to be lower than that of the fundus. These results suggest that this is one of the factors promoting enlargement of the internal auditory meatus in acoustic neuroma.View full abstractDownload PDF (2481K) -
2. COMPARISON OF RESPONSE RATES TO INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS IN 1-YEAR-6-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN WITH NORMAL HEARING AND HEARING LOSS USING A HEALTH SCREENING QUESTIONNAIREKEIKO NISHIOKA, ATSUSI HATANO, CHISATO SAITO, MAKI KIGUCHI, MANABU MAE ...1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 617-625,733
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report the results of studies on responses to questions on hearing impairment, comparing 165 school children whose hearing was diagnosed as normal at the time of admission to primary school and 37 children with hearing loss attending facilities for children with this disability. These children had been covered by similar surveys as part of the health screening for 1-year-6-month-old infants conducted by municipal authorities. Significant differences between the two groups were noted in the response rates to all questions on hearing. Similar differences were noted in the responses to questions on family history of hearing impairment. There were no significant differences in the incidences of asphyxia and jaunduce at birth. The most striking differences were noted in the response rates to questions 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 18. Most useful and universally valid in this survey were questions 8, 10 and 18 in addition to the question on whether or not parents suspected infantile hearing loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIESYASUHIRO KASE, KEIITI ITIMURA, TOSHITAKA IINUMA1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 626-631,733
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe potential application of acoustic rhinometry for evaluating paranasal sinuses was evaluated experimentally. In order to assess the influence of paranasal sinus volume in acoustic rhinometry, three model studies were performed. A tube made of acryle (20cm in length, 2cm in diameter) with a side hole was used for the first experiment. In the experiment measuring this tube with acoustic rhinometry, a difference between cases with a side hole (ex. 2mm in diameter) and these without a side hole was observed. In the former, a more posterior tube position gave rise to an increase in the acoustic curve. In the second experiment, a syringe was fixed to the side hole of the tube, so as that no leakage of sound wave would occur. A change in the volume of the syringe could be detected by acoustic rhinometry, even with changes as small as 1ml. In the third experiment, the relationship between the size of the side hole and the volume of the syringe was evaluated. When the volume was less than 20ml, the value was almost equal to the theoretical value even if the diameter of the side hole was as small as 4mm. A larger size hole was required when the volume was increased. It was concluded that acoustic rhinometry is of possible value in assessing the paranasal sinuses, if the nasal cavity communicates with the paranasal sinuses via a large opening (e. g. in post-operative cases).View full abstractDownload PDF (1595K) -
ANALYSIS OF MAXILLARY PROSTHESIS STABILITYHIDEHARU USUI, YASUO SAKAKURA, KAZUO SHIMOZATO1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 632-636,735
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe report here an analysis of 100 cases of maxillary prosthesis, experienced from July, 1981 through June, 1989, with special reference to stability.
Sixty-four percent of prostheses were partial denture type and complete denture type comprised thirty-two percent. Eighty-six percent of cases were estimated to have defects exceeding 2/6 and 3/6 of the surface width of the palate. Ninety percent of prostheses weighed less than 15gm. The stability of these prostheses was estimated to be good in 85% of cases, the stability of the denture type being good in 95% of partial denture type cases, and 62% of complete denture type cases. According to type distinctions among maxillary defects as a whole, in the smaller 1/6 and 2/6 defect cases, good stability can be expected, and in 3/6 and 4/6 defect cases, 80% achieve good stability. According to prosthesis weight, 80% of those weighing less than 15gm were considered to have shown good stability.
Thus, these maxillary prostheses can remain in place and functional ameliorating disability and contributing to the patient's quality of life.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
SATOSHI IWASAKI1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 637-644,735
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvoked otoacoustic emissions (e-OAE) at a 2 kHz tone burst were measured in 37 ears of 21 cats. The e-OAE responses were detectable in 30 ears of 19 cats. In most cats (26 out of 30 ears) nonlinear behavior could be identified and saturated above 15 to 20 dBnHL. The responses had very short latencies (to their peak pressures) of 5.53 ms to 7.28 ms.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine feline cochleas for structural damage after exposure to a 2 kHz pure tone (105 dBSPL and 125 dBSPL). Following a 105dB exposure for 30 min acoustic response recovered to normal levels at 120 min after exposure with no significant loss of hair cell stereocilia. Fatigue induced changes in outer hair cell activity may be relevant to the production of TTS. The loss of stereocilia on outer hair cell row 1 and on inner hair cells was seen between 6 and 9 mm from the apex after exposure to a 125dBSPL, 2 kHz pure tone for 30 min and e-OAE disappeared after overstimulation in all these cases. We found that e-OAE was affected by minimal cochlear damage.View full abstractDownload PDF (7136K) -
YASUKAZU MIKAMI, MAMORU TSUKUDA, IZUMI MOCHIMATSU, TOSHIYUKI KOKATSU, ...1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 645-650,735
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the correlation between tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in head and neck carcinomas, we investigated the number of microvessels, using immunohistochemical factor VIII.
No correlations among this number, differences in the primary lesion, histological differentiation and T classification were detected. The incidence of neck lymph node metastases increased as microvessel numbers increased in tumor sites. The number of microvessels increased as N and Stage classification progressed. The number of microvessels in CR cases after induction chemocherapy were increased. The numbers of microvessels in patients without reccurence were apparently greater than those in patients with reccurence.
The results of this study suggest that the number of microvessels in a primary tumor correlates with the metastatic ability of the tumor.View full abstractDownload PDF (2044K) -
TAKESHI KUSUNOKI, TAKAYUKI NAKANO, KUNIHIKO FUNASAKA, KIYOTAKA MURATA, ...1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 651-658,735
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurgical materials obtained from 5 normal human thyroids and 19 diseased tissues (4 with Grave's disease, 4 adenomatous goiters, 3 follicular adenomas, 2 papillary carcinomas, 4 follicular carcinomas and 2 undifferentiated carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody.
The results of this study suggested the following:
(1) Labeling indexes of PCNA positive cell nuclei were shown in high grade malignant cases accompanied by capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis, in undifferentiated carcinoma cells, and in proliferative lesions of benign diseases. These results suggest that PCNA is indicative of proliferative ability in thyroid diseases.
(2) On thyroid tumors, EGFR regions with strong positive staining showed many PCNA positive cell nuclei. EGF appears to have a significant association with proliferative ability in thyroid diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (8756K) -
MITSUNOBU SHIBUSAWA1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 659-664,737
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdductor movement of the vocal cords in initial /ke/ phonation was recorded using a laryngeal fiberscope, CCD camera, and videocassette recorder. Three patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD), a 53 year old male and 48 and 52 year old females, and 7 normal volunteers participated in this study.
During the examination, the subject sat on a chair holding a microphone about 20 cm away from his or her lips. A laryngeal fiberscope was inserted through either side of the nostril. The tip of the fiberscope was positioned just caudal to the tip of the epiglottis to get a complete view of both sides of the vocal cords. The examiner told the subject to make the speech sound /ke/ repeatedly, and to insert a sufficient inspiratory period between each phonation.
The vocal cord images were recorded at 30 frames per second and printed successively from several frames ahead of the beginning of adductor movement to the frame of initial adjustment of the membranous part of the vocal cords following a time code indicator. The tips of both sides of the vocal processes and anterior commissure were marked, then, scanned and transported to a personal computer. An imaginary line connecting the vocal process and anterior commissure was drawn on the screen of the computer, which was done on both sides of the vocal cords. Then, an angle made by the two lines was measured in degrees and stored.
The time and speed of adductor movement varied among subjects. Normal subjects, however, never failed to finish making the plosive sound in /ke/ before initial vocal cord adjustment. In contrast, in the SD patients, voiceless tight vocal adjustment occurred just before subsequent glottal opening to make a plosive sound. The degree of this abnormal closure seemed to be related to the severity of phonatory symptoms in these three patients.
The conclusion was that the abnormal pattern of vocal cord movement required to make the /ke/ sound was present in the three SD patients, suggesting motor control dysfunction of the speech center.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
TOMOAKI SUGIURA1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 665-673,737
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMouse embryos were explanted at 11.5 days of gestation and cultured for periods of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours using the whole embryo culture system. A continuous flow of gas (5%CO2+95%O2) was maintained through the culture bottles during the culture periods. The cultured embryos were morphologically and histologically examined at the end of the designated periods. The growth of the embryos was depressed after about 36 hours, and differentiation was retarded as the culture time increased. General development had ceased almost completely by 42-48 hours. At 18-36 hours, the external auditory canal and pinna, which are not developed in 11.5 day embryos, could be observed clearly on the surface of the head. After 42 hours, the facial features including the external ear were similar to those of 13 day in vivo embryos. Serial sections of the ear region of cultured embryos showed that development of the inner and middle ear structures up to 42 hours was the same as that seen from 11.5 to 13 days in vivo. In the inner ear, the otocyst had developed into the vestibule, cochlea and semicircular canals by 12-30 hours. In the middle ear, the stapedial anlage appeared and its circular shape became clear between 0 and 12 hours. Subsequently, the medial portion of the stapedial anlage grew until it was abjacent to the developing otic capsule, and the anlages of other ossicles were also recognizable after 18 hours. Differentiation of the horizontal portion of the facial nerve was noted at the same time that the stapedial anlage and otic capsule were developing. In conclusion, this morphological and histological study has clearly demonstrated that early organogenesis of the ear (especially the middle ear), corresponding to days 11.5-13 of in vivo development, is reproducible in a whole embryo culture system.View full abstractDownload PDF (7552K) -
HIROYUKI KODAMA, KOHJI ASAKURA1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 674-684,737
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the role of surface tension lowering substances (STLSs), we measured changes in passive opening pressure (OP) and closing pressure (CP) in eustachian tubes of guinea pigs before and after washing the tubes with various solutions (saline solution, artificial pulmonary surfactant, synthetic phospholipids, and detergent). The percent decreases in OP and CP in tubes washed with artificial surfactant were significantly higher than those washed with saline solution. Those washed with synthetic phospholipids or detergent (Triton X-100) did not differ from those washed with saline solution.
In guinea pigs with experimental otitis media produced by inoculation of formalin-killed Haemophilus influenzae into the middle ear cavity, the percent decreases in OP and CP in tubes washed with artificial pulmonary surfactant were significantly higher than in those washed with saline solution.
Artificial pulmonary surfactant was injected into the middle ear cavity of the guinea pigs with otitis media. At 5 days after inoculation, the inflammatory changes of the middle ear were much milder in animals with intratemporal application of artificial pulmonary surfactant than in those with saline application.
These results suggest the possible efficacy of treatment with artificial pulmonary surfactant for otitis media.View full abstractDownload PDF (3266K) -
TOSHIAKI SUGITA1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 685-692,737
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe etiology of Bell's palsy remains unknown but clinical serological investigations have suggested herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced facial neuritis to be a potential cause. In order to verify the viral etiology of Bell's palsy it must be proved by animal experimentation. The author first succeeded in producing a transient facial paralysis of mice, with a herpes simplex viral neuritis simulating human Bell's palsy. Type 1 HSV (strain KOS, 4.5 X 106 pfu/ml) was inoculated into the posterior aspect of the auricle. Fifty-nine out of 104 mice (56.7%) developed facial paralysis, on the experimental side, 6 to 9 days after the inoculation. The facial paralysis continued for 3 to 7 days and resolved spontaneously. In 36. 8% of the animals with facial palsy, HSV antigens were identified mainly in the geniculate ganglion cells, satellite cells, Schwann cells and nerve fibers of the involved side using immunohistochemical methods. No HSV antigen was demonstrated in the facial nerve of the contralateral side in animals with facial paralysis, bilateral facial nerves in animals without facial palsy or in control animals. Histopathologically, the involved nerve showed findings of viral neuritis such as round cell infiltration and vacuolar degeneration of nerve fibers. Inflammatory changes were noted in and around the geniculate ganglion but were more pronounced in nerve fibers proximal to the ganglion. These findings persisted for as long as a month after normal facial function had been restored. Round cell infiltration and vacuolar degeneration have been reported in histopathological studies of Bell's palsy. The results presented here indicate that HSV caused facial paralysis and provide substantial support for the viral hypothesis of the etiology of Bell's palsy.View full abstractDownload PDF (11669K) -
1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 693-700
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
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1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 700-708
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
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1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 708-719
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 22, 2010
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[in Japanese]1993 Volume 96 Issue 4 Pages 720-723
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: October 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (226K)
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